diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 08c577ff..b342f846 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -10748,9 +10748,9 @@ jobs.[ch] - wait_for_single_pid: changed callers to add extra argument jobs.c - - wait_for_single_pid: if (flags & 1) == 0, don't print the error message - if PID isn't found; changed execute_pipeline call when lastpipe is - set + - wait_for_single_pid: if (flags & 1) == 0, don't print the error + message if PID isn't found; changed execute_pipeline call when + lastpipe is set 4/28 ---- @@ -10807,8 +10807,8 @@ builtins/declare.def value. Fix for bug reported by Grisha Levit variables.[ch] - - find_variable_last_nameref, find_global_variable_last_nameref: takes a - new flags argument. If flags is non-zero, and we find a nameref + - find_variable_last_nameref, find_global_variable_last_nameref: takes + a new flags argument. If flags is non-zero, and we find a nameref variable that is unset (has no value), return that variable instead of NULL. @@ -10819,13 +10819,14 @@ variables.[ch] 5/3 --- variables.c - - bind_variable_internal: make sure we run the value of a namref variable - through valid_nameref_value before doing the assignment. This can go - away if we stop allowing namerefs to refer to positional parameters + - bind_variable_internal: make sure we run the value of a namref + variable through valid_nameref_value before doing the assignment. + This can go away if we stop allowing namerefs to refer to positional + parameters execute_cmd.c - - execute_select_command: if bind_variable returns NULL, handle it as an - error, as if attempting assignment to a readonly variable + - execute_select_command: if bind_variable returns NULL, handle it as + an error, as if attempting assignment to a readonly variable - execute_for_command: use 1 as second argument to find_variable_last_nameref, so it will return an invisible nameref to assign for each variable in the list @@ -10949,17 +10950,17 @@ general.c away to save calls to legal_identifier builtins/declare.def - - declare_internal: if trying to set nameref attribute on a variable with - a null value, flag as invalid assignment, just as if running + - declare_internal: if trying to set nameref attribute on a variable + with a null value, flag as invalid assignment, just as if running `declare -n r=""'. Fixes bug report from Grisha Levit - - declare_internal: when creating a variable with a temporary value (""), - use ASS_FORCE in the assignment flags to bypass name validity checks on - nameref variable names + - declare_internal: when creating a variable with a temporary value + (""), use ASS_FORCE in the assignment flags to bypass name validity + checks on nameref variable names variables.c - - bind_variable_internal: don't call valid_nameref_value if we're forcing - assignment with (flags & ASS_FORCE) + - bind_variable_internal: don't call valid_nameref_value if we're + forcing assignment with (flags & ASS_FORCE) builtins/read.def - read_builtin: handle bind_variable returning NULL when setting REPLY. @@ -10970,9 +10971,9 @@ builtins/setattr.def lib/sh/tmpfile.c - sh_seedrand(): call srandom() to seed the random number generator - - sh_mktmpname, sh_mktmpfd: if we have random(), assume we have srandom() - and seed the random number generator. Still looking for better value to - see random number generator with + - sh_mktmpname, sh_mktmpfd: if we have random(), assume we have + srandom() and seed the random number generator. Still looking for + better value to see random number generator with variables.c - check_unbind_variable: use internal_error instead of builtin_error @@ -10988,9 +10989,9 @@ arrayfunc.c since namerefs can't be arrays execute_cmd.c - - coproc_setvars: if the coproc name names a nameref, resolve the nameref - and use it as the name of the coproc. Suggested by Grisha Levit - + - coproc_setvars: if the coproc name names a nameref, resolve the + nameref and use it as the name of the coproc. Suggested by Grisha + Levit subst.c - command_substitute: don't bother calling QUIT after calling @@ -11005,11 +11006,11 @@ variables.c - find_variable_nameref_for_create: find a nameref variable whose value doesn't resolve to an existing variable and see whether or not that value is appropriate for a new variable to be created - - find_variable_nameref_for_assignment: find a nameref variable whose value - doesn't resolve to an existing variable and see whether or not that - value is appropriate for a new variable to be created. Difference - between _assignment and _create is that _assignment allows the nameref - value to be a subscripted array reference + - find_variable_nameref_for_assignment: find a nameref variable whose + value doesn't resolve to an existing variable and see whether or not + that value is appropriate for a new variable to be created. + Difference between _assignment and _create is that _assignment + allows the nameref value to be a subscripted array reference builtins/setattr.def - set_var_attribute: if variable lookup doesn't return anything, check @@ -11059,14 +11060,15 @@ bashline.c READLINE_LINE and READLINE_POINT pcomplete.c - - unbind_compfunc_variables: use unbind_variable_noref to unset COMP_LINE, - COMP_POINT, COMP_WORDS, COMP_CWORD, COMP_TYPE, COMP_KEY - - gen_shell_function_matches: use unbind_variable_noref to unset COMPREPLY + - unbind_compfunc_variables: use unbind_variable_noref to unset + COMP_LINE, COMP_POINT, COMP_WORDS, COMP_CWORD, COMP_TYPE, COMP_KEY + - gen_shell_function_matches: use unbind_variable_noref to unset + COMPREPLY config-top.h - - USE_MKTEMP/USE_MKSTEMP: define by default to use libc version of mktemp - and mkstemp in lib/sh/tmpfile.c. Recommended by Mike Frysinger - to fix a FreeBSD problem + - USE_MKTEMP/USE_MKSTEMP: define by default to use libc version of + mktemp and mkstemp in lib/sh/tmpfile.c. Recommended by Mike + Frysinger to fix a FreeBSD problem configure.ac,config.h.in - mkstemp: check for mkstemp, define HAVE_MKSTEMP if available @@ -11091,8 +11093,8 @@ variables.c nameref's name. This provides a degree of ksh93 compatibility. Suggested by Grisha Levit - find_variable_nameref_context,find_variable_last_nameref_context: - instead of returning NULL when detecting a loop, return a distinguished - value: &nameref_maxloop_value + instead of returning NULL when detecting a loop, return a + distinguished value: &nameref_maxloop_value - bind_variable: catch nameref_maxloop_value so we can do different things based on whether or not we get it. Right now we don't do anything different, but we could @@ -11112,8 +11114,8 @@ builtins/declare.def existing value. Suggested by Grisha Levit - declare_internal: add a couple of more checks on nameref names: o make sure `declare -n x[3]=y' is an error - o nameref variable self-references now produce a warning when in - function scope + o nameref variable self-references now produce a warning when + in function scope o nameref variable self-references using subscripted arrays (a=a[0]) now produce warnings at function scope and errors at global scope @@ -11171,9 +11173,9 @@ subst.c 6/1 --- builtins/declare.def - - declare_internal: if a nameref assignment fails, only call delete_var to - delete the variable if we created it in declare_internal in the first - place + - declare_internal: if a nameref assignment fails, only call delete_var + to delete the variable if we created it in declare_internal in the + first place general.c - check_selfref: new function, checks a NAME against a VALUE for nameref @@ -11187,8 +11189,9 @@ builtins/declare.def and VALUE constitute an invalid nameref variable self-reference variables.c - - bind_variable_internal: call check_selfref to determine whether a given - NAME and VALUE constitute an invalid nameref variable self-reference + - bind_variable_internal: call check_selfref to determine whether a + given NAME and VALUE constitute an invalid nameref variable self- + reference 6/2 --- @@ -11218,8 +11221,8 @@ builtins/set.def a variable isn't found o unsetting namerefs whose values are array references does not work - o unset -n n[0], where n is a nameref, would unset the referenced - variable instead of `n' + o unset -n n[0], where n is a nameref, would unset the + referenced variable instead of `n' redir.c - redir_varvalue: handle case where nameref var points to subscripted @@ -11254,8 +11257,8 @@ builtins/declare.def are relative to the original value of name. Fixes several issues with checking use of subscripted array variables as nameref values - - declare_internal: when calling assign_array_element, make sure to pass - ASS_APPEND if aflags includes it, so things like + - declare_internal: when calling assign_array_element, make sure to + pass ASS_APPEND if aflags includes it, so things like declare -a var; var[1]=1; declare var[1]+=4 append to the value appropriately and var[1] ends up being `14' @@ -11276,8 +11279,8 @@ variables.c ---- test.c - posixtest: handle four-argument case where argv[1] == '(' and - argv[4] == ')' by performing two-argument test on $2 and $3. Reported - by Joerg Schilling + argv[4] == ')' by performing two-argument test on $2 and $3. + Reported by Joerg Schilling 6/15 ---- @@ -11285,8 +11288,9 @@ variables.c - sv_ignoreeof: make sure ignoreeof is set only if IGNOREEOF is set and has a value (no `local IGNOREEOF'). Reported by Grisha Levit - - sv_strict_posix: make sure posixly_correct is set only if POSIXLY_CORRECT - is set and has a value. Reported by Grisha Levit + - sv_strict_posix: make sure posixly_correct is set only if + POSIXLY_CORRECT is set and has a value. Reported by Grisha Levit + 6/16 ---- @@ -11298,8 +11302,8 @@ builtins/declare.def 6/21 ---- execute_cmd.c - - shell_execve: make sure errno is (re)set appropriately before returning - error value on exec format error + - shell_execve: make sure errno is (re)set appropriately before + returning error value on exec format error 6/23 ---- @@ -11472,14 +11476,14 @@ lib/readline/display.c 8/4 --- nojobs.c - - without_job_control: new function, resets child state that's eventually - used to decide whether or not to wait_for children + - without_job_control: new function, resets child state that's + eventually used to decide whether or not to wait_for children execute_cmd.c - - initialize_subshell: call without_job_control in both the JOB_CONTROL and - no job control paths so we can reset the state in subshells that will not - cause them to wait_for children inappropriately. Fixes bug reported by - Dan Cross + - initialize_subshell: call without_job_control in both the + JOB_CONTROL and no job control paths so we can reset the state in + subshells that will not cause them to wait_for children + inappropriately. Fixes bug reported by Dan Cross 8/5 --- @@ -11584,13 +11588,14 @@ arrayfunc.[ch] 8/19 ---- print_cmd.c - - xtrace_print_word_list: if (xtflags & 2), don't try to quote the words in - the LIST argument. Intended to be used in places where the list has not - yet been expanded - - xtrace_print_for_command_head: call xtrace_print_word_list with flags argument - of 2. Fixes issue reported by Aharon Robbins - - xtrace_print_select_command_head: call xtrace_print_word_list with flags - argument of 2 + - xtrace_print_word_list: if (xtflags & 2), don't try to quote the + words in the LIST argument. Intended to be used in places where + the list has not yet been expanded + - xtrace_print_for_command_head: call xtrace_print_word_list with + flags argument of 2. Fixes issue reported by Aharon Robbins + + - xtrace_print_select_command_head: call xtrace_print_word_list with + flags argument of 2 8/21 ---- @@ -11649,3 +11654,26 @@ doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - quote removal: add paragraph mentioning quote removal to beginning of expansions section, referencing later paragraph. Report from Michel Lanne + + 8/30 + ---- +lib/readline/input.c + - protect instances of SIGALRM and SIGWINCH with #ifdef; apparently + MinGW doesn't define them. From a report from Simon Sobisch + + +subst.c + - SPECIAL_VAR: make sure name is not the empty string before going on, + empty strings can result in unitialized reads + - CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN: semi-general macro to use in *extract* and + similar functions to to check whether a function called to parse an + embedded construct (like a backquoted command substitution) doesn't + consume the entire string because it's unterminated + - skip_double_quoted: make sure other extraction functions don't + consume the entire string (which they can if the construct is + unterminated) before incrementing the index and going on. Uses + CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN + - extract_dollar_brace_string: check for unterminated embedded + constructs consuming the entire string with CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN ('`') + - skip_matched_pair: use CHECK_STRING_OVERRUN to make sure unterminated + embedded "`", $(, ${ don't cause out-of-bounds reads diff --git a/doc/FAQ b/doc/FAQ index b0402600..87dbb2d0 100644 --- a/doc/FAQ +++ b/doc/FAQ @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.14, for Bash version 4.4. +[THIS FAQ IS NO LONGER MAINTAINED] + This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command interpreter with advanced features for both interactive use and shell diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 94e766b4..031be8a4 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1446,6 +1446,10 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the + original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves + (_q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l). + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions @@ -5931,4 +5935,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 4.4 2016 August 21 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.4 2016 August 26 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index a2f06d8a..983284e8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2016 August 21BASH(1) +BASH(1)2016 August 26BASH(1)

Index @@ -3407,6 +3407,11 @@ same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command substitution.

+After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the +original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves +(quote removal). +

+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word. @@ -13524,7 +13529,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.

-
GNU Bash 4.42016 August 21BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.42016 August 26BASH(1)
@@ -13630,6 +13635,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 22 August 2016 09:44:22 EDT +Time: 31 August 2016 10:24:30 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 7fd65707..a22170a9 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016). +Bash shell (version 4.4, 26 August 2016). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 26 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 4.4, 26 August 2016). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 26 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1442,6 +1442,10 @@ available: PROCESS SUBSTITUTION. This is performed at the same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command substitution. + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the +original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (QUOTE +REMOVAL). + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the @@ -11370,104 +11374,104 @@ Node: Shell Parameters52197 Node: Positional Parameters56610 Node: Special Parameters57510 Node: Shell Expansions60847 -Node: Brace Expansion62784 -Node: Tilde Expansion65565 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67913 -Node: Command Substitution82045 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion83400 -Node: Process Substitution84332 -Node: Word Splitting85452 -Node: Filename Expansion87396 -Node: Pattern Matching89680 -Node: Quote Removal93378 -Node: Redirections93673 -Node: Executing Commands103093 -Node: Simple Command Expansion103763 -Node: Command Search and Execution105693 -Node: Command Execution Environment108029 -Node: Environment111013 -Node: Exit Status112672 -Node: Signals114342 -Node: Shell Scripts116309 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands118824 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120858 -Node: Bash Builtins141458 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170103 -Node: The Set Builtin170448 -Node: The Shopt Builtin180861 -Node: Special Builtins196660 -Node: Shell Variables197639 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables198076 -Node: Bash Variables200107 -Node: Bash Features228487 -Node: Invoking Bash229386 -Node: Bash Startup Files235335 -Node: Interactive Shells240438 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240848 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241497 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242312 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245687 -Node: Shell Arithmetic249927 -Node: Aliases252744 -Node: Arrays255292 -Node: The Directory Stack260376 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins261160 -Node: Controlling the Prompt264128 -Node: The Restricted Shell266874 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode268699 -Node: Job Control278752 -Node: Job Control Basics279212 -Node: Job Control Builtins283931 -Node: Job Control Variables288461 -Node: Command Line Editing289617 -Node: Introduction and Notation291288 -Node: Readline Interaction292911 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials294102 -Node: Readline Movement Commands295885 -Node: Readline Killing Commands296845 -Node: Readline Arguments298763 -Node: Searching299807 -Node: Readline Init File301993 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax303140 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs323327 -Node: Sample Init File325852 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands328969 -Node: Commands For Moving330173 -Node: Commands For History331316 -Node: Commands For Text335605 -Node: Commands For Killing338994 -Node: Numeric Arguments341475 -Node: Commands For Completion342614 -Node: Keyboard Macros346805 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands347492 -Node: Readline vi Mode353296 -Node: Programmable Completion354203 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361664 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example371550 -Node: Using History Interactively376802 -Node: Bash History Facilities377486 -Node: Bash History Builtins380487 -Node: History Interaction384484 -Node: Event Designators387448 -Node: Word Designators388667 -Node: Modifiers390304 -Node: Installing Bash391706 -Node: Basic Installation392843 -Node: Compilers and Options395534 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396275 -Node: Installation Names397938 -Node: Specifying the System Type398756 -Node: Sharing Defaults399472 -Node: Operation Controls400145 -Node: Optional Features401103 -Node: Reporting Bugs411360 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412554 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License429406 -Node: Indexes454583 -Node: Builtin Index455037 -Node: Reserved Word Index461864 -Node: Variable Index464312 -Node: Function Index479771 -Node: Concept Index492928 +Node: Brace Expansion62941 +Node: Tilde Expansion65722 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68070 +Node: Command Substitution82202 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion83557 +Node: Process Substitution84489 +Node: Word Splitting85609 +Node: Filename Expansion87553 +Node: Pattern Matching89837 +Node: Quote Removal93535 +Node: Redirections93830 +Node: Executing Commands103250 +Node: Simple Command Expansion103920 +Node: Command Search and Execution105850 +Node: Command Execution Environment108186 +Node: Environment111170 +Node: Exit Status112829 +Node: Signals114499 +Node: Shell Scripts116466 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands118981 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121015 +Node: Bash Builtins141615 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170260 +Node: The Set Builtin170605 +Node: The Shopt Builtin181018 +Node: Special Builtins196817 +Node: Shell Variables197796 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables198233 +Node: Bash Variables200264 +Node: Bash Features228644 +Node: Invoking Bash229543 +Node: Bash Startup Files235492 +Node: Interactive Shells240595 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?241005 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241654 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242469 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245844 +Node: Shell Arithmetic250084 +Node: Aliases252901 +Node: Arrays255449 +Node: The Directory Stack260533 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins261317 +Node: Controlling the Prompt264285 +Node: The Restricted Shell267031 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode268856 +Node: Job Control278909 +Node: Job Control Basics279369 +Node: Job Control Builtins284088 +Node: Job Control Variables288618 +Node: Command Line Editing289774 +Node: Introduction and Notation291445 +Node: Readline Interaction293068 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials294259 +Node: Readline Movement Commands296042 +Node: Readline Killing Commands297002 +Node: Readline Arguments298920 +Node: Searching299964 +Node: Readline Init File302150 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax303297 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs323484 +Node: Sample Init File326009 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands329126 +Node: Commands For Moving330330 +Node: Commands For History331473 +Node: Commands For Text335762 +Node: Commands For Killing339151 +Node: Numeric Arguments341632 +Node: Commands For Completion342771 +Node: Keyboard Macros346962 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands347649 +Node: Readline vi Mode353453 +Node: Programmable Completion354360 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361821 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example371707 +Node: Using History Interactively376959 +Node: Bash History Facilities377643 +Node: Bash History Builtins380644 +Node: History Interaction384641 +Node: Event Designators387605 +Node: Word Designators388824 +Node: Modifiers390461 +Node: Installing Bash391863 +Node: Basic Installation393000 +Node: Compilers and Options395691 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396432 +Node: Installation Names398095 +Node: Specifying the System Type398913 +Node: Sharing Defaults399629 +Node: Operation Controls400302 +Node: Optional Features401260 +Node: Reporting Bugs411517 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412711 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License429563 +Node: Indexes454740 +Node: Builtin Index455194 +Node: Reserved Word Index462021 +Node: Variable Index464469 +Node: Function Index479928 +Node: Concept Index493085  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index ee5e134a..2f64c6f5 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 0a292702..35da9d02 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 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-.25 F F2(history e)108 720 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5(,u) -.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(7)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(7)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ S .255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754 2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)-3.004 F(may be unset only by using the)108 727.2 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) 142.895 E(8)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1397,7 +1397,7 @@ f more than a single digit is e)108 628.8 R 1.403 -.1 F 3.581(xpansion. 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A)144 728.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2463,7 +2463,7 @@ G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 (hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2585,6725 +2585,6756 @@ E .419(The order of e)108 518.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 571.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E 1.486(Only brace e)108 588 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 +-.15 E .002(After these e)108 588 R .003 +(xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) +-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 +(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 600 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 616.8 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 600 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. 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F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(19)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +ch resulting string, e)108 717.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(19)192.055 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.242(As)108 84 S -.742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742(es the form)-.1 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)3.242 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2 -(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E -F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743 -(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and)108 96 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032 -(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger) --.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532 -(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532(xpression e)-.15 F .531 -(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 108 R F2(x)2.577 E F0 -(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 -F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078(to force each term to ha) -2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015(same width.)108 120 R .015 -(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 -E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated term\ -s to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 132 R 6.143 -(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression) --.15 E -.15(ex)108 144 S 1.064(pands to each character le).15 F 1.064 -(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F2(y)3.564 E -F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G 1.064 -(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 -(that both)108 156 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718(Brace e)108 +84 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e) +5.719 F .719(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 +F(preserv)108 96 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF({)A F0(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C +(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)108 112.8 S .743(equence e) +-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A +F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)3.242 E F0 +.742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and) +108 124.8 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532 +(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532 +(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +136.8 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 148.8 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) +2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 160.8 R +6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 172.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 +(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 168 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 184.8 -R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 196.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 208.8 Q +-.25 E(between each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 213.6 +R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 225.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 237.6 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 225.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 237.6 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 249.6 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 278.4 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 261.6 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 +(sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 273.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 302.4 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 290.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 319.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 -G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 331.2 Q(cho)144 343.2 Q +108 319.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 348 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G +(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 360 Q(cho)144 372 Q (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 360 R .618 +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 388.8 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 372 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 384 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 400.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 412.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 396 Q F0 .515 -(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) -3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 408 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 424.8 Q F0 .514 +(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) +3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +(If strict compatibility with)108 436.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 420 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set) -2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 -E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)87 436.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 448.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F -1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 -('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ - \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 460.8 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 472.8 R .725 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 484.8 Q .522 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 448.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) +87 465.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 477.6 R 1.086(ord be) +-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ +ed a)108 489.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ +\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 501.6 R +.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 513.6 Q +.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 496.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 525.6 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 508.8 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 525.6 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 554.4 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 537.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 566.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 549.6 R F2(N)4.141 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.142 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -561.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 573.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G -.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 +590.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 602.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G +.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 585.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 602.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 614.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 619.2 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 648 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.467(these cases, tilde e)108 631.2 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 -643.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 660 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `) -108 672 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e) --4.106 F 1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F -4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 684 -R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F -.407(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 696 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 708 -Q 1.189 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -724.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E +.468(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 672 +Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 +(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E +F1 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 700.8 R +F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F +1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 712.8 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 +(tect the v)108 724.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 84 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 96 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 112.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F0(})A 1.204(The v)144 124.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.704 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F1(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 136.8 R F1(par)4.014 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of the name.)108 +84 Q 1.19 +(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 +100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R 2.15 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S +(pansion.).15 E(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 153.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 148.8 R(The)7.677 E F1(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)144 160.8 S -(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G -(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .347 -(If the \214rst character of)108 177.6 R F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F2(!)A F0 .346 -(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1 -(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G(ntroduces) --2.846 E 2.634(al)108 189.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634(lo).25 G -2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F2(Bash)5.134 E F0 -.134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 201.6 R 1.003 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 189.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 +(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F +F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G +(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635 +(lo).25 G 2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F1(Bash) +5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 230.4 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .594 -(rather than the v)108 213.6 R .594(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.094 E +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .595 +(rather than the v)108 242.4 R .595(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.095 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno)3.095 F .595 -(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.595 -(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(par)3.095 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .595(is a nameref,) -3.095 F .478(this e)108 225.6 R .478(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.478(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(par)2.977 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .477 -(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.977 F 2.163(rect e)108 237.6 +(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.594 +(.I)C(f)-5.594 E F2(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594(is a nameref,) +3.094 F .477(this e)108 254.4 R .477(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F +.477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 +(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 266.4 R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.164(]} described)B(belo)108 249.6 Q 3.8 -.65 +(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F1(!)A F2 +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B(belo)108 278.4 Q 3.8 -.65 (w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 266.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 295.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 278.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089 -(When not performing substring e)108 295.2 R 1.089 +F(and arithmetic e)108 307.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +(When not performing substring e)108 324 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 -(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 307.2 Q(Omitti\ -ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E -(${)108 324 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .723(Use Default V)144 336 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F1 -(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) -3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 348 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 360 Q F1(par) -A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 -(Assign Default V)144 372 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 -(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F -2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 -(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 384 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 G -.279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 +(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 336 Q(Omittin\ +g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 352.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 364.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 376.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 388.8 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 +(Assign Default V)144 400.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2 +(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F +2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 +(is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 412.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 +G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 396 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 408 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 -.535(Display Err)144 420 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C -(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 432 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 456 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 468 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 424.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 436.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F1 .535(Display Err)144 448.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 460.8 R +.661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(interacti)144 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 484.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 496.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 480 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 492 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 504 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 516 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E -F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 528 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 508.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 520.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 532.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 544.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 +E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 +(character speci\214ed by)144 556.8 R F2(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 +(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 540 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F1(*) +3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 568.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 -(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 552 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F1(of) -2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F -.847(end of the v)144 564 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 -E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 576 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 600 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 -(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 +(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 +(substring of the v)144 580.8 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F +F2(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) +-.15 F .846(end of the v)144 592.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 +(and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F +.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 604.8 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 628.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 612 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.045(end of the v)144 640.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 624 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 636 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 648 Q -.2(vo) --.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 672 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 E -F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 E -F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .096(is tak)144 684 R .096 +(of)144 652.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 664.8 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 676.8 Q -.2 +(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 700.8 Q F2(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 +E F1(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F2(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) +2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 712.8 R .095 (en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .095(luates to).25 F 1.321 -(the last positional parameter)144 696 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti)-6.322 -G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if)-3.972 F -F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 +(the last positional parameter)144 724.8 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) +-6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if) +-3.972 F F2(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(zero.)144 84 Q(If) +144 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514 +(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 (rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) -3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 96 R 1.081 +3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 120 R 1.082 (ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 -E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F -1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08 -(than the maximum inde)144 108 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1 -(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F -(number less than zero.)144 120 Q(Substring e)144 144 Q -(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 168 R -1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ -which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 180 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F -2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.806 E F0 .306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E -(to the list.)144 192 Q(${)108 208.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 -(*)A F0(})A(${)108 220.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 -.084(Names matching pr)144 232.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) --2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 244.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F -.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 256.8 Q +E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F +1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 +(than the maximum inde)144 132 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 +(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 +(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) +3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) +144 144 Q(Substring e)144 168 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931 +(Substring inde)144 192 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positiona\ +l parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 204 Q .306 +(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .307(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E +(to the list.)144 216 Q(${)108 232.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 +(*)A F0(})A(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 +.085(Names matching pr)144 256.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) +-2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 268.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F +.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 280.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -273.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 297.6 R(eys) +297.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(!)A F1 +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 321.6 R(eys) -.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) 4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.596(assigned in)144 309.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1 -(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 321.6 Q F0 +.595(assigned in)144 333.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 +(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 345.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -338.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 350.4 S .47 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -362.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +362.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 374.4 S .471 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 +(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) +2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 386.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) +3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 -(array name subscripted by)144 374.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) +6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +(array name subscripted by)144 398.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 386.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 -(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 398.4 R 1.272 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 410.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 439.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 451.2 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 410.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 +(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 422.4 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 434.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 451.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 463.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 475.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.151(name e)144 463.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 +.152(name e)144 487.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152 -(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 475.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 +(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 499.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) -.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2 (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) -144 487.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) +144 511.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) .74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo) -144 499.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 +F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) +144 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 511.2 R -(If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 535.2 R +(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 523.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 540 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 552 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 564 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H -.147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1 -(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 576 +2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 547.2 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 564 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 576 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 588 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H +.146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1 +(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 600 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 588 R .226 +G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 612 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 600 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 624 S F2 +(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 -2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 612 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.941 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 +2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 636 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 (lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 624 R(If) -5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E -F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 -G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 636 -Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 652.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 664.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 -E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 +-2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 648 R(If) +5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E +F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G +(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 660 +Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 676.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 688.8 +S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 +E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 676.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 -(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 688.8 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) --5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) -2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 -.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 -(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 700.8 R -(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) -3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 -F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 712.8 S .621 -(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 -(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 -3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F -.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 724.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) -3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) -3.754 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(22)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(sion.)144 700.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 +(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 712.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 +E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 +2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 +(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 +(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 724.8 R +(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 +F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.732(omitted. If) -144 84 R(the)2.732 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocasematch)2.732 E F0 .231 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.732 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .231(rd to the).05 F .187(case of alphabetic characters.)144 -96 R(If)5.187 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -3.417 E F1(@)2.687 E F0(or)2.687 E F1(*)2.688 E F0 2.688(,t)C .188 -(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.688 F .446 -(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 108 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.445 E F2(par)4.195 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .445(is an array v)3.675 F(ari-)-.25 E .462 -(able subscripted with)144 120 R F1(@)2.962 E F0(or)2.962 E F1(*)2.962 E -F0 2.962(,t)C .463 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S +.62(lue of).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.12 E F0 3.12(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621 +(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621(xpanded v)-.15 F .621 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 96 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E +F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of)3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 +E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/)3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E +(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be)3.753 F 2.731 +(omitted. If)144 108 R(the)2.731 E F2(nocasematch)2.731 E F0 .231 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188(case of alphabetic characters.)144 +120 R(If)5.188 E F1(par)3.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.418 E F2(@)2.688 E +F0(or)2.688 E F2(*)2.687 E F0 2.687(,t)C .187 +(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F .445 +(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 132 R .446 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F1(par)4.196 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 +(able subscripted with)144 144 R F2(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F2(*)2.963 E +F0 2.963(,t)C .462 (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.962 F(turn, and the e)144 132 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 -E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${) -108 160.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 -172.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 184.8 Q -F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .438 -(Case modi\214cation)144 196.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 -(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F2(pattern)144 208.8 Q -F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 220.8 -S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 +-2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 156 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 +E(${)108 172.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${) +108 184.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 +196.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 208.8 Q +F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437 +(Case modi\214cation)144 220.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 232.8 Q +F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 244.8 +S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F -5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F1(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 244.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F -F2(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F1(,)3.11 E F0 .61 +5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F +-.15(ve)144 268.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.547(letters to lo)144 256.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)4.047 E -F0(and)4.047 E F1(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F +1.548(letters to lo)144 280.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 268.8 S .634(lue; the).25 F F1(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 -E F1(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)144 280.8 Q F0 .78 -(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C +-.15 E -.25(va)144 292.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 +E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 304.8 Q F0 .78 +(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F2(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F1(@)3.28 -E F0(or)3.28 E F1(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 292.8 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 304.8 R(If)5.468 E F2 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 +E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 316.8 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 328.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.969 E -F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 316.8 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 333.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 345.6 S .86 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E +F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 340.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 357.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 369.6 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 357.6 R F2 -(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 -E F2(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -369.6 Q F1(Q)144 393.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 393.6 R 1.065 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 405.6 Q F1(E)144 417.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 417.6 R -.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 -F -.15(ex)180 429.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E -F0(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F1(P)144 441.6 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 441.6 R +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 381.6 R F1 +(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 +E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 +393.6 Q F2(Q)144 417.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 417.6 R 1.064 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 429.6 Q F2(E)144 441.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 441.6 R +.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F +-.15(ex)180 453.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 465.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 465.6 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 -(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 453.6 Q F1(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 465.6 Q F0 1.137 -(The e)180 465.6 R 1.138 +(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 477.6 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 489.6 Q F0 1.138 +(The e)180 489.6 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 477.6 Q --.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(a)144 489.6 Q F0 -(The e)180 489.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E -(alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 506.4 Q F2(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.811 E F1(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F1(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 501.6 Q +-.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 513.6 Q F0 +(The e)180 513.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 530.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.081 F -.15(ex)144 518.4 S .346(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.346 E F2(par)4.096 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.576 F -.347(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F1(*) -2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .347(he case)-2.847 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ -ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 530.4 -R 1.203(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 542.4 Q 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 566.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 578.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 595.2 Q F2 -1.698(Command substitution)108 607.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 619.2 Q F1($\()144 636 Q F2 -(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 648 Q F1<92>144 660 Q F2(command)A F1 -<92>A(Bash)108 676.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 -.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +-4.08 F -.15(ex)144 542.4 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.347 E F1(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F +.346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F2(*) +2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ +ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 554.4 +R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 566.4 Q 1.85 +(The result of the e)144 590.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) +-.15 F(belo)144 602.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 619.2 +Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 631.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 643.2 Q F2($\()144 660 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 672 Q F2<92>144 684 Q F1(command)A F2 +<92>A(Bash)108 700.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 688.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) -108 700.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +108 712.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) +108 724.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) -2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 712.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 -G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 -(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 729.6 R(xcept)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(23)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le) +2.691 E F2(\))A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(23) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .314(when follo) -108 84 R .314(wed by)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ -e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 96 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 108 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 124.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(can be replaced by the equi)108 84 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f) +-.2 E(aster)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\(<)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(\214le)2.5 E F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form \ +of substitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 +100.8 R(xcept)-.15 E .315(when follo)108 112.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1 +($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E +F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash ter\ +minates the command sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 124.8 R +1.386(using the $\()3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 136.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 153.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 136.8 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 153.6 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 165.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 182.4 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 194.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 165.6 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 182.4 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 194.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 211.2 Q F0 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 223.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 206.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 223.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 240 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 252 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 235.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 252 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 268.8 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 280.8 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 264 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F 1.059 -(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059(xpression to be e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)108 276 S -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 292.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F -3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 304.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) -2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E F1(Pr)87 321.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 333.6 Q .405 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F -2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 +(tution, and quote remo)108 292.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 304.8 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 321.6 +R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 333.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 350.4 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 362.4 Q .405(ocess substitution) +-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 345.6 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 374.4 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 357.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 369.6 R .559 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 386.4 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 398.4 R .56 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 381.6 Q .309 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 410.4 Q .308 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 393.6 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 422.4 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 410.4 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 439.2 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 422.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 439.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 451.2 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 463.2 Q +h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 451.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 468 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 480 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 492 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 480 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 508.8 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 492 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 504 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F1()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 516 R .345 +108 520.8 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 532.8 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F1()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 +()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 544.8 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 528 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 E -F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 556.8 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -540 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 E -F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 -F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92(ter is in the v) -108 552 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E -F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 -(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS) -3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429(along with an)108 564 R 2.928(ya) --.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +568.8 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 +E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 +(ter is in the v)108 580.8 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) +3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) +3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 592.8 +R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace charac-)2.678 -F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 576 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G -(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 592.8 R 1.927 +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 604.8 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 +G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 621.6 R 1.927 (guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 604.8 R .485 +6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 633.6 R .484 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 -G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 -E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 616.8 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 628.8 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S .175 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 +G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 +E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 645.6 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 +(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 657.6 R .724 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 669.6 S .176 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F52.676 -E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 -652.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -669.6 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 -686.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 698.4 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 710.4 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 722.4 R -F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F52.675 +E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +681.6 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 +698.4 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .008 -(are found, and the shell option)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 -.009(option is)2.509 F .443(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 96 -R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1 -(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 96 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 108 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677 +(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 120 R +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G +(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo)2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562 +(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009(are found, and the shell option) +108 132 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008 +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 +.008(option is)2.508 F .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 144 +R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1 +(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F -F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 120 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 -(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 132 R .377 +156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F +F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 +(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 180 R .378 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .579(matched e)108 144 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.079(,u)-.65 G .579(nless the shell option)-3.079 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E -F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .578 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.788(must al)108 -156 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 192 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E +F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 +204 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) -.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) -6.788 F 6.789(.S)-.65 G 1.789(ee the)-6.789 F .166(description of)108 -168 R F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(belo)2.666 E 2.666(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.666 E/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF .166(SHELL B)2.666 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0 .165(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.665 E -F0(,)A F1(null-)2.665 E(glob)108 180 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 196.8 Q -F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.785 E F0 .285(shell v)2.535 F .285 +6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 +216 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E F3 +.165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .166 +(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(null-) +2.666 E(glob)108 228 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 +(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 244.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) +2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 -F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.786 E F0 5.286(.I).24 G(f)-5.286 E -F2(GLO-)2.786 E(BIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214\ -lename that also matches one of the patterns in)4.566 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) -4.816 E F0(is)4.565 E(remo)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G -1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 -(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F -1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 232.8 Q F0 .147 -(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F +F F2(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E F3(GLO-)2.785 E +(BIGNORE)108 256.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214lename that als\ +o matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.816 E F0(is) +4.566 E(remo)108 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 +(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) +3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 280.8 Q F0 .146 +(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 -244.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 +(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 +292.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 256.8 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) +-.25 F .682(enabling the)108 304.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 268.8 Q -1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 316.8 Q +1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0(The)108 280.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632 -(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 -(is unset.)2.882 F .631(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 -F(the)108 292.8 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 -309.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 326.4 Q 3.138 +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 +(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F0(The)108 328.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 +(option is disabled when)3.131 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 +(is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 +F(the)108 340.8 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 +357.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 374.4 Q 3.138 (yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H -(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 338.4 R 1.12 +(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 386.4 R 1.12 (NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 (ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 350.4 R .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 398.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 362.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 379.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 396 Q F0 .377(Matches an) -180 396 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 -(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 408 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 410.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 444 Q F0 .376(Matches an) +180 444 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 456 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) -.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ - or more directories and subdirectories.)180 420 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 432 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 468 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 480 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G (djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 444 Q F0 -(Matches an)180 444 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 456 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 456 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 468 R F3 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 492 Q F0 +(Matches an)180 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +([...])144 504 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 504 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 516 R F2 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G -.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 -G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 492 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F1 -([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 -(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 504 R .895 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 516 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) -2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 528 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 540 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G +.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 528 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 +G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) +6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 540 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 +([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 +(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 552 R .894 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) +180 564 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F3(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 576 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 588 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 552 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 564 Q -.4(Wi)180 -582 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F3 -.15 -(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F3(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F3(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 594 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 606 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 618 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 630 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 -G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 -(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 642 Q -.4(Wi) -180 660 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 -(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F3 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F3(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 672 R -(the character)180 684 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 702 S(thin).4 E F1 -([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 -E F3(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F3(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 718.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -730.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 -(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +180 600 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 612 Q -.4(Wi)180 +630 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch) +3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 642 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 654 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 666 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.289(Ac)180 678 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 690 Q -.4(Wi) +180 708 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 720 R +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)108 84 -Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(?\()144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 156 Q F2(pattern-list).833 -E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 168 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 180 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 192 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 204 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 216 Q(ything e)-.15 -E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E -F1(Quote Remo)87 232.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 -(After the preceding e)108 244.8 R 1.112 -(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 256.8 Q .3 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the character)180 +84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 102 S(thin).4 E +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.)2.5 E F1(symbol)A F2(.])A F0 +(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F1(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the) +108 118.8 R F2(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 +130.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F1 +(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.756 E +F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) +108 142.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 166.8 Q F1 +(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 178.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 190.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 202.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 214.8 Q F1 +(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 226.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 238.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 250.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 262.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 274.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(Quote Remo)87 291.6 +Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 303.6 R 1.113 +(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F2(\\) +3.613 E F0(,)A F2<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F2(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 315.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 273.6 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 285.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 332.4 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 344.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F1 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 297.6 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 356.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 309.6 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ -the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 -(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 321.6 R -.15 +-.25 F(dif)108 368.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ + the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 +(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 380.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -333.6 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 345.6 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 +392.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F1 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F1(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G +.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 404.4 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 362.4 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) -108 374.4 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 421.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) +108 433.2 R F1(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 386.4 -S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 398.4 Q -F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 -415.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ -ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 -(ion operator is)108 427.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 445.2 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +F1(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F1(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 457.2 Q +F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 +474 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitte\ +d, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 +(ion operator is)108 486 R F2(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 439.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 498 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 456 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 468 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 480 R -.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 514.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 526.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 538.8 R +.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 508.8 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 525.6 Q F1(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 542.4 -Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -559.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 576 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E -F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 550.8 S(rd,).1 E F2 +(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 567.6 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 584.4 Q F2(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 601.2 +Q F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 618 +Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 634.8 R F1(dirlist)3.027 +E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 588 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 -(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 604.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 616.8 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +(output before the standard output w)108 646.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 663.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 675.6 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F2(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 628.8 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 645.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 657.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 669.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 681.6 Q F1(/de)144 693.6 Q -(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 705.6 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(26)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 687.6 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(/de)144 704.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F1(fd)A F0(If)180 716.4 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(26) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/) -A F2(port)A F0(If)180 120 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 132 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -144 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 156 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) +-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q +(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 +168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 168 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -184.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 201.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 213.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -230.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 242.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 254.4 Q F2 +108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 271.2 Q([)144 288 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 304.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 316.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 328.8 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 340.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +-.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 357.6 Q([)144 374.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 403.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -427.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -444 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 456 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 468 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -480 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 496.8 Q([)144 513.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 530.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 542.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -554.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 571.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 588 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 600 Q F1(>&)144 612 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 628.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 645.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 662.4 R F2(wor) +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 674.4 Q +-.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 691.2 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 703.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ -\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) --.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -715.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 84 -Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&>>)144 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108 117.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) -.25 E F1(>>)144 134.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(\(see)108 151.2 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 168 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This \ -type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current \ -source until a line containing only)108 180 R F2(delimiter)108.35 192 Q -F0 .614(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) +-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ +utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ +scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) +108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E +F0(.).77 E +(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 +124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ +ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ +a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 204 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2 -(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 220.8 Q([)144 237.6 Q F2(n)A F0(]) -A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 249.6 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 261.6 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 -278.4 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) +A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 -290.4 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 +331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 302.4 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 314.4 R 2.59 +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 326.4 Q F1(\\)2.5 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 343.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 -(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 355.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 -(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) +C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ + the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G +(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 372 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(Av)108 384 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)144 -400.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 417.6 Q F2 -(wor)2.893 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394 -(ariable e)-.25 F .394(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.148 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 429.6 R 2.148(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q +F2(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 +(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 +(tution, arithmetic e)108 470.4 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.147(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -2.812(formed. The)108 441.6 R .313 -(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.812 F .313 +(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E +2.813(formed. The)108 482.4 R .313 +(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 (wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F -(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 453.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n) +(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n) 2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 -470.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 516 R(If)5.127 E F2 -(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(]) +A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -528 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 540 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)2.99 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 2.649 -<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.) -2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 552 Q -(The operator)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R -(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 614.4 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 626.4 R F2(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F12.754 E +568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q +(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F12.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 638.4 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 650.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 667.2 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([) -144 696 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 712.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2 -(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 -3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 -.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 724.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 -(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Similarly)108 84 Q -2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F1(digit)A F2 -A F0(mo)108 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286 -(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 .286 -(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt) --2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1 -(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 129.6 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 146.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 158.4 Q([)144 175.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) -A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -192 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) +108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 +(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 +(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) +-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 +(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) +144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 192 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 +(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 +2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) +A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +266.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 204 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 220.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 232.8 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 244.8 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 256.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 268.8 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 280.8 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 292.8 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 304.8 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 316.8 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 328.8 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 340.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 357.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 374.4 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 386.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 403.2 R 1.22 +108 460.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 477.6 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 415.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -432 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1(wa) --.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 +(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 456 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 530.4 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 468 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G -1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 480 R .277 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 +G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699 -(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is\ - e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 504 R .613 +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F +.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .612 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 516 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 590.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 -528 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 544.8 S -2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 +S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 561.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 573.6 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.468(As)108 648 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 585.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 609.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 660 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 633.6 -R F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 708 R +F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) +-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 -(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 674.4 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 686.4 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 -(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 698.4 R F4(declar) -2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 710.4 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 722.4 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) +142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -1.11(Va)108 84 S -.656(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 -F(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v) -108 96 Q(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.) --.55 E(The)108 112.8 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.25 +(All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25 +(cution en).15 F 1.25 +(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F +1.214(these e)108 96 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(DEB)3.714 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 +E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 108 S +(IL).09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar)2.92 +E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F +F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 132 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .655 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 172.8 Q +(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E +(The)108 189.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 141.6 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 218.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 153.6 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 230.4 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 165.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 242.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 177.6 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 254.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 194.4 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 206.4 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 271.2 R F2 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 283.2 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 218.4 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 230.4 R -1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.798 E -F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 -(deleted using the)108 242.4 R F12.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 -F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) --.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) -108 254.4 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G -3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 266.4 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 -(Functions may be recursi)108 283.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) --5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +.327(\214le and line number)108 295.2 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 307.2 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 +(deleted using the)108 319.2 R F22.661 E F0 .161(option to the) +2.661 F F2(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 +F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 +331.2 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 343.2 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 +(Functions may be recursi)108 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 295.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 307.2 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -324 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo) -108 336 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G 2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F -F1(let)4.798 E F0(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 348 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.684 G .183(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183 -(compound command, and)2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 -2.683(\). Ev)B .183(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 360 Q 1.057 -(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 372 R(vity)-.25 E +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 384 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 +400.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 +(The shell allo)108 412.8 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.797 E F0 +(and)4.797 E F2(declar)108 424.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 +(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) +2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 436.8 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F +1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 448.8 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F -(lo)108 384 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 396 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 -412.8 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 424.8 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 436.8 Q F3(id) -A F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 448.8 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 460.8 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 460.8 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 472.8 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 472.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -484.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 484.8 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 496.8 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 496.8 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> -108 508.8 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 508.8 Q F1(<< >>)108 520.8 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 520.8 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 532.8 Q F0 -(comparison)144 544.8 Q F1(== !=)108 556.8 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 556.8 Q F1(&)108 568.8 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 568.8 Q F1(^)108 580.8 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 580.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) -108 592.8 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 592.8 Q F1(&&)108 604.8 Q F0(logical AND) -144 604.8 Q F1(||)108 616.8 Q F0(logical OR)144 616.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 -628.8 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 640.8 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 652.8 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G -2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 664.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 676.8 S -(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 688.8 Q .68 -(Shell v)108 705.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 -(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 -(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 717.6 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 -(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 729.6 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G -1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F +(lo)108 460.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) +5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 472.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +489.6 Q F2(++)A F4(id)2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 501.6 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 513.6 Q F4(id) +A F22.5 E F4(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 525.6 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 537.6 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 537.6 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 549.6 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 549.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +561.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 561.6 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 573.6 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 573.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> +108 585.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 585.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 597.6 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 597.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 609.6 Q F0 +(comparison)144 621.6 Q F2(== !=)108 633.6 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 633.6 Q F2(&)108 645.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 645.6 Q F2(^)108 657.6 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 657.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) +108 669.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 669.6 Q F2(&&)108 681.6 Q F0(logical AND) +144 681.6 Q F2(||)108 693.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 693.6 Q F4 -.2(ex)108 +705.6 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) +142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 84 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 96 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) --3.889 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 -(attrib)3.889 E 1.389(ute using)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)3.889 -E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is)3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 108 R -2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332 -(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 -E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F -(to be used in an e)108 120 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 136.8 -R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 148.8 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 -(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) -2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 160.8 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 -172.8 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 -(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 -(@, and _, in that order)108 184.8 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) -3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF 2.5(=*)108 84 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad> +-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 96 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 108 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 120 Q .68(Shell v)108 136.8 R .68 +(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 148.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 172.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 184.8 R 1.389 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 +E F2(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 +F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 +(assigned a v)108 196.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 +(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G +.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 +H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 +(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 208.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 +225.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F +(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 237.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 +G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2 +(base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 249.6 R F2(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F2(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 +261.6 R F2(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 +(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 +(@, and _, in that order)108 273.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F2(base) +3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 196.8 Q -.234(Operators are e)108 213.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 285.6 Q +.235(Operators are e)108 302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 225.6 S +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 314.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 242.4 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 254.4 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 266.4 R .77 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 331.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 343.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F +.77(\214le attrib)108 355.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 278.4 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 367.2 R F1(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 (handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 (ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 (re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 -(the operating system on which)108 290.4 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 +(the operating system on which)108 379.2 R F1(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 (is running pro)2.693 F .193 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F -.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 302.4 R .589 -(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 314.4 Q -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F1(n) -2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 +.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 391.2 R .589 +(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)108 403.2 Q +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.917(,t)C .417(hen \214le descriptor)-2.917 F F2(n) +2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F2 (\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 326.4 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)2.916 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)108 415.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 (/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 343.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 355.2 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 373.2 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 -E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -385.2 Q F2108 409.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S -(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 -421.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 -433.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2 -108 445.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 445.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 -108 457.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 469.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 481.2 -Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 493.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 493.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 505.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F2108 517.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -517.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 529.2 Q F1(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 541.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 541.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 553.2 Q F1(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 553.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 565.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 565.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2108 -577.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 577.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 589.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 589.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 -601.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 601.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 613.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 613.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 625.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 625.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F2 -108 637.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 637.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 649.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 649.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 661.2 Q F2 -(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 673.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 685.2 Q F02.5 E F2 -(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 697.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 -E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +108 432 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 444 Q +1.096(When used with)108 462 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E +F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +474 Q F1108 498 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 498 S(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 510 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 522 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 522 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 534 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 546 Q +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 546 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 558 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +558 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 +E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 570 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +570 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 582 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 582 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 594 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 594 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) +-2.5 E F1108 606 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 606 S(ue if).35 +E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F1108 618 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 618 S(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 +630 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 630 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1 +108 642 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 642 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 654 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 654 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1 +108 666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 666 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 678 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 678 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 +690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 690 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 702 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 714 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le1)108 84 Q F02.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E -F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 -E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -(does not.)2.5 E F2108 108 Q F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S -.263(ue if the shell option).35 F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262 -(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 -(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 132 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 144 Q F1(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 156 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname)2.79 -E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F2108 -168 Q F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if the shell v).35 E -(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F2108 192 Q F1(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S -(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F1(string) -108 216 Q F2108 228 Q F1(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S -(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1 -(string1)108 256.8 Q F2(==)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 268.8 Q F2 -(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 280.8 S .861 -(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -292.8 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 304.8 Q F0(\).)A F1 -(string1)108 321.6 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 333.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 350.4 Q F2(<)2.5 -E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 362.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E -F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 379.2 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 391.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 -408 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 420 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 432 R -F1(ar)144 444 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) -.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 +S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E +(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1 +108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2 +(\214le1)108 108 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S +(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1) +108 132 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S +(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E +(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q +F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 +(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 180 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 192 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E +F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 204 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 216 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 +240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) +2.68 E F1108 264 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S +(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) +108 288 Q F1108 300 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S +(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 +(string1)108 328.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 340.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 352.8 S .862 +(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 +364.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 376.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 393.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 405.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 422.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 434.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 451.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 463.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 +480 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 492 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A +F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 +(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 +(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 504 R +F2(ar)144 516 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) +.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 (eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 460.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 -.613(When a simple command is e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 532.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.614(When a simple command is e)108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 484.8 Q(1.)108 501.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 501.6 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +108 556.8 Q(1.)108 573.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 573.6 R 1.848 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 530.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 530.4 R -1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -542.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 602.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 602.4 R +1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +614.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 554.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 571.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 626.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 643.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 643.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 588 Q .716(The te)144 588 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +108 660 Q .717(The te)144 660 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 600 R .339 +.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 672 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 612 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 628.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 684 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 700.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 640.8 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 712.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 652.8 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 664.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 681.6 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 693.6 -Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 710.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -722.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) -142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 724.8 +R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .466(is the e)108 -84 R .466(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F -.467(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 -96 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 112.8 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 124.8 R .546 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the command e)108 +84 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 100.8 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 +(vironment. 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A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 -230.4 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F -.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 242.4 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 254.4 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 -(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 266.4 R .775 +(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E +4.414(w\). 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Unless)-.25 F -.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E -(33)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 E F0<83>108 705.6 Q(options enabled by)144 705.6 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(33)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q 1.056 -(the shell')144 84 R 3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F -3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q +(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E +F0<83>108 100.8 Q -.25(va)144 100.8 S +(rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E +(alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 117.6 R .427 +(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 129.6 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +(vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. 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Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 256.8 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 268.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -285.6 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 331.2 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 343.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +360 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent) -3.877 F 2.5(shell. When)108 297.6 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 -314.4 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404 -(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404 -(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 -(is the empty \214le)108 326.4 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 -(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) -.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) --2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 338.4 Q/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 355.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354 -(When a program is in)108 367.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G -4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) -.25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en) -4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353 -(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 379.2 Q F0A F2(value)A F0 -(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E -1.485(The shell pro)108 396 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485 -(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On) --.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F -(wn)-.25 E(en)108 408 Q .144(vironment and creates a parameter for each\ - name found, automatically marking it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port) -.2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F 2.703(cesses. Ex)108 420 R .203 -(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1 -(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x) --2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E -1.153(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 432 -R 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 444 Q .64 +F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 372 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 +E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 388.8 R +.404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) +2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 +400.8 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 +(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F +(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 412.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ENVIR)72 429.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 441.6 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) +-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 +(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 453.6 Q +F0A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 470.4 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 482.4 Q .144(viron\ +ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ + it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 494.4 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 506.4 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 518.4 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 456 R -3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58(cuted command consists of the shell') -.15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F -.58(alues may be)-.25 F .3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 468 R -2.8(yp)-.15 G .3(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt) --2.8 G(he)-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F -2.801(ya)-.15 G .301(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and) -2.801 E F1(declar)108 480 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E -.563(The en)108 496.8 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563 -(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 530.4 +R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 +(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 542.4 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) +-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 +554.4 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 +571.2 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command) +3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 508.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 520.8 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 537.6 R F1 -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 549.6 Q +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 583.2 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) +-.25 F(en)108 595.2 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) +108 612 R F13.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) +3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F +F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) +108 624 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 566.4 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-.4 E(When)108 640.8 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 578.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 595.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 607.2 R -.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 619.2 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F -.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 631.2 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G -.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 +(passed to that command in its en)108 652.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F4 +(EXIT ST)72 669.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 681.6 R +.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) +.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F3(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 693.6 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 705.6 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -643.2 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 660 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 672 R 2.549(An) -5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 684 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 700.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 712.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 729.6 -Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E -(xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +717.6 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .081(Shell b)108 -84 R .081(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08 -(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa) --2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F(the)108 96 Q 2.967 -(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.967 G .467 -(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S +3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 96 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. 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See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 153.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 165.6 Q F2 -(bash)3.182 E F0 .682(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G -3.182(nt)-3.182 G .682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 -(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683 -(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .683(kill 0)3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 -F(interacti)108 177.6 Q .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4 -(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F2 -(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457 -(In all cases,)5.457 F F2(bash)108 189.6 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 -E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 240 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 252 Q F2 +(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G +3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 +(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 +(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 +F(interacti)108 264 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 +(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 +(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 +(In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 276 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E +(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E (fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 (SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 -(Non-b)108 206.4 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.564 E F0 -(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 -F 1.065(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When) -108 218.4 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 230.4 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 242.4 Q F4 +(Non-b)108 292.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 +(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 +F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) +108 304.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 316.8 R .653 +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 328.8 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 259.2 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 345.6 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 271.2 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 283.2 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 295.2 R F2(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 307.2 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 324 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 357.6 Q F0 +1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 369.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 381.6 R F2(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 +(SIGHUP)108 393.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 410.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -336 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 352.8 Q F2(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +422.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 439.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 364.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 451.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 376.8 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +(via the)108 463.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 388.8 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 475.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 405.6 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 -(Jo)108 417.6 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 -(refers to the ability to 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2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 458.4 R F1(job) -5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 470.4 R F2 -(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F2(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F1(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 482.4 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 499.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 528 Q(ernel')-.1 E +2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E +F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 544.8 R F1(job) +5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 556.8 R F2 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 568.8 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 585.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 516 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 528 R .733 +ociated)108 602.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 614.4 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.732 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 540 Q F1(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 -(To f)108 556.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.87(notion of a)108 568.8 R F1(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 626.4 Q F1(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 +(To f)108 643.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.871(notion of a)108 655.2 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -580.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 592.8 Q -F5(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F1(for) -3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.927 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 -F .146(group ID dif)108 604.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 616.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +667.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 679.2 Q +F5(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for) +3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 +F .145(group ID dif)108 691.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 703.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 628.8 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F -.717(terminal are sent a)108 640.8 R F4 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 -G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 652.8 Q 1.088 -(If the operating system on which)108 669.6 R F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 -(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 681.6 S -.301(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) -3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 -(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 693.6 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 -7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ -mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -705.6 R(to)108 717.6 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 -(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 -(background, the)108 729.6 R F2(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F2(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F2(^Z) -3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 715.2 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F +2.098(terminal are sent a)108 727.2 R F4 2.098(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.598 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 2.098(signal by the k)4.348 F(ernel')-.1 E 4.598(st) +-.55 G 2.098(erminal dri)-4.598 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.898 -.4(r, w).15 H +2.098(hich, unless caught,).4 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) 142.895 E(35)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ef)108 84 Q .949 -(fect immediately)-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948 -(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(suspends the process.)108 84 Q 1.087(If the operating system on which) +108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 112.8 S +.302(ping the).8 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 +(character \(typically)3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 124.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 +136.8 R(to)108 148.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 160.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 172.8 Q .948(fect immediately) +-.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 96 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 112.8 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation) -3.277 F(\()108 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0 3.458 -(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F2(n)3.818 E F0 .957(may be referred to as) -3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +108 184.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 201.6 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 213.6 +Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 136.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 148.8 Q F1(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 -E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 +108 225.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 237.6 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 -(hand, refers to an)108 160.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 249.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 172.8 Q F1 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 261.6 Q F1 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 (he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 184.8 R .495 +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 273.6 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 -(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 196.8 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 -5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E -.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 208.8 R F1 +(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 285.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 297.6 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 -(and the pre)108 220.8 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.911 E F0 -5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 309.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 232.8 Q(.)-.4 E .443 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 249.6 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C -(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -261.6 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F -(equi)108 273.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 290.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 302.4 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G -.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 314.4 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 -(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 -.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -326.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 343.2 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532 -(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 355.2 R F1 -(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 -(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -367.2 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 379.2 R .604 +(rent job)108 321.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 338.4 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +350.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(equi)108 362.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 379.2 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 391.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 403.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 +.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 +415.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 432 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 +(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 444 R F1 +(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +456 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 468 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 391.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 408 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 420 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,) --.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3 -(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .314 -(and the secondary prompt)108 432 R F3(PS2)2.814 E F0 .315 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.564 F F1(Bash)5.315 E -F0(displays)2.815 E F1(PS0)2.815 E F0(after)2.815 E .05 -(it reads a command b)108 444 R .05(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .05 -(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.049 E F0(allo)2.549 E .049 +(and an)108 480 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 496.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 +508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F +F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .315 +(and the secondary prompt)108 520.8 R F3(PS2)2.815 E F0 .315 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.565 F F1(Bash)5.314 E +F0(displays)2.814 E F1(PS0)2.814 E F0(after)2.814 E .049 +(it reads a command b)108 532.8 R .049(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.049(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.049 E F0(allo)2.549 E .05 (ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting)-.25 F 2.5(an)108 -456 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as\ - follo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 468 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 468 Q F1(\\d)144 480 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 480 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 492 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 504 -Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 -1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B -(empty)180 516 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 +544.8 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ +as follo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 556.8 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 556.8 Q F1(\\d)144 568.8 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 568.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 580.8 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 +592.8 Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime) +3.927 E F0 1.427 +(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 +604.8 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 528 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 528 Q F1(\\h)144 540 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 540 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 552 Q F0 -(the hostname)180 552 Q F1(\\j)144 564 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 564 Q F1(\\l)144 -576 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 576 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) --2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 588 Q F0(ne)180 588 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 -(\\r)144 600 Q F0(carriage return)180 600 Q F1(\\s)144 612 Q F0 -(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 612 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 -(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 -624 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 624 Q F1(\\T) -144 636 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 636 Q F1 -(\\@)144 648 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 648 Q F1 -(\\A)144 660 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 660 Q F1 -(\\u)144 672 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 672 Q F1(\\v)144 -684 Q F0(the v)180 684 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 696 Q F0(the release of)180 696 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 708 Q F0 .116(the current w) -180 708 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F3 -($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) --.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 720 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 -E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) -142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 616.8 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 616.8 Q F1(\\h)144 628.8 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 628.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 640.8 +Q F0(the hostname)180 640.8 Q F1(\\j)144 652.8 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 652.8 Q F1(\\l) +144 664.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 664.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 676.8 Q F0(ne)180 676.8 Q +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 688.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 688.8 Q F1(\\s) +144 700.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 700.8 Q F1($0) +2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 +(\\t)144 712.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 +712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\W)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 84 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 96 Q -F0(the history number of this command)180 96 Q F1(\\#)144 108 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 108 Q F1(\\$)144 120 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 120 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 132 Q/F3 10 +SF(\\T)144 84 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 84 Q +F1(\\@)144 96 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 96 Q F1 +(\\A)144 108 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 108 Q F1 +(\\u)144 120 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 120 Q F1(\\v)144 +132 Q F0(the v)180 132 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 144 Q F0(the release of)180 144 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 156 Q F0 .115(the current w) +180 156 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) +180 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E +F1(\\W)144 180 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 180 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 +(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 192 Q F0 +(the history number of this command)180 192 Q F1(\\#)144 204 Q F0 +(the command number of this command)180 204 Q F1(\\$)144 216 Q F0 +(if the ef)180 216 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E +F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 228 Q/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 132 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 144 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 144 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 156 Q -F0(be)180 156 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ +(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 228 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E +F1(\\\\)144 240 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 240 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 252 Q +F0(be)180 252 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 168 Q F1(\\])144 180 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 180 Q .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 196.8 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ -on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ -story \214le \(see)108 208.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 220.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 232.8 R +(control sequence into the prompt)180 264 Q F1(\\])144 276 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 276 Q .119 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 292.8 R +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 304.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 316.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 328.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 244.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 340.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 256.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(description of the)108 352.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 273.6 Q F0 .15 +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 369.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 285.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 297.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F --.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 309.6 Q .851 +108 381.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 393.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 405.6 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 321.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 417.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 333.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 429.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 345.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 362.4 Q +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E +(emacs)108 441.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 458.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 374.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +108 470.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 386.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 398.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 410.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 482.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 494.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 506.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 518.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E -(ho)108 451.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) +108 547.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 463.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 559.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 475.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 571.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 492 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 588 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 504 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 600 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 516 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 612 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 528 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 544.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 556.8 -R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 568.8 R .196(en from the v) +108 624 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 640.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 652.8 +R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 664.8 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 580.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 592.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) -6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 -(lines are ignored.)108 604.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +nd the k)108 676.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 688.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +(lines are ignored.)108 700.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 616.8 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 712.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 633.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 729.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 645.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 662.4 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 679.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 691.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 715.2 -Q F3(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F3 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.261(The follo) -108 84 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E -F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1 -(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 96 Q -F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 -2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 112.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 -(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 124.8 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 141.6 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 153.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 -(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 165.6 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) --.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 -177.6 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 -(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) -3.353 E F1(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 189.6 Q .16 -(When using the form)108 206.4 R F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 --.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 218.4 R(or e) --.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 254.4 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 266.4 Q .699 -(In the abo)108 283.2 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) -3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) --.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 295.2 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 -(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(add their o)108 84 +Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 100.8 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 129.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 153.6 +Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G +(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) +-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 170.4 R 1.261 +(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G +(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 +E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E +F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 182.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 +(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G +(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 +199.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G +2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) +-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 211.2 Q F1(macr) +2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 228 Q +(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 240 R .666 +-.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 +.366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 +(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) +108 252 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 +(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) +5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 264 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 +(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) +3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 276 Q .161(When using the form)108 292.8 R F2 +-.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 +E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 +(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) +.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 304.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) +144 328.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 340.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 352.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 369.6 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 381.6 Q F2 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 +(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -307.2 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 324 R F2("k)2.556 E -(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) -2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 336 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may\ - be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 348 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 -(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 360 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 396 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 424.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +393.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 410.4 R F2("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 422.4 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 434.4 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 446.4 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 482.4 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 511.2 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 436.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 523.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 453.6 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 465.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 465.6 Q F2<5c4dad>144 477.6 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 477.6 Q F2(\\e)144 489.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 489.6 Q F2(\\\\)144 501.6 Q F0(backslash)180 -501.6 Q F2(\\")144 513.6 Q F0(literal ")180 513.6 Q F2<5c08>144 525.6 Q -F0(literal \010)180 525.6 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 542.4 Q -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 554.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 554.4 Q F2(\\b) -144 566.4 Q F0(backspace)180 566.4 Q F2(\\d)144 578.4 Q F0(delete)180 -578.4 Q F2(\\f)144 590.4 Q F0(form feed)180 590.4 Q F2(\\n)144 602.4 Q -F0(ne)180 602.4 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 614.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 -614.4 Q F2(\\t)144 626.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 626.4 Q F2(\\v)144 -638.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 638.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 650.4 Q F1 -(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 650.4 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 662.4 Q F1(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 662.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 -679.2 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 691.2 R .089 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 -F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) --.15 G(are e)108 703.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. 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Backslash)-.15 F +(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 165.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E +.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 177.6 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 189.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 112.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 124.8 +(Readline V)87 206.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 218.4 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E -(tr)108 136.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E -F1(set)144 153.6 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79 -(Except where noted, readline v)108 170.4 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F -3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 -(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 182.4 R .448 -(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 194.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 230.4 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 247.2 Q F2 +(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 +264 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) +-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) +108 276 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F +.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 -(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -206.4 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 223.2 Q F0 .011 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 235.2 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 -E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 247.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 -3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 259.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 271.2 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 283.2 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 295.2 Q -.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 +(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +300 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 316.8 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 328.8 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 340.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E +F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 352.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 364.8 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 376.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 388.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 307.2 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 319.2 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 400.8 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 412.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 331.2 Q F1(color)108 343.2 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 424.8 Q F1(color)108 436.8 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 355.2 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +144 448.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.935(completions using a dif)144 367.2 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 379.2 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 391.2 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 403.2 R F1(On)4.08 E -F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 -F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 -415.2 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E -(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 427.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 -E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 439.2 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 451.2 Q F1 +2.936(completions using a dif)144 460.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F +7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 472.8 Q +F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 484.8 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 496.8 R F1(On)4.079 E +F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) +-4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 +(type. The)144 508.8 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) +-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 520.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 532.8 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 544.8 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 -463.2 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ -matches when performing completion.)144 475.2 R .193(The v)144 487.2 R +556.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ +matches when performing completion.)144 568.8 R .194(The v)144 580.8 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 499.2 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 511.2 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 523.2 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 592.8 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 604.8 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 616.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 535.2 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 -547.2 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 628.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 +640.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) 2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F F3A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 -F(\()144 559.2 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) +.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 +F(\()144 652.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 -H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 571.2 Q +H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 664.8 Q (e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 583.2 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 595.2 R 1.275 -(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue are rep\ -laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 619.2 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 631.2 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 643.2 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) -3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 -(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 -655.2 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ -qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 667.2 S .237 -(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) --.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 679.2 Q F1(con)108 -691.2 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 703.2 -R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 715.2 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F3 .541(meta pr)3.041 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 727.2 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F3 -(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F3(Of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +splayed)144 676.8 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 688.8 R 1.274 +(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 700.8 S(lue are rep\ +laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 96 R F1 -(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 120 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 132 S .237 +(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) +-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 144 Q F1(con)108 156 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 168 R F1(On) +3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 180 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 192 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E +(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E +F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 +E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 216 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 108 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 120 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G -1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +144 228 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 240 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 144 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 156 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 168 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 180 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 192 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 -E F0 1.222(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 264 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 276 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 288 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 300 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221 +(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 216 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 -(it had been read from the k)144 228 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 +(paste into the editing b)144 336 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +(it had been read from the k)144 348 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 240 Q F1(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) -3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 372 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) +3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 384 Q F0 .949 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 408 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) -2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 420 R .277(By def)5.278 F -.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 432 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F -3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 -(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 444 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 456 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .948 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) +2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F +.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 +(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 480 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 492 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 504 -Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ + ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 612 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 +Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 528 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) -144 540 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) +144 660 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 -(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 -(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 552 Q F1 -(isear)108 564 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 +(isear)108 684 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 588 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 600 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 612 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 624 -R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 636 R F0 2.568(,a)C -(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 -(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 648 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C -1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) -4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 660 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 672 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ -ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 684 R .292(mode is acti)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.292(.T).15 -G .292(he v)-5.292 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 -(eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 708 -Q .602(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .601 -(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 720 R -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +ental search without subsequently e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the mode string.) -144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke)108 96 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF --.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 120 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 +(Set the current readline k)144 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F +2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 +(map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 108 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 +(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 +(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 144 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ +ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ +iting)144 156 R .293(mode is acti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 +G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 +(eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 180 +Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 +(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ +n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 192 R +(the mode string.)144 204 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 216 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) +.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 228 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G +(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 240 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 132 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 252 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 144 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 264 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 156 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 276 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 168 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 288 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 192 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 204 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 312 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 -228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 336 Q F0(If set to)144 +348 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 240 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 360 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 264 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 384 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 276 Q F0 .192(This v)144 288 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 300 R .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 396 Q F0 .193(This v)144 408 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 420 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 312 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 324 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 432 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 444 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 348 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 360 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 468 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 384 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 504 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 396 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 408 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 420 R F1(On) +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 516 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 528 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 540 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 432 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 444 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 468 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 480 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .699(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +(tions at a time.)144 552 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 564 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 +F(order)144 588 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 600 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .698(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 504 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 624 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 516 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 540 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 636 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 660 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 552 R(bell.)144 564 Q F1 -(sho)108 576 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 588 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 600 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 672 R(bell.)144 684 Q F1 +(sho)108 696 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 708 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 720 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 612 R 3.54 -(yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 624 Q F1 -(sho)108 636 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.018 -(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.518 E F0 3.518(,a)C 1.018 -(dd a character to the be)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 660 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 684 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 696 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 708 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 720 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ore than one possible completion).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 84 Q F0 1.198(This strin\ -g is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt w\ -hen vi editing)144 96 R .522(mode is acti)144 108 R .822 -.15(ve a)-.25 -H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 -F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .821 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .521 -(inding, so the standard).15 F .869(set of meta- and control pre\214x) -144 120 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 -G 3.37(ilable. Use).25 F .87(the \\1 and \\2)3.37 F .387(escapes to be) -144 132 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ -can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 144 Q F1 -(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 156 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.039(without an) +144 84 R 3.539(yp)-.15 G 1.039 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 96 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 108 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 1.019(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 +(dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 +(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 132 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 156 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 168 Q +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 180 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 192 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 204 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 168 R .783(mode is acti)144 180 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 216 R .521(mode is acti)144 228 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 +H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 +F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 +(inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 +240 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) +144 252 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ +can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 264 Q F1 +(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 276 Q F0 1.198(This string\ + is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ +en vi editing)144 288 R .782(mode is acti)144 300 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) -.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H -.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .869 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 192 R .869 -(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.37 -(ilable. Use).25 F .87(the \\1 and \\2)3.37 F .387(escapes to be)144 204 -R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can be u\ -sed to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 216 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 240 R F1(On) +.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 +(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 312 R .869 +(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 +(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 +324 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ +be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 336 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 252 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 268.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 280.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 292.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(when listing possible completions.)144 372 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 388.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 400.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 412.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 321.6 Q F0(The)144 321.6 Q F1($if)2.963 -E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ -he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 -(or the application using readline.)144 333.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 441.6 Q F0(The)144 441.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 453.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 345.6 Q F1(mode)144 362.4 Q F0(The)180 -362.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(are required to isolate it.)144 465.6 Q F1(mode)144 482.4 Q F0(The)180 +482.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 374.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 494.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 386.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 506.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 398.4 -Q F1(term)144 415.2 Q F0(The)180 415.2 Q F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 427.2 R +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 518.4 +Q F1(term)144 535.2 Q F0(The)180 535.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 547.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 439.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 559.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -451.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +571.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 468 Q F0(The)180 480 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 588 Q F0(The)180 600 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -492 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 504 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 516 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +612 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +624 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 636 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 528 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 552 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 564 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 -E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 576 Q F1($endif)180 588 Q -($endif)108 604.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 604.8 Q -(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1($else)108 621.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 621.6 Q -F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 638.4 Q F0 -.357(This directi)144 650.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 -(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 662.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 686.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 703.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 715.2 R .834 -(vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 727.2 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 648 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 672 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 684 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 +E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 696 Q F1($endif)180 708 Q +F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .698 -(Incremental searches be)108 84 R .698 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF($endif)108 84 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 84 Q(vious e) +-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +($else)108 100.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 100.8 Q F1($if) +2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 117.6 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 129.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) +144 141.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 +E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 165.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 +E F1(Sear)87 182.4 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 194.4 R .835 +(vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 206.4 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E +(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 223.2 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 96 R .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 235.2 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 108 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 -(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 120 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(isear)2.724 E -(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 247.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 259.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 132 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 271.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 144 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) -5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ -mes the current line.)108 156 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 172.8 T 1.339(nd \ -other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ - as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 -184.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F -.675(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E -5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 196.8 R .475 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .174 +F .097(mental search.)108 283.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 +(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 295.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 312 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ +trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 324 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 336 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +.174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 208.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 -E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) -108 220.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) -108 237.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 249.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 348 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 360 Q +.653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 376.8 R +.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 388.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 266.4 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 405.6 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 278.4 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 295.2 Q F0 1.392 -(The follo)108 307.2 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 417.6 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 434.4 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 446.4 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 319.2 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 331.2 Q F2(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 343.2 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 458.4 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 470.4 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 482.4 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 360 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 396 Q F0(Mo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 420 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 432 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -444 Q F0(Mo)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F1 -.25(fo)108 468 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 480 -Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 492 Q F1(backward\255w)108 504 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 516 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 499.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 511.2 Q F0(Mo)144 523.2 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 535.2 Q F0(Mo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 +559.2 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 583.2 Q F0(Mo)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 607.2 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 619.2 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 631.2 Q F1(backward\255w)108 643.2 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 528 Q F1(shell\255f)108 540 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 552 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) --.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 564 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 576 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -588 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 600 Q -F1(clear\255scr)108 612 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 624 R .993 -(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G -.993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 636 Q F1 -.18(re)108 648 -S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -660 Q F1(Commands f)87 676.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 688.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 700.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 -(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 712.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F -.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 724.8 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 667.2 Q F1(shell\255f)108 679.2 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 691.2 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 +(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) +-.8 F(ters.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E +(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pr)108 84 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 96 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 E -(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 108 Q -F0(Fetch the ne)144 120 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E -(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 132 Q F0(Mo)144 144 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 156 Q F0(Mo)144 168 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 -G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 -180 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 -(Search backw)144 192 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 204 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 216 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 228 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 -F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 -F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 240 Q F1(non\255incr)108 -252 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 264 R .164(ar\ -d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ -tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 276 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 288 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 300 R -1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ -ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -324 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 336 R .249(a\ -rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ -f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 348 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 360 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 372 R .951(ard through t\ -he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ -t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 384 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) -5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 396 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 -.622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 408 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +SF(shell\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .908 -.15 +(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 +(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 108 Q +F1(clear\255scr)108 120 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 132 R .993 +(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G +.993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 156 +S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 +168 Q F1(Commands f)87 184.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 196.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 208.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 220.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F +.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 232.8 Q F1(pr)108 +244.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 256.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 268.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 292.8 Q F0(Mo)144 304.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 316.8 Q F0(Mo)144 328.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 +(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 +(re v)108 340.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.47(Search backw)144 352.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 +(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 364.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 376.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 388.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 412.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +144 424.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 436.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 448.8 Q +(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 460.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 +472.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 484.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 496.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ + the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F +(and the point.)144 508.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 520.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) +144 532.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 544.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 556.8 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 +568.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 420 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 -(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 -(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 432 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 580.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 +(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 592.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 444 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 456 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 468 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 480 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 492 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 -F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 -E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 504 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 604.8 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 616.8 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 628.8 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 640.8 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 652.8 S .204(th a numeric ar) +.4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F +(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi) +-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar) +2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 664.8 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 516 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 528 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 676.8 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 688.8 R .791 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 540 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 700.8 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -552 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 564 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 576 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 588 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 -(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G -(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 600 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 612 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 624 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 636 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 648 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 660 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 672 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 684 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 696 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +712.8 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 -E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G --1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 120 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1 -(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 132 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F -(history for editing.)144 156 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +SF(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 84 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 96 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 108 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G +(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 120 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 132 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 144 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 156 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 168 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 180 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 192 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 204 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 216 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 228 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 240 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 252 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 264 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 276 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F +(history for editing.)144 300 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 168 Q F0(In)144 -180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 312 Q F0(In)144 +324 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 192 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) --.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 -(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 -E F1(Commands f)87 208.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 -(end\255of\255\214le)108 220.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 232.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 -(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 244.8 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 256.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 268.8 Q F0 .442 -(Delete the character at point.)144 280.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 292.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(attempts to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E +2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 +352.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 364.8 +Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 376.8 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 +(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 388.8 R +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 400.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 412.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 424.8 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 436.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 304.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 316.8 R +108 448.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 460.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 328.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 340.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 352.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 364.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 376.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -388.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 472.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 484.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 496.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 508.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 520.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +532.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 -(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 400.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 412.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 424.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 436.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 448.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 460.8 Q F0 .322 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 472.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 544.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 556.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 568.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 580.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 592.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 604.8 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 616.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -484.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 496.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +628.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 640.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 508.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -520.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 532.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 544.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -556.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 568.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 580.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 592.8 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 616.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 -628.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 640.8 S(rd, b) -.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -652.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 664.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 676.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 688.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) -4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) -4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968 -(mode. In)144 700.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468 -(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 -1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958 -(pushing the te)144 712.8 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 -(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 -.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 724.8 -Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(transpose\255w)108 652.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +664.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 676.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 688.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +700.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 712.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Killing and Y)87 84 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 96 Q -F0(Kill the te)144 108 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 120 Q F0(Kill backw)144 -132 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 144 Q F0(Kill backw)144 156 Q -(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +SF(do)108 84 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 96 Q +1.647(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 120 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 132 +R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 144 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 156 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 168 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 180 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 192 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 204 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 216 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 228 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +244.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 256.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 268.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 280.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 292.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 304.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 316.8 +Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 168 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 328.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -180 Q F1(kill\255w)108 192 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 204 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 216 S +340.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 352.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 364.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 376.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 228 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 240 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 -E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 252 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 264 R -.728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 276 S +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 388.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 400.8 Q(ord behind point.) +-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 412.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 424.8 +R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 436.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 288 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 300 R 3.025 +108 448.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 460.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 312 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 324 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 336 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -348 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 360 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 -372 R .166 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 472.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 484.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 496.8 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +508.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 520.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +144 532.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 384 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 544.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 396 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 408 Q F1(kill\255r)108 420 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 432 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 444 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 456 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 556.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 568.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +580.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 592.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 604.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 616.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 468 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 480 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 492 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 504 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 516 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 528 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 540 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 552 S -(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 564 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 576 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 -(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 592.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 604.8 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 616.8 R .367 -(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 640.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 652.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 -(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 -(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -664.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -676.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) -3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 -(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 688.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 -(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 700.8 R 1.23 -(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 712.8 R .823 -(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 724.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 -E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(46)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(copy\255backward\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.8(yt) +-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E +(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 +652.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 664.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E +(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 676.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 +(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 +E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G +(ward\255w)144 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 700.8 Q +F0 -1(Ya)144 712.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer at point.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(46) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Completing)87 84 Q(complete \(T)108 96 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R 1.137 +SF(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 84 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 112.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 124.8 Q +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 136.8 R .367 +(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 160.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 172.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 +(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 +184.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +196.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 +(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 208.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 220.8 R 1.23 +(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 232.8 R .822 +(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) +87 261.6 Q(complete \(T)108 273.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 285.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 132 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 297.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 309.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w) --.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) -.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 204 Q F0(.)A F1 -(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 228 R F1(complete) -3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 -(possible completions.)144 240 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 321.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 333.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 345.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 357.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 369.6 R .783 +(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +381.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 393.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +405.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F +1.193(possible completions.)144 417.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 429.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 -(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 -(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(\(subject to the setting of)144 441.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F +.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 453.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 288 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 -E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 -312 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +E(through the list.)144 465.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 477.6 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 489.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) -.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) -2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q +(menu\255complete)144 501.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) +.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 513.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 525.6 R +.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 537.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 +(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 549.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 561.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 573.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 585.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 597.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q +(complete\255user)108 609.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 621.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q +108 633.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 645.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q +657.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 +669.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(possible\255v)108 681.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R -.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F -.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 -(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F1(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 -(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 705.6 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214len\ -ame completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed wit\ -hin braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +SF(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 84 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 108 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 132 R +.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F +.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F +(\214nally e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 156 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 180 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F +(for possible completion matches.)144 204 Q F1(dab)108 216 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 228 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 240 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 252 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ +in braces so)144 264 R(the list is a)144 276 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 292.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 316.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 340.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 352.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 364.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 376.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 388.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 400.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108 261.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 -(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -285.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 333.6 Q +(Miscellaneous)87 417.6 Q -.18(re)108 429.6 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 441.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +453.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 465.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 477.6 R +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 489.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 501.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 345.6 R F2(x) -4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 513.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 357.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 369.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q +(uppercase character)144 525.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 537.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 549.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 429.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 561.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 573.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 585.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 597.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 609.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 621.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 633.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 477.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 645.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 657.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 513.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 669.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 681.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 -549.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 705.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +717.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 585.6 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G -3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 633.6 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 -(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15 -(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F -(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ -ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E -5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E -(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -681.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 -(the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321 -(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) -142.895 E(48)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 729.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(48)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin) -144 96 Q F0 .839(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(character\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 +3.544(Ac)144 96 S 1.044(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 108 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 120 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 132 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 144 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ +y characters into the editing b)144 168 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 180 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 +192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .245 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +(the characters at the be)144 228 R .321 +(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 132 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 144 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 300 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 168 R .176 +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 336 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 180 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 204 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 216 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 228 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 240 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 252 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 264 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 276 Q +(ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 288 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 300 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 312 R .304 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 480 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 324 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 336 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 348 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 360 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 528 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 372 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 384 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 396 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 412.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -424.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 436.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 448.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 465.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 -477.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +645.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 489.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 501.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 513.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 657.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 669.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 681.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 525.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 -G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0(option to) -108 537.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 693.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0(option to) +108 705.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 554.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 566.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 583.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 595.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 -(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 607.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 624 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G -1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 636 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 648 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 664.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 676.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 -(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 688.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -700.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -712.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 724.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP + matching w)108 722.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E +(49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 84 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.737 E F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375 -(options is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F -3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 108 Q -F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157 -(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 -5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 120 S .986(hell function is being in) --3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E -(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va) -3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 -(the function or command is in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C -2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) --.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 144 R .263(gument \() --.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w)-2.763 F .264 -(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 156 R .629 -(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 168 R -.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(found, the def)108 +84 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 +(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 100.8 R +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 112.8 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F +(shell v)108 124.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E +F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 141.6 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 +G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 165.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 182.4 Q +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +194.4 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 206.4 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +218.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 +230.4 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 242.4 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 259.2 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 271.2 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 +(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 283.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +295.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 307.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 319.2 R .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 331.2 +R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 343.2 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 180 Q(An)108 196.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +108 355.2 Q(An)108 372 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 208.8 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 -220.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 237.6 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) --2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) --.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 249.6 R -.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ -output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -261.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 278.4 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 290.4 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 302.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 384 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) +.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 396 +Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne) +108 412.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) +-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 424.8 +R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ +d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +436.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 453.6 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 465.6 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 477.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 314.4 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 326.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 489.6 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 501.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 338.4 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 513.6 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -355.2 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +530.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 367.2 Q .247 -(If the pre)108 384 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .246 +(If the pre)108 559.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 396 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 412.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F +F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 424.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 441.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 453.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 465.6 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 477.6 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 600 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 616.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 489.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -501.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +676.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 518.4 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 530.4 R 2.761(to the v)108 542.4 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 554.4 + to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 729.6 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -571.2 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 583.2 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F -F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 -(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 -F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - by returning an e)108 595.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) -5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 619.2 R .665 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 -631.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F -.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 643.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ -y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F -.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 672 Q(wing def)-.25 E -(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 688.8 Q({)108 700.8 Q 6 -(.")144 712.8 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF -(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 84 Q/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 112.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 -(When the)108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F -F0 .371(option to the)2.871 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 136.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .429(mands to sa)108 148.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .19 +(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 84 R +.191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 96 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83 +(sp)-.55 G 1.33(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion\ + should be retried by returning an e)108 108 R .93(xit status of 124.) +-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the c\ +ompspec associated with the command on which completion is)108 120 R +.665(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 132 R .666 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 +144 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 +G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F .083 +(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 156 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ +ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 +(Fo)108 172.8 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F +(the command, the follo)108 184.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 201.6 Q({)108 213.6 Q 6 +(.")144 225.6 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +237.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +249.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 278.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.372(When the)108 290.4 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 302.4 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .43(mands to sa)108 314.4 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 +(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. 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A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -213.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +108 367.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +379.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 225.6 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 237.6 S +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 391.2 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 403.2 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 249.6 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 415.2 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 -(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 261.6 R .098 +(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 427.2 R .098 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 273.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 439.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. 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If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 369.6 Q +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 535.2 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 386.4 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E F5 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 398.4 R -(The)5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 410.4 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 422.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 439.2 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 +(The b)108 552 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)2.798 +E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 564 R(The) +5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 576 R .001 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 588 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 604.8 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 451.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 463.2 Q F0 .75 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 616.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 +(cmdhist)108 628.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 475.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 640.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 487.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 499.2 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 652.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 664.8 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -511.2 Q F2(HIST)72 528 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) --.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 540 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 552 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -2.013(can be disabled using the)108 564 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 576 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def) --.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 592.8 R 1.306 -(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 604.8 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 -(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 616.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 -633.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 645.6 S 3.2 -(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 -(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 -(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 657.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 -(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 669.6 R F4 --.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) -3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 681.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 -(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 693.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 -(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 -(one w)108 705.6 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 717.6 Q -F3(!)3.51 E F0 .177(by def)3.51 F 2.677(ault. Only)-.1 F .177 -(backslash \()2.677 F F3(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .178 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.678(,b)-.4 G .178(ut the his-)-2.878 F .67 -(tory e)108 729.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ - it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +676.8 Q F3(HIST)72 693.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E +(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 705.6 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 729.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E +(51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(double-quoted string.)108 84 Q(Se)108 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(belo)108 84 Q 2.5 +(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E +1.305(History e)108 100.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ +t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 112.8 R .21(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .209 +(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 124.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +141.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S 3.2 +(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 +(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 +(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) +3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 165.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 +(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 177.6 R/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F1(wor) +3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F1(modi\214er)108 189.6 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 +(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 201.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 +(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 +(one w)108 213.6 R 3.124(ord. 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Only)-.1 F .178(backslash \()2.678 F F2(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a) +.833 G .178(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 +(tory e)108 237.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ + it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F +(double-quoted string.)108 249.6 Q(Se)108 266.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 112.8 T -3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 278.4 T +3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G -(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F -F1(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 -141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 -(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11 -(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11(vior of history e)-.2 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E -F0 1.143(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1 -(shopt)3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and) --.25 F F1 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, h\ -istory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -165.6 R 5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line) --.15 F 1.516(is reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline) -.18 E F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.015 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F1(histr)108 189.6 -Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F13.661 E F0 1.161 -(option to the)3.661 F F1(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 213.6 -S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F12.555 -E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G -.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 225.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +-.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 290.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 307.2 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 319.2 R F2 +(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) +3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 331.2 R +5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 +(is reloaded into the)108 343.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 +1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 +(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 355.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 +1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 367.2 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F23.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 379.2 +S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F22.556 +E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G +.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 391.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 242.4 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 408 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -254.4 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 +420 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 266.4 Q F1 -(Ev)87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve) +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 432 Q F2 +(Ev)87 448.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 460.8 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q -F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.607 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 336 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 348 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 360 Q -F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 360 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.) -.24 E F1(!!)108 372 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 372 Q(vious command.)-.25 -E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 384 Q F2(string)A -F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position\ - in the history list starting with)144 384 R F2(string)144 396 Q F0(.) -.22 E F1(!?)108 408 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most r\ -ecent command preceding the current position in the history list contai\ -ning)144 420 R F2(string)144 432 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?) -2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E -(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) -108 449 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784 -(Quick substitution.)144 456 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F2 -(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 468 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 -(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 480 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 480 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 496.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 508.8 S 1.313 + history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 489.6 +Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 489.6 R 1.608 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 501.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 +513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 525.6 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command minus)144 525.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2 +(!!)108 537.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 537.6 Q(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 549.6 Q F1(string) +A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ +on in the history list starting with)144 549.6 R F1(string)144 561.6 Q +F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the\ + most recent command preceding the current position in the history list\ + containing)144 585.6 R F1(string)144 597.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing) +-5 E F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo) +2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 +SF(^)108 614.6 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 +.783(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F1 +(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 +(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 645.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 +-.75(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 -(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 520.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 +(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.529(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 532.8 R 1.3 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 544.8 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 561.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 573.6 Q -2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 585.6 Q F0(The)144 585.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 597.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 597.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 609.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 609.6 -R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 -(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 621.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 633.6 Q F0(The w)144 633.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) --.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 645.6 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 -2.5(Ar)144 645.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C -(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 657.6 Q F0 -.315(All of the w)144 657.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 -F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 669.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -681.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 681.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<78ad>108 693.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 693.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 -(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 710.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) --.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E -(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.301 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 96 R .184 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q F1(h)108 -124.8 Q F0(Remo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 +(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) +A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 +(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .063 +(The last w)144 132 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar) +2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 +(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 +144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0(The w)144 156 Q +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 +(x)108.77 168 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 168 S(ange of w)-2.5 E +(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E +F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 180 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 180 R .316 +(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F +.315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315 +(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F +(just one w)144 192 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 204 Q F0 +(Abbre)144 204 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 216 Q +F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 +(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 +232.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 249.6 Q F0 .183 +(After the optional w)108 261.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 +G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F +.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 273.6 Q F1(h) +108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)144 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 136.8 Q F0(Remo)144 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)144 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 148.8 Q F0(Remo)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C -(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 160.8 Q F0(Remo)144 160.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E -F1(p)108 172.8 Q F0(Print the ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 -E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 184.8 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 196.8 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 196.8 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 +108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 326.4 Q F0(Remo)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 +338.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 338.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 350.4 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 350.4 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 362.4 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 208.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 220.8 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 374.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 386.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 232.8 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 398.4 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 244.8 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +F .666(be quoted in)144 410.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 256.8 R -(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 -(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 268.8 Q F2(string) +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 422.4 R +(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 +(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 434.4 Q F2(string) 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 -(&)108 280.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 280.8 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E -F1(g)108 292.8 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 292.8 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 304.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 -(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 316.8 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 328.8 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 340.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 340.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 -2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 357.6 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 369.6 -R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1108 381.6 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F12.533 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E -F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.549(do not treat)108 393.6 R F14.049 E F0(specially)4.049 E +(&)108 446.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 446.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E +F1(g)108 458.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 458.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 470.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 482.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 494.4 Q F0 +(.)A F1(G)108 506.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 506.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s) +A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 523.2 Q +(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 +(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 535.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ +ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 +547.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F12.534 E F0 .034 +(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0 +(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 559.2 R F14.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E 6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 (,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F1(shift)4.048 E F0 -.2(bu)4.048 G 1.548(iltins accept and).2 F -.26(process ar)108 405.6 R .26(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F -F12.76 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261 -(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261 -(guments b)-.18 F .261(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 -(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 417.6 R 1.154 +-4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F +.261(process ar)108 571.2 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) +-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E +F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 +(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 583.2 R 1.154 (guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F13.654 E F0 1.154 (as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 -3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 447.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 459.6 R .451 +3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 613.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 625.2 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 471.6 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 488.4 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 500.4 Q(ce)-.18 E -F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 512.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 637.2 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 654 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 666 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 524.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 -(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 -(\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 536.4 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 -(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 548.4 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 -(\214le is found in)144 560.4 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +(status of the last command e)144 690 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458(cuted from) +.15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2(\214lename) +5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F .608 +(names in)144 702 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +.608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename) +3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 +-.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 +.832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +(\214le is found in)144 726 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -572.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 584.4 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 596.4 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) -3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 -3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 -(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 608.4 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F -F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F12.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 620.4 R F1(DEB)3.935 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 -(completes. The)144 632.4 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 644.4 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 661.2 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 673.2 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E -F2(name)144 685.2 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F -.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 697.2 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) -2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 709.2 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bg) -108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E -.745(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 -(when job control is disabled or)144 136.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 189.6 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)144 84 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112 +(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 +E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112 +(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2(\214lename)144 96 Q F0 +1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697 +(the positional parameters are unchanged.)4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F +/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F(enabled,) +144 108 Q F3(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an)3.618 F 3.618 +(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F3(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C +3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118(ot, an) +-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F3(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117(trap string is sa) +3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 +(restored around the call to)144 120 R F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86 +(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F3 +(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F32.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 132 R F3(DEB)3.935 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F3(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(completes. The)144 144 R 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 156 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 +(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F3(alias)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F3A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E F3(Alias)144 184.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F35.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias)5.224 E +F2(name)144 196.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 208.8 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) +2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 220.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 232.8 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 244.8 Q F3(bg)108 261.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +273.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F3(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 285.6 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 297.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 309.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 +A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F3-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 350.4 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F3(bind)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) +(function\255name)A F3(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 261.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F -.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 273.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 398.4 R F3 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F3 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 410.4 R F3 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 422.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F +.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 434.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 +446.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 458.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 470.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.114 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G +(vi\255command)180 482.4 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A -(ve)-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 333.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 494.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 345.6 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 345.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F1144 357.6 Q F0(Display)180 357.6 Q F1 -.18(re) +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F3144 506.4 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 506.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F3144 518.4 Q F0(Display)180 518.4 Q F3 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 369.6 -Q F0(List current)180 369.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1144 381.6 Q F0(Display)180 -381.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 530.4 +Q F0(List current)180 530.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F3144 542.4 Q F0(Display)180 +542.4 Q F3 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 393.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 405.6 Q -F0(Display)180 405.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 554.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 566.4 Q +F0(Display)180 566.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 (ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1144 417.6 Q F0(Display)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18 +-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F3144 578.4 Q F0(Display)180 578.4 Q F3 -.18 (re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 429.6 Q F0(List current)180 429.6 Q -F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F1144 441.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -453.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1144 465.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 477.6 Q +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 590.4 Q F0(List current)180 590.4 Q +F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F3144 602.4 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +614.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F3144 626.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 638.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 489.6 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 501.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 513.6 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3144 650.4 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 662.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3144 674.4 Q +F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F1144 537.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 549.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +(.)A F3144 698.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F3(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 573.6 S(adline).18 E -F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 -585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 -(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 -609.6 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 609.6 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 -(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 621.6 Q(The return v) -144 638.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 655.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 667.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 -(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.555 -E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 -(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -691.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 722.4 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1 +(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltin).2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.5 E -(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 96 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +SF -.18(re)180 84 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 +(fer and the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25 +(va)3.603 G 1.353(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012 +(insertion point.)180 96 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F2(READLINE_POINT)180 108 Q/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 120 +Q F0 .829(List all k)180 120 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 132 Q(The return v) +144 148.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 +E F1(br)108 165.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(])A .055(Exit from within a)144 177.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0 +(,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E +F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F4(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 189.6 Q F4(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +201.6 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 218.4 S(iltin).2 E F4(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F4(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 230.4 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F4 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 108 -R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 120 R -.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) --.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 132 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2 -(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 160.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 +242.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +254.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 266.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F4(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 283.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 295.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 172.8 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 307.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F4 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 184.8 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 319.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F4 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 208.8 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 220.8 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 232.8 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 261.6 R F2(dir) -2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 -(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) --.25 F 1.035(the def)144 273.6 R 3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G -1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2 -(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 285.6 R F2(dir)3.35 E -F0 3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 297.6 Q -F0 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 -(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 309.6 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F -4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 -(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 321.6 Q -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F12.691 E F0 +ent e)144 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 343.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 355.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F4 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 367.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F4 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 396 R F4(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F4(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HOME)2.822 E +F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 408 R +3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 +(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F4(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) +3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .849 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 420 R F4(dir)3.349 E +F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F2(CDP)3.35 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F4(dir)144 432 Q F0 +5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(irectory names in).15 F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 444 Q F2(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 +(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) +.74 G(f)-6.662 E F4(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 456 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F12.691 E F0 .191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.191(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) -3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 -(in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F13.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 345.6 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(symbolic links while tra)144 468 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F4(dir) +3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F4(..)3.62 E F0 +(in)3.62 E F4(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F13.62 E F0 +.395(option to the)144 480 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F12.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 357.6 R F2 -(..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) -2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 369.6 R .744 -(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 -(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E -F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 381.6 R F13.966 E F0 1.466 -(option is supplied with)3.966 F F13.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 -(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 393.6 R F1(cd)2.968 -E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) -5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 405.6 R F12.837 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 +-.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 492 R F4(..) +2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F4(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F4(..) +2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F4(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 504 R .744(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 +F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 516 R F1 +3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F13.965 E +F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 528 R F1(cd)2.968 E +F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) +5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 540 R F12.836 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 417.6 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F13.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 +144 552 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F13.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.107(empty directory name from)144 429.6 R F3(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F12.607 E F0 .106 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 441.6 R 2.538 -(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) --2.638 F(The return v)144 453.6 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +.106(empty directory name from)144 564 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F12.607 E F0 .107 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 576 R 2.538(ww) +-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F +(The return v)144 588 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 -470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 482.4 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with) -3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 -F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 494.4 R -F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +604.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F4(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 616.8 Q F4(command)2.764 E F0(with) +3.334 E F4(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 628.8 R +F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E -F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 506.4 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F4(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 640.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 518.4 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 530.4 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F -.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F F1144 542.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 607.2 R -F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 631.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F12.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) -2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 643.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 667.2 R .352 -(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ -em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -679.2 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 691.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 715.2 Q -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(55)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +5.4 E .175(either the)144 652.8 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F4(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 664.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F4(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 +144 676.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 688.8 R F4(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F4 +(command)144.2 700.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 712.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F4(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(55)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.728 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C F1 --3.728 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C -F1(\255DE)-3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 -3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F1 --3.729 E F2(wor)3.729 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F1-3.729 E F2 -(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 96 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E -F0(])A([)144 108 Q F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1 -(complete \255pr)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 132 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) --3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634 -(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 E F0 -.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) -144 144 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) --.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 156 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31 +SF(compgen)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(])A .012 +(Generate possible completion matches for)144 96 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 +E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013 +(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 108 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 120 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 132 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 156 R .352 +(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ +em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 +168 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 +F(those completions matching)144 180 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 204 Q +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 220.8 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C +F1-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E +F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1 +-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 +232.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 244.8 Q +F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 +256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.633(Specify ho)144 268.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F13.134 E F0 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 +280.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 292.8 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 168 R(The)6.347 E F1 -3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 -F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 180 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E -3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F -3.455(ac)144 192 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F -.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 204 R(`empty') --.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 216 Q 1.437 +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 304.8 R(The)6.347 E +F13.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 316.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 +328.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 340.8 R +(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 352.8 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -240 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 252 Q -.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 276 R .856 -.15(ve t) --.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 -3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 288 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 -3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 300 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 312 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 324 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +376.8 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 424.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F13.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 436.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 448.8 Q +F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 336 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 348 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 360 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 372 Q -F1(default)184 384 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 384 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E +F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 +508.8 Q F1(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.375 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 396 Q F1(dir)184 408 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 420 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 444 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 456 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 468 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 480 Q F1(noquote) -184 492 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .814 +224 532.8 Q F1(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ +ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R +2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) +-2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 +604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q +F1(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 504 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 516 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 516 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 528 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 528 S -.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 540 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 552 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 552 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 652.8 Q +F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ +letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) +224 664.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 +(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 +676.8 Q F1(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) +-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 564 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 576 -Q F1144 588 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 -(may be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -612 Q F0(Alias names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 624 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 636 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 648 Q(Readline)224 648 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 660 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 660 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 672 -Q F0(Command names.)224 684 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 696 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 708 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 +712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 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May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(running)184 264 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 -264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 276 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 -(Service names.)224 276 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 288 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 288 S(lid ar)1.11 E -(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 300 Q F0 -(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 300 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 312 Q F0(Signal names.)224 312 Q F1 -(stopped)184 324 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 -324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 336 Q F0(User names.)224 336 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 348 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 348 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 360 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 372 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2 +(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 +108 Q F0(Alias names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 120 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 132 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 144 Q(Readline)224 144 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 156 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 156 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 168 +Q F0(Command names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 192 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 204 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 216 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 228 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +240 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 240 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +252 Q F0(Names of e)224 252 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 +264 Q F0(File names.)224 264 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 276 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 288 +Q F1(gr)184 300 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 300 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 +312 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 324 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 336 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 348 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 360 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 372 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 384 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 +396 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 396 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 408 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 408 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 420 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 420 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 +E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 432 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 432 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 444 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 444 Q F1(stopped)184 456 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 468 Q F0(User names.)224 468 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 492 Q F2 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 384 Q F1144 396 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 -(The shell function)184 408 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 516 Q F1144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 420 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 432 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 444 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 456 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) --.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 468 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 480 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 492 R -1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 504 Q -F1144 516 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 528 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +-.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q +F1144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 540 Q F1144 552 Q F3(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 552 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 564 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 576 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 -(each resultant w)184 588 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 600 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 636 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 648 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 660 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 676.8 R .466 -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 688.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0 -(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 +(each resultant w)184 720 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 -(Modify completion options for each)144 96 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447 -(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447 -(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 108 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 120 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(resultant list which match the w)184 84 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 +E(\214lterpat)184 108 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e) +2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456 +(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 120 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 132 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 144 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 160.8 R .467 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 172.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 184.8 Q F0 +(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E +F1(compopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 213.6 R +F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 225.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 237.6 Q F2(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 132 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 249.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(omm\ -and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no) --3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F14.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 168 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +1.228(the `)144 261.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ +no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 273.6 R 2.177 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) +144 285.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 192 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +E 1.388(The return v)144 309.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 321.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 220.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 232.8 R 1.754 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 338.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 350.4 R 1.753 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 362.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 256.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 268.8 Q F1(declar)108 285.6 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 374.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 386.4 Q F1(declar)108 403.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(typeset)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 309.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 427.2 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 321.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 333.6 Q F2(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 345.6 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 357.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F13.682 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -369.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 439.2 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 451.2 Q F2(name)2.775 E +F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) +2.774 F(without)144 463.2 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 475.2 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +487.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -381.6 R(The)6.29 E F13.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ -of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 -(name and attrib)144 393.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 +499.2 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ +y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(name and attrib)144 511.2 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) 5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -405.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 -F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 417.6 Q F1 -3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F13.892 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 +523.2 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 +F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 535.2 Q F1 +3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F13.891 E F0 1.391 +(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 429.6 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 -(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 441.6 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 453.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E -F1144 465.6 Q F0(Each)180 465.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 547.2 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 +(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F +(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 559.2 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 571.2 Q(utes:)-.2 E +F1144 583.2 Q F0(Each)180 583.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 -(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 477.6 Q -F0(Each)180 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) +(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 595.2 Q +F0(Each)180 595.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) -.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 489.6 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 501.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 501.6 R .558 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 607.2 Q F0(Use function names only) +180 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 619.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 619.2 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 513.6 Q F0(abo) +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 631.2 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 525.6 Q -F0 .91(When the v)180 525.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 643.2 Q +F0 .909(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. 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The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(58)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.282 -(is supplied.)144 84 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283(ariable name is follo) --.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)A F0 3.783 -(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 96 -R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F23.427 E F0 -.926(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 108 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F -3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592(ect until subsequent assignments.) -.25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) +5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 96 Q F1 +144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 +(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) +-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) +180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E +(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 132 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F +(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 156 Q F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 +E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E +(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R +2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F +.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F +.645(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) +-3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 +(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 196.8 Q F1 +(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 +E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 +(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 +(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 +220.8 R F13.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F13.426 E F0 .927 +(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 232.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C -2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 -132 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 +144 244.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C +2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 +256.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 144 R F2 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 268.8 R F1 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F1(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 156 S .171 +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .172 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 168 R 3.46(fa) +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 292.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 180 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F22.5 E F0(.)A F2 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 196.8 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .328 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 304.8 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 220.8 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 232.8 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 244.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 256.8 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 256.8 Q -F2144 268.8 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 268.8 R .881 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 369.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q +F1144 393.6 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -280.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 292.8 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 292.8 Q F2 -144 304.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 304.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 316.8 Q F2(+)144 328.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 328.8 R F1(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q F2144 352.8 Q F1 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 352.8 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 417.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1 +144 429.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1144 477.6 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 364.8 Q .258(The return v)144 -381.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144 +506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 393.6 Q F2(diso)108 410.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 422.4 S .121 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 434.4 R F22.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F22.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 446.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 458.4 R -.15 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 470.4 R F2 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F1(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 482.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F2(echo)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 511.2 R F1(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 523.2 R(If)5.307 E F22.807 E F0 .307 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F22.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -535.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F23.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 -(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -559.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 -F F2(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 571.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.715 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F23.216 E F0 .716 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 583.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) -144 595.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 595.2 Q F2(\\b)144 607.2 Q F0 -(backspace)180 607.2 Q F2(\\c)144 619.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -619.2 Q F2(\\e)144 631.2 Q(\\E)144 643.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 -643.2 Q F2(\\f)144 655.2 Q F0(form feed)180 655.2 Q F2(\\n)144 667.2 Q -F0(ne)180 667.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 679.2 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 679.2 Q F2(\\t)144 691.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -691.2 Q F2(\\v)144 703.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 703.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 -(\\\\)144 715.2 Q F0(backslash)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 +660 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 +(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 684 +Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 +F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 +(these escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E F0 +.716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\0)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 84 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 96 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 108 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 120 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 132 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 144 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 156 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 168 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace) +180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e) +144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144 +Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G +(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180 +Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144 +216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) +180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 196.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 208.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 220.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 232.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 +(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 244.8 -R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 256.8 S 1.524 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 376.8 R +.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.525 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 268.8 Q F1 -2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) --5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 280.8 R F1 -2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 400.8 Q F1 +2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) +-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 412.8 R F1 +2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -292.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 316.8 R F12.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 328.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -340.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 357.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 369.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C -.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +424.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 436.8 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 +(enabled. If)144 448.8 R F12.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F +(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 460.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +472.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 489.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 501.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 513.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 393.6 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 525.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 422.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 434.4 R .176 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 554.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 566.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 446.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 -F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 -E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 458.4 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 578.4 R .499(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 +(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 590.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) +3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 470.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 602.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 482.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 494.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 614.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 626.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) -.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 506.4 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 -(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 638.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 +(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 518.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 535.2 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 547.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 650.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 667.2 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 679.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 576 Q F0 -.256(The supplied)144 588 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F -.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 -(commands. If)144 600 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 -(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 -144 612 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F -.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 624 S 1.447 -(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 -(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G -1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 636 S .741(lue of the v).25 -F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 648 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 660 Q F1(fc)108 676.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 700.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) -.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 -(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 724.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F1(export)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315 -(is used as an of)144 84 R .315(fset from the current command number\).) --.25 F(If)5.315 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.904 E F0 .314 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F(-)-.2 E .948 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(export \255p)108 84 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 96 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257 +(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 108 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 120 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 132 S 1.446 +(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 144 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 156 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 168 Q F1(fc)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 208.8 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) +144 232.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314 +(is used as an of)144 244.8 R .314 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E F2(last)2.905 +E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 256.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F1<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 108 R F1<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 268.8 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 (is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 132 Q -/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.522 E F0 .022 +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 292.8 +Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F32.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 144 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F32.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 304.8 R .438(If the) +5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1 -(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) -.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 168 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F -.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) -3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 -180 R .951(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F -.95(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 192 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 216 R F1 -(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 228 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F1<8c72>2.847 -E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F2 .346(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E(typing)144 240 Q F2 7.165(rc) -3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F2(r) -3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 252 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 276 -R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 288 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F32.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +.334(the editor gi)144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E +F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 +F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 328.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 +(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) +-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 +(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 340.8 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi) +5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F +-.15(exe)144 352.8 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 376.8 R +F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 388.8 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72> +2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 400.8 Q F3 7.166 +(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) +3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 412.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +436.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8 +R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 324 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 352.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 364.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 376.8 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 388.8 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F3(getopts)108 405.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 417.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 429.6 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 441.6 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +F1(getopts)108 566.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 578.4 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 590.4 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 602.4 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 453.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 465.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 -3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G -3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .085 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 614.4 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 +(option in the shell v)144 626.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 +3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 -(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 513.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(or a shell script is in)144 650.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 +(into the v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 674.4 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 525.6 -Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 549.6 R F3(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 561.6 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 686.4 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 710.4 R F1(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 722.4 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 2.392 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 -597.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 1.166 -(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 -(reporting is used.)144 633.6 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -645.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 657.6 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 681.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -693.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 705.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 -729.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 -(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(61)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(61) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144 84 Q F0(,).18 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) -2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \() -2.734 F F3(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 96 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(and)2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 -(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3(getopts)144 120 Q F0 -.902(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 132 Q F3(hash)108 148.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 160.8 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 2.393 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) +.27 E F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 +120 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 +(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring) +3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E +1.071(reporting is used.)144 132 R 1.071 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 144 R +.393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)-.25 +E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 156 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 180 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +192 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.899 E +F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 204 +Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 228 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F +F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 +(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F +F2(name)144 240 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 252 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) +2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 +(getopts)144 276 Q F0 .902 +(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 288 Q F1(hash)108 304.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 316.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 172.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 328.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 184.8 -R F32.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 196.8 R(The)6.711 E F34.211 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F34.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 208.8 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F33.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 220.8 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -232.8 R F33.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 340.8 +R F12.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 +(of the command.)144 352.8 R(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 364.8 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F13.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 376.8 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F +F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +388.8 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -244.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 256.8 Q F32.822 E F0 .322 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 268.8 Q F1(name)2.86 +400.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 412.8 Q F12.821 E F0 .321 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F +.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 424.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F3(help)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -297.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -309.6 R F1(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 321.6 Q F3 -144 333.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 333.6 Q F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F3144 345.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 345.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F3144 357.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 357.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 374.4 Q F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 391.2 Q F1(n)A F3(])A -(history \255c)108 403.2 Q(history \255d)108 415.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A -F3(history \255p)108 439.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -463.2 S .752 +.25 E F1(help)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +453.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +465.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 477.6 Q F1 +144 489.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 489.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1144 501.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 501.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 513.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 513.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 530.4 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 547.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 559.2 Q(history \255d)108 571.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 595.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 607.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +619.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 -F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.88 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F1 -(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 631.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.881 E(MA)144 643.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 655.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 511.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 667.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 523.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 679.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 535.2 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 -144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A F3144 571.2 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 571.2 R(`ne)-.74 E -(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.) --3.065 F .564(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 -583.2 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3144 595.2 -Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 595.2 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 607.2 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 619.2 Q F3144 631.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 631.2 Q F3 -144 643.2 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 643.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F3144 655.2 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 655.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 -(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 667.2 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 679.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3144 691.2 Q F0 -.362(Store the)180 691.2 R F1(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 703.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 720 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 -(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 691.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 691.2 Q F1 +144 703.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 715.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 +E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .668 -(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 84 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E +3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 96 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 108 Q +F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ + into the current history list.)180 108 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F1 +144 156 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 +(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 +180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 204 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 204 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ -tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ -ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031 -(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 -(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 -(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F23.532 -E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 -172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E -(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 -(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 196.8 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2 -144 208.8 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2 -144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 244.8 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2144 256.8 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 292.8 Q(fset) +-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 +F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 304.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 321.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 +(jobs \255x)108 333.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 345.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 357.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 357.6 Q F1 +144 369.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 369.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F1 +144 393.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 393.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 405.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F1144 417.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 417.6 Q(If)144 434.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 446.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 302.4 R F2 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 463.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 475.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 -2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 -(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) -2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119 -(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E -F1(signum)2.959 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.87 -E F0(or)3.39 E F1(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 -E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) +F1(kill)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 504 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 +516 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 528 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 540 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .523(gument of)-.18 -F F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) -5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) -.18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 -R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F -F22.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 -R(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) --.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 552 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 +F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 564 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 576 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 +2.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 588 R +(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) --.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -468 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 -E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F -.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 -.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.153(yo) --.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar) -3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +(successfully sent, or f)144 600 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 616.8 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +628.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 640.8 Q F2(ar) +2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 657.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 669.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 +.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 681.6 Q 3.152(yo) +-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) +3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -532.8 Q F1(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +693.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F1(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.062 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.244 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 -(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 -(error to use)144 580.8 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 -(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) -5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 592.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout) -108 609.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 609.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 626.4 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .351(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -(arr)2.85 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 662.4 R -F23.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) --6.249 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 686.4 Q F0(The \214rst character of) -180 686.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 -E F2144 698.4 Q F0(Cop)180 698.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) --2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 710.4 Q F0(Be)180 710.4 Q -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) -142.895 E(63)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 705.6 R F1 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 717.6 R F1(set)4.063 +E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 729.6 R 1.243 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 +(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(63)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0(Remo)180 96 Q .3 --.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne) --.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 108 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 108 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 120 Q F0(Ev)180 120 Q -(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) -2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 132 Q -F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 132 Q F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 148.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .42(error to use) +144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) +5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) +144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0 +(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.) +-.25 E F1(logout)108 112.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 112.8 Q F1 +(map\214le)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 141.6 S(adarray) +.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) +-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) +-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 153.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 165.6 +R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 +(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C +1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 189.6 Q F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 189.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 +E F1144 201.6 Q F0(Cop)180 201.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) +-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 213.6 Q F0(Be)180 213.6 Q +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 225.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 225.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +144 237.6 Q F0(Remo)180 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 249.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 261.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +261.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 273.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 273.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 290.4 Q F12.967 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 160.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 172.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 184.8 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 201.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 302.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 314.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 326.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 218.4 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 230.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 247.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -271.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 283.2 Q F1144 295.2 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 295.2 R .551 +F1(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +412.8 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F1144 436.8 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 436.8 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 307.2 Q F1(+)144 319.2 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F1(+)144 460.8 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -331.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 343.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 355.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 484.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E +F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -372 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) -3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 384 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F --.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 396 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 424.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 -E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 436.8 R(ariable) +E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 +513.6 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 578.4 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 448.8 Q(The)144 472.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 590.4 Q(The)144 614.4 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 626.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 496.8 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 508.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 520.8 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 532.8 Q F0(causes)180 532.8 Q F1(printf) -2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 638.4 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 650.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 662.4 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 674.4 Q F0(causes)180 674.4 Q F1(printf) +2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 544.8 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 556.8 Q F0(causes)180 556.8 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 686.4 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 698.4 Q F0(causes)180 698.4 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 568.8 Q F1(%\()144 580.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 592.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 604.8 R F2 -(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) -2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -616.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .848 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 628.8 R .847 -(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.347(d. If).1 F .847(no ar)3.347 -F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 640.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 -G .354(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.854(sa).15 G 2.854(si)-2.854 G -2.854(f-)-2.854 G 2.854(1h)-2.854 G .354(ad been gi)-2.854 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 652.8 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 669.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format s\ -peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 681.6 -R 1.259 -(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 693.6 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 710.4 Q F2(format)3.424 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 722.4 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 -(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(64)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP +(input.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(64) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 84 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+) --2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A -F1(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0 -(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\ - the stack, making the ne)144 124.8 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the) --3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 136.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 -F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G -(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 148.8 R 6.625 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(%\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 +96 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 108 R F2 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) +2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +120 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 132 R .847 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 +F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 144 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +.355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G +2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 156 Q(vior) +-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 172.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\ +\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 184.8 +R 1.259 +(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 196.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 225.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 237.6 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) +108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ +irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 278.4 R 3.14(wt) +-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 290.4 R .416 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 302.4 R 6.625 (.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 160.8 Q -F1144 172.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ -when rotating or adding directories to the)180 172.8 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 184.8 Q F1(+)144 -196.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 196.8 R F2(n) -3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 208.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 220.8 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 220.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 314.4 Q +F1144 326.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 326.4 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 338.4 Q F1(+)144 +350.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 350.4 R F2(n) +3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 374.4 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 374.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 232.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 244.8 Q F0(Adds)180 244.8 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) --.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 256.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 273.6 R F1(pushd) -2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F2(dir) -3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 -F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 297.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +F F1(dirs)180 386.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 398.4 Q F0(Adds)180 398.4 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) +-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 410.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 427.2 R F1(pushd) +2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 439.2 R F2(dir) +3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) +-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 +(stack is empty)144 451.2 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -350.4 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 403.2 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 -(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E -F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(pr) -3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 -3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 415.2 Q F2(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ -e \214le descriptor)144 427.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 439.2 Q F13.848 E F0 1.348 -(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 451.2 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 463.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 492 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +504 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) +144 516 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 528 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)108 556.8 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(aname) +3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2 +(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc) +3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 568.8 Q F2(name)A F0 +(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ +\214le descriptor)144 580.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 592.8 Q F13.847 E F0 1.347 +(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 604.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 463.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 616.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 475.2 Q F0 -5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) --.25 F .723 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 628.8 Q F0 +5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) +-.25 F .722 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 487.2 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 -(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 -(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 499.2 R .197 +F .531(assigned empty v)144 640.8 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 +(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 +(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 652.8 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 511.2 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) -C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 664.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) +C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -523.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 535.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 547.2 R 1.049 +676.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 688.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 700.8 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 559.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 -(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 571.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 583.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 595.2 Q F0 .373 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 595.2 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) -2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 607.2 R .218 -(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 -(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F1144 631.2 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 631.2 Q F1 -.18(re) -2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2 -(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 -E .215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 643.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1 -144 655.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 667.2 S(ad).18 -E F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 -E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 679.2 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 691.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 703.2 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) -3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 715.2 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 727.2 -R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) -3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) -142.895 E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F +F2(aname)180.33 712.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .608 -(characters are read.)180 84 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25 -(va)180 96 S .67(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 108 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 132 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 144 Q 2.5 -(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E +F1144 108 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 108 R F1 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) +2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G +(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 120 R .218 +(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E +(acti)180 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1 +144 144 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 144 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G +(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) +2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E +.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 156 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 +168 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 180 S(ad).18 E F0 +1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 192 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 204 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 216 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 240 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 252 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 264 S .669 +(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 276 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 300 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 312 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 156 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 156 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 168 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +144 324 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 324 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 336 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1144 180 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 180 Q +-.25 E F1144 348 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 348 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 192 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 216 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 228 Q +144 360 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 372 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 384 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 396 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -240 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 252 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 264 S(riable) +408 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 420 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 432 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 276 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 444 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -288 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 -(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .773 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F --.25(va)144 340.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 369.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +456 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 484.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E +F3(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 +F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 496.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .772 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F +-.25(va)144 508.8 S 2.004 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 520.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 537.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R -1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 561.6 R +1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 573.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 585.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 597.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 609.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -465.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 621.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +633.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 477.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 645.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 657.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 674.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 686.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 710.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.066(before the trap handler)144 -554.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 +722.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .39 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) -.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 578.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 -E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 -(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 -(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 -(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 -2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 691.2 S .835 -(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 703.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.911(reset. In)144 715.2 R F2(posix)2.911 E F0 -.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 727.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) --.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(66)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(66)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.623 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 84 R 1.624 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .389 +(determine the status is the last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389 +(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re) +2.89 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n) +-.15 E F0 .084(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E +F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 +F .588(causes the shell to stop e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) +3.448 E F0 .589(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F +.326(mand e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326 +(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.) +-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F +.325(alue is)-.25 F .444(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 132 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 144 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1 +(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 156 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 168 Q F1 +(set)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .836 +(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 220.8 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 232.8 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 244.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 256.8 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 96 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 -($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 5(.O) -C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 108 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 108 R 1.377 +144 268.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 280.8 Q +F0 1.377(Each v)184 280.8 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 120 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 132 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 132 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 144 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 156 Q F0 .088 -(Exit immediately if a)184 156 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 168 Q F2 -1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 -180 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 192 Q -1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 --.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 204 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) --.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 216 R -F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) --3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 228 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 240 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 252 R 2.678 -(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 -(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 264 R .617 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 292.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 304.8 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 304.8 R +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 316.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 328.8 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 328.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 340.8 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 +(The shell does not e)184 352.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 364.8 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 376.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 388.8 R +F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) +-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E +-.25(va)184 400.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +(non-zero status because a command f)184 412.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 424.8 R 2.677 +(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 436.8 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 276 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 448.8 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 288 Q -2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 306 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 E F0 -2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184 318 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F -.193(body will be af)184 330 R .193(fected by the)-.25 F F12.693 E +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 460.8 +Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 478.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 +E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 +490.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 +(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 +(body will be af)184 502.8 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F12.694 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 -2.693 E F0 .194(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 342 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 514.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 354 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 366 Q F1 -144 378 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 378 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 390 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -390 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 -402 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 414 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 414 R .514 +(where)184 526.8 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 538.8 Q F1 +144 550.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 550.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +144 562.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +562.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 +574.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 586.8 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 586.8 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 426 Q F1 -144 438 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 438 R .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 450 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 462 R .678 -(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 474 S(it status.).15 E F1144 486 Q F0 .652 -(Read commands b)184 486 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 -(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 498 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 510 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E -F0(The)184 522 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 -E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 570 Q F12.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 582 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 582 R 2.589 -(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 594 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 618 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 702 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 702 R 3.087(,a) --.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 714 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(67)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 598.8 Q F1 +144 610.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 610.8 R .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 622.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 634.8 R +.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ +g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 646.8 S(it status.).15 E F1144 658.8 Q +F0 .653(Read commands b)184 658.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 +670.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F1144 682.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 694.8 Q F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 +(allexport)184 706.8 Q F0(Same as)224 718.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(67)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ignor)184 84 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 96 R 1.656 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -108 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 156 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 168 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 204 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 204 Q F1(notify)184 216 Q F0 -(Same as)224 216 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 228 Q F0(Same as) -224 228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 252 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 264 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 264 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 276 R -1.136 +SF(braceexpand)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(emacs)184 108 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) +224 108 R 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 +E .95(when the shell is interacti)224 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 132 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 144 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 156 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 168 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 228 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 228 R 3.087(,a) +-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 240 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 +252 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 264 R 1.657 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +276 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 312 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 324 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 360 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 372 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 372 Q F1(notify)184 384 Q F0 +(Same as)224 384 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 396 Q F0(Same as) +224 396 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 420 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 420 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 432 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 432 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 444 +R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 288 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 300 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 300 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 456 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 468 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 468 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -312 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 324 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G -2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -336 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 348 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 372 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -372 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 384 Q F0 1.465 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 384 R 3.966(ace. This) --.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -396 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q -F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F3(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -438 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F3(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 450 Q F1 -144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F4 -.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 498 R .379 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 510 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +480 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 492 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +504 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 516 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +528 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 540 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +540 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 552 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 552 R 3.965(ace. This) +-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 +564 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 576 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 594 Q +F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +606 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 618 Q F1 +144 630 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 630 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 642 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 654 S +(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 666 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 678 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 690 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G -.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1144 558 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 558 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 -(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.683 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 -(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 594 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 -(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -606 Q F1144 618 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 618 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 630 Q F0 .315(After e)184 630 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 -(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 -642 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F -1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 654 Q -(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 666 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 666 R 2.578 -(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 678 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 690 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 690 R F1(bash)2.713 E -F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 -(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 702 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 -(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 714 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(68)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 702 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(68)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 84 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 -(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 F -3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 -144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 -(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 144 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 -(that change the current w)184 156 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 168 R(def)2.686 +SF144 84 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 96 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 96 S .044 +(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \ +parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .182 +(error when performing parameter e)184 108 R 2.682(xpansion. If)-.15 F +-.15(ex)2.682 G .183(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 +E .746(able or parameter)184 120 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 +132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 144 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 156 Q F0 .315(After e)184 156 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command) +2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case) +2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 +(or arithmetic)184 168 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 +(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q +(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 +144 192 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 192 R 2.578 +(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 204 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 216 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.714 E +F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +3.053(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) +.15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 252 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 252 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1 +144 288 Q F0(Enable)184 288 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 312 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 312 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 +(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 180 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -192 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 192 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 348 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 360 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 228 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 -(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F0 1.945 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)4.444 E -(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 264 R F1 -3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 -292.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 396 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 396 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +420 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 420 R +F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 432 R +F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144 +460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 614.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 458.4 R .825 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F -.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 470.4 R(The)5.945 E +F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 626.4 R .826 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F +.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 638.4 R(The)5.945 E F13.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) -3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 482.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 494.4 Q -F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 494.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -506.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 518.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ -return status indicates whether the)180 518.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0 -(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2 -(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 554.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 554.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 571.2 R F1 -3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) -3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 -(set or unset, respecti)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) --.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 595.2 Q(ault.) --.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 -(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 636 Q(The list of)144 652.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 670.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 682.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F -(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 -(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 650.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 662.4 Q +F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 662.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 674.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ +return status indicates whether the)180 686.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 +(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 +(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F0 1.055 +SF144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 84 Q(alues of)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E +F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 100.8 R F13.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1 +3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar) +3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624 +(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144 +112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234 +(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 124.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E +1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R +F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F +.696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 200.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F +(name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 +1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -84 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 108 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +260.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 .737 -(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 156 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 168 Q -F0 .448(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 192 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 204 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 -G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 -240 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G -.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G -.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E -F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 -264 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +332.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) +-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +416.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 +E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) +144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -276 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 288 Q -F0 .42(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F -.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 312 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 -(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 +Q F0 .419(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) +2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) +184 488.4 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 324 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) --.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 336 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E -(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 348 Q F4(str) -2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 360 Q F0 1.41(If set,) -184 372 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 384 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(using the)184 500.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F +(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 +(use ASCII collation and)184 512.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 524.4 Q F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 536.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 548.4 R F1 +(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v) +-.2 F 1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +(string comparison when using the)184 560.4 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 396 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 408 Q +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 572.4 R .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 584.4 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 420 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 -1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 444 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 -(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 456 R -F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) --.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -468 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 -(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 480 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 492 Q F0 1.483(If set,) -184 504 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) -3.983 E F0 1.484 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 -(ex)184 516 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G -.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 -(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 528 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 540 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 552 Q F1(compat42)144 564 Q -F0 1.796(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 -(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 600 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 612 R F1 -(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 624 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 636 S .353 -(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) --.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 648 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 -F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F -(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 -.374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 672 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(complete_fullquote)144 684 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 696 R F1(bash)3.153 E -F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ -mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 708 R 1.524 -(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F -2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ -enames when these)184 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 -E(70)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +F1(compat40)144 596.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 608.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 +1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 620.4 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 +(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) +4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 632.4 R +F1(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F +(ersions)-.15 E .086 +(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 644.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) +-.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 656.4 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 668.4 Q F0 1.484 +(If set,)184 680.4 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F +F2(posix)3.984 E F0 1.483 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 +(ex)184 692.4 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 +G .959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 +(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 +704.4 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 +(posix mode through v)184 716.4 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 728.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(70)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .029 -(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 84 R .028(ariable references in w) --.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072 -(that dollar signs in v)184 96 R 1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 1.797(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 +(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 132 R F1 +(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 +(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .352 +(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) +-.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) +-2.853 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F +.374(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F +(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 +.375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F +(the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(complete_fullquote)144 204 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.153 E +F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ +mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 228 R 1.524 +(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F +2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ +enames when these)184 240 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 +252 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 +F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 264 R 1.073 +(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 108 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 276 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -120 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 132 Q +288 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 300 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 144 Q(expand) --.18 E F0 .487(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 312 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -168 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 192 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -192 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 +336 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) +184 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 360 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +360 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 204 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 216 Q F0(If set,)184 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 372 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 384 Q F0(If set,)184 384 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 (nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) -144 228 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)184 228 R 1.686 -.15(ve s) +144 396 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 396 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) -.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 240 Q +(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 408 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 252 Q F0 -.717(If set, aliases are e)184 264 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 420 Q F0 +.716(If set, aliases are e)184 432 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 276 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 288 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 300 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 -(cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 312 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 -2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 324 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 336 Q F0(The)220 336 Q F14.25 -E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 444 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 456 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 468 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 +(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F +.22(identical to the)184 480 R F12.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 +(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 +(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 492 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 504 Q F0(The)220 504 Q F14.251 +E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 348 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 360 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -360 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 372 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 384 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 384 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 396 S .488 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 516 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 528 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +528 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 540 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 552 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 552 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 564 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 408 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 576 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 420 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 420 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 -(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 432 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 444 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 444 R -(shells in)220 456 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 588 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 588 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 600 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 612 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 612 R +(shells in)220 624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 468 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 468 R(in)220 480 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 636 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 636 R(in)220 648 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 492 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 492 R .4 +(extglob)144 660 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 660 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 504 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 516 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 528 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 672 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 684 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 696 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 540 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 552 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 552 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 564 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 576 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 588 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 600 R .32 -(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 612 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) -184 624 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 636 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 648 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 660 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 -(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 672 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 -(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 684 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 696 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 708 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 708 R F1(**)3.019 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 720 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 21)142.895 E(71)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 708 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 August 26)142.895 E(71)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(and subdirectories match.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(gnu_errfmt)144 -96 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU er\ -ror message format.)184 108 Q F1(histappend)144 120 Q F0 .676 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(failglob)144 84 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 84 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 96 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 108 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 120 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 132 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 144 R F2 +.448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 +156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 168 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) +184 180 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 +(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 192 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) +.15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 +G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 +(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 204 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 216 R F1(A) +3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 228 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 240 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 240 R F1(**)3.018 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 252 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +264 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 276 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 288 Q F1(histappend)144 +300 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -132 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 --.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 144 Q -(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 -(histr)144 156 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18(re) -3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 180 Q F1(histv)144 192 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 -E F0 .403 +312 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 324 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 336 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 348 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 360 Q F1(histv)144 372 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 +(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 216 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 228 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 396 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 408 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 240 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 252 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -264 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 288 Q F0(If set,) -184 300 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(hostcomplete)144 420 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +444 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 456 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 468 Q F0(If set,) +184 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 312 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 324 R .219(alue of the) --.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 336 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E -F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 348 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 .33(If set, allo)184 360 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 492 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 504 R .219(alue of the) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 516 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 372 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 384 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 396 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 396 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 408 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 420 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 420 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 588 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 600 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 432 Q +3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 612 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 444 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -456 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 468 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 480 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -492 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 504 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 516 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 540 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 552 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 576 S -(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 588 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -600 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 -(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 -(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 624 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 636 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 648 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 660 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) -3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 672 S -(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -684 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -696 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 708 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(72)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +636 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F4(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(72)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S .17 -(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 +(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 +(wo)184 156 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 204 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 +216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 252 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 264 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 276 +S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 (fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) -144 132 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) +144 300 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 144 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 156 Q 2.86 +184 312 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 324 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 168 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 336 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 180 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 192 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 204 Q F1(sour) -144 216 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 228 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 240 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 252 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 264 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 280.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 292.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 304.8 R F1 -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 316.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) +144 384 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 396 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 408 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 420 Q F0(If set, the)184 432 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 472.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 484.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 333.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 345.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 345.6 R .877 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 357.6 +E F1(test)108 501.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 513.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 513.6 R .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 525.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 369.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 381.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 399.6 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 411.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 423.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 435.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 435.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 447.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 447.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 +(primaries described abo)144 537.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 549.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 567.6 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 579.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 591.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 603.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 615.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 615.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 459.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 471.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 483.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 495.6 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 627.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 639.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 651.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 663.6 S (pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -507.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 524.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +675.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 692.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 542.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 554.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 566.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 578.4 Q -(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 590.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 602.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 -F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 614.4 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 626.4 Q .553 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 638.4 Q -(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 650.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 662.4 R .236 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 -(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 674.4 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 686.4 R .578(xpression i\ -s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 698.4 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 -(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 710.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 -F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F -.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -722.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(73)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(73) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)180 84 Q .485 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 -(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 108 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 120 R .385 -(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne) --2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e) --.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 -132 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) +-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 +144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C +.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 +F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 +168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A +F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ +ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) +-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 E F0(and) +3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F +.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 +(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 +E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q +.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 +F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 +(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 +(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 144 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 156 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 168 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) -.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 198 Q F1(test) +(abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 390 Q F1(test) 2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 214.8 Q F0 +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 406.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 214.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -226.8 Q F1(trap)108 243.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .703(The command)144 255.6 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 -(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 267.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E + processes run from the shell.)144 406.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +418.8 Q F1(trap)108 435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .702(The command)144 447.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 279.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 291.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 303.6 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 315.6 R F13.36 +.658(\(the v)144 471.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) +144.34 483.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 495.6 R +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 507.6 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 327.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 339.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 351.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 -(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 -1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) -4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) --.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 -381.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F -F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 393.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) -2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 405.6 R F3 .145 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 -G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 429.6 Q F2(ar) -3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 519.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 531.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 543.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 561.6 R F4 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 573.6 Q +(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 585.6 Q F4 +(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 597.6 R F2 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 +(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 621.6 Q F4(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 441.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 459.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) -3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) --.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ -urns a non\255zero e)144 471.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 483.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR) -2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 -(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 495.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 507.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 651.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E +F2(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 663.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +675.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 687.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 699.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 519.6 R +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 711.6 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 531.6 Q +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 723.6 Q (yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 -(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -549.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 561.6 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 573.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 602.4 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) -3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1144 614.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 626.4 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 638.4 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 650.4 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -662.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 674.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1 -2.612 E F0(and)144 686.4 Q F13.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 -F .731 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1 -144 698.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 710.4 R F1 -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 -(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 722.4 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(74)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(74) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .325(with the)144 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E -F1(type)5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 96 Q F1(ulimit)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 124.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S +.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 +(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F2144 148.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 +(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.612 +E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 +(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 +(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2 +3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) +5.23 F F2144 232.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2(type) +4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G +(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) +144 244.8 R F23.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F +.743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 +(commands is not consulted when using)144 256.8 R F23.723 E F0 +6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 1.223 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 +268.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.326 E +F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) +-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F +(found.)144 280.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 +(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 136.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 160.8 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -172.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 184.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 196.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 208.8 R F12.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F22.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 220.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -144 232.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 232.8 Q F1 -144 244.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 244.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F1144 256.8 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 256.8 Q F1144 268.8 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 268.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 280.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 280.8 Q F1144 -292.8 Q F0 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 405.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 +144 417.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 417.6 Q F2 +144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 429.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 441.6 Q F2144 453.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 453.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 465.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 465.6 Q F2144 +477.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -292.8 Q F1144 304.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -304.8 Q F1144 316.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 316.8 Q F1 -144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 328.8 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 340.8 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 340.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 352.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +477.6 Q F2144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +489.6 Q F2144 501.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 501.6 Q F2 +144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 513.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 525.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 352.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 364.8 Q F1144 376.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 376.8 Q F1 -144 388.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 388.8 Q F1 -144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 400.8 -Q F1144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 412.8 Q F1144 -424.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 424.8 Q F1 -144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 436.8 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 448.8 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 448.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +180 537.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 549.6 Q F2144 561.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 561.6 Q F2 +144 573.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 573.6 Q F2 +144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 585.6 +Q F2144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 597.6 Q F2144 +609.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 609.6 Q F2 +144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 621.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 633.6 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 633.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -460.8 Q F1144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -472.8 Q F1144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -484.8 Q F1144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 496.8 Q -(If)144 513.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -537.6 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 549.6 R 1.438 -(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 561.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 -(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -573.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 602.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 -(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ -therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 614.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -626.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 -(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 638.4 R .547 -(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 650.4 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 662.4 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 679.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 691.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21) -142.895 E(75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +645.6 Q F2144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +669.6 Q F2144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 681.6 Q +(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F22.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F2 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F2 +2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 +722.4 R F24.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 +4.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F24.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E +(75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(unset)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 -96 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo) --3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 -1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name) -144.36 108 Q F0 1.551(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551 -(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F -4.641(unset. If)144 120 R F14.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each) -4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F -(remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.439(unscaled v) +144 84 R 1.439(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438 +(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404 +(return status is 0 unless an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404 +(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 +108 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 136.8 +R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ +therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ +pted by)144 148.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +160.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 172.8 R .547 +(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G +(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 184.8 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 196.8 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 225.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E +F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 266.4 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 +3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 +(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 +(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 278.4 Q F0 1.55 +(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 290.4 R F1 +4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 +F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 144 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F -F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 156 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 -(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 168 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G -1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706(yo) --.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 192 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 314.4 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 +(options are supplied, each)144 326.4 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 +(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 338.4 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G +1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 350.4 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 362.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 204 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 220.8 Q +F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 +374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 232.8 S .027(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ -ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.026 E F2(n)2.886 E F0 .026 -(may be a process ID)2.766 F .256 -(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 +(Wa)144 403.2 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ +ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 +(may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 +(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 (ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E -F2(n)3.116 E F0 .318(is not gi)144 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .318 +F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 (n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 (hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 -(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .317(If the)5.317 F F1144 -268.8 Q F0 .361(option is supplied,)2.861 F F1(wait)2.861 E F0 -.1(wa) -2.861 G .361(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .362(xit status.)-.15 F(If) -5.362 E F2(n)3.222 E F0(speci\214es)3.102 E 2.596(an)144 280.8 S(on-e) --2.596 E .096(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F -.095(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15 -F(of the last process or job w)144 292.8 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 309.6 Q F0(If)108 321.6 Q F1 -(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 E -F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.897 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 333.6 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E -(beha)108 345.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 362.4 Q -(changing directories with)144 362.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 379.2 Q -(setting or unsetting the v)144 379.2 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E +(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1144 +439.2 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) +2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 +(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) +5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 451.2 S(on-e) +-2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F +.096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 +F(of the last process or job w)144 463.2 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 480 Q F0(If)108 492 Q F1(bash) +4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 +4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.896 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. 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+E(bfox@gnu.or)108 472.8 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 489.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C) +-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 501.6 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72 +518.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 +(If you \214nd a b)108 530.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F -3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 391.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 -F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 -(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 -(ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 403.2 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 -E F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 420 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 -(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F1(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F -.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 432 R .895 -.15 -(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F -.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F -(be mailed to)108 444 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 460.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) -108 477.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 489.6 -Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 501.6 -Q 2.5(Ad)108 513.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 -E 2.5(As)108 525.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 542.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 542.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 +(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 554.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 +E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 571.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 +(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 +(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 583.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) +-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 +(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F +(be mailed to)108 595.2 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 612 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 +628.8 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 640.8 Q +(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 652.8 Q +2.5(Ad)108 664.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E +2.5(As)108 676.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F4(bashb)108.27 693.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -559.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 576 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 588 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 604.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 -(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 616.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E -(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 633.6 Q(Shell b)108 650.4 Q -(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E -1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 667.2 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 679.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 691.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ -ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 703.2 Q(Array v)108 720 Q -(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(77)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +710.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(77)192.055 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(There may be only one acti)108 84 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 84 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 96 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 +(There are some subtle dif)108 112.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 +(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 +(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 124.8 Q F0 +(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 141.6 Q +(Shell b)108 158.4 Q +(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E +1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ +re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 187.2 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 +(mand in the sequence.)108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 +228 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(78)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 91429f54..8a569bb0 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ @xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6} @xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{29} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{29} -@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{29} @xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} @xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8} +@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{30} @xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{30} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{30} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching} @@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ @xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7} @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion} @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.1} -@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution} -@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2} @xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{36} @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{36} +@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution} +@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2} @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment} @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3} @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{37} @@ -146,92 +146,92 @@ @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4} @xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-title}{Bourne Shell Builtins} @xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.1} -@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{41} -@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-pg}{41} +@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{42} +@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-pg}{42} @xrdef{Bash Builtins-title}{Bash Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Bash Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.2} -@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{48} +@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{49} @xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-title}{Modifying Shell Behavior} @xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3} @xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin} @xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1} -@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{59} -@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{59} +@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{60} +@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{60} @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin} @xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2} -@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{63} +@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{64} @xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins} @xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4} -@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{69} +@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{70} @xrdef{Shell Variables-title}{Shell Variables} @xrdef{Shell Variables-snt}{Chapter@tie 5} @xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-title}{Bourne Shell Variables} @xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.1} @xrdef{Bash Variables-title}{Bash Variables} @xrdef{Bash Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.2} -@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{70} -@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{70} -@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{70} +@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{71} +@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{71} +@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{71} @xrdef{Bash Features-title}{Bash Features} @xrdef{Bash Features-snt}{Chapter@tie 6} @xrdef{Invoking Bash-title}{Invoking Bash} @xrdef{Invoking Bash-snt}{Section@tie 6.1} -@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{81} -@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{81} +@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{82} +@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{82} @xrdef{Bash Startup Files-title}{Bash Startup Files} @xrdef{Bash Startup Files-snt}{Section@tie 6.2} -@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{83} +@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{84} @xrdef{Interactive Shells-title}{Interactive Shells} @xrdef{Interactive Shells-snt}{Section@tie 6.3} @xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-title}{What is an Interactive Shell?} @xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.1} -@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{84} +@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{85} @xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-title}{Is this Shell Interactive?} @xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.2} @xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-title}{Interactive Shell Behavior} @xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.3} -@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{85} -@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{85} -@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{85} +@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{86} +@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{86} +@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{86} @xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-title}{Bash Conditional Expressions} @xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-snt}{Section@tie 6.4} -@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{86} +@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{87} @xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-title}{Shell Arithmetic} @xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-snt}{Section@tie 6.5} -@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{88} +@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{89} @xrdef{Aliases-title}{Aliases} @xrdef{Aliases-snt}{Section@tie 6.6} -@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{89} +@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{90} @xrdef{Arrays-title}{Arrays} @xrdef{Arrays-snt}{Section@tie 6.7} -@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{90} +@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{91} @xrdef{The Directory Stack-title}{The Directory Stack} @xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8} @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins} @xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1} -@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{92} -@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{92} +@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{93} +@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{93} @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt} @xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9} -@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{93} +@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{94} @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell} @xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10} -@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{94} +@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{95} @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode} @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.11} -@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{95} +@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{96} @xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control} @xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1} -@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{99} -@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{99} +@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{100} +@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{100} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2} -@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{100} +@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{101} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3} -@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{102} +@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{103} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8} @xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing} @@ -240,145 +240,145 @@ @xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1} -@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{103} -@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{103} -@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{103} +@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{104} +@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{104} +@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{104} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3} -@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{104} -@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{104} +@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{105} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4} @xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History} @xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5} -@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{105} -@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{105} -@xrdef{Searching-pg}{105} +@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{106} +@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{106} +@xrdef{Searching-pg}{106} @xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File} @xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1} -@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{106} -@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{106} +@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{107} +@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{107} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2} -@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{114} +@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{115} @xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File} @xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3} -@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{115} +@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{116} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1} @xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History} @xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2} -@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{118} -@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{118} -@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{119} +@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{119} +@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{119} +@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{120} @xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text} @xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3} -@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{120} +@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{121} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4} -@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{121} +@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{122} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6} -@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{123} -@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{123} +@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{124} +@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{124} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8} -@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{125} -@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{125} +@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{126} +@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{126} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6} -@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{127} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{128} +@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{128} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{129} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{130} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{131} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8} -@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{133} +@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{134} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2} -@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{136} -@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{136} -@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{136} +@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{137} +@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{137} +@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{137} @xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion} @xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3} @xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators} @xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1} -@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{138} +@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{139} @xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators} @xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2} -@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{139} -@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{139} +@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{140} +@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{140} @xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers} @xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3} -@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{140} +@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{141} @xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash} @xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10} @xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation} @xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2} -@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{141} -@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{141} +@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{142} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3} @xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names} @xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5} -@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{142} -@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{142} -@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{142} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{143} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6} @xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls} @xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7} @xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features} @xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8} -@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{143} -@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{143} -@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{144} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}} -@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{148} +@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{149} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}} -@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{149} +@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{150} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}} -@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{155} +@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{156} @xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes} @xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}} @xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1} -@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{163} -@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{163} +@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{164} +@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{164} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2} @xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index} @xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3} -@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{164} -@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{165} +@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{165} +@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{166} @xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index} @xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4} -@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{167} +@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{168} @xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index} @xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5} -@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{169} +@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{170} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index da0ac626..08e5334c 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -1,59 +1,59 @@ -\entry{:}{41}{\code {:}} -\entry{.}{41}{\code {.}} -\entry{break}{42}{\code {break}} -\entry{cd}{42}{\code {cd}} -\entry{continue}{42}{\code {continue}} -\entry{eval}{42}{\code {eval}} -\entry{exec}{43}{\code {exec}} -\entry{exit}{43}{\code {exit}} -\entry{export}{43}{\code {export}} -\entry{getopts}{43}{\code {getopts}} -\entry{hash}{44}{\code {hash}} -\entry{pwd}{44}{\code {pwd}} -\entry{readonly}{44}{\code {readonly}} -\entry{return}{45}{\code {return}} -\entry{shift}{45}{\code {shift}} -\entry{test}{45}{\code {test}} -\entry{[}{45}{\code {[}} -\entry{times}{47}{\code {times}} -\entry{trap}{47}{\code {trap}} -\entry{umask}{47}{\code {umask}} -\entry{unset}{48}{\code {unset}} -\entry{alias}{48}{\code {alias}} -\entry{bind}{48}{\code {bind}} -\entry{builtin}{49}{\code {builtin}} -\entry{caller}{50}{\code {caller}} -\entry{command}{50}{\code {command}} -\entry{declare}{50}{\code {declare}} -\entry{echo}{52}{\code {echo}} -\entry{enable}{52}{\code {enable}} -\entry{help}{53}{\code {help}} -\entry{let}{53}{\code {let}} -\entry{local}{53}{\code {local}} -\entry{logout}{54}{\code {logout}} -\entry{mapfile}{54}{\code {mapfile}} -\entry{printf}{54}{\code {printf}} -\entry{read}{55}{\code {read}} -\entry{readarray}{56}{\code {readarray}} -\entry{source}{57}{\code {source}} -\entry{type}{57}{\code {type}} -\entry{typeset}{57}{\code {typeset}} -\entry{ulimit}{57}{\code {ulimit}} -\entry{unalias}{59}{\code {unalias}} -\entry{set}{59}{\code {set}} -\entry{shopt}{63}{\code {shopt}} -\entry{dirs}{92}{\code {dirs}} -\entry{popd}{92}{\code {popd}} -\entry{pushd}{92}{\code {pushd}} -\entry{bg}{100}{\code {bg}} -\entry{fg}{100}{\code {fg}} -\entry{jobs}{100}{\code {jobs}} -\entry{kill}{101}{\code {kill}} -\entry{wait}{101}{\code {wait}} -\entry{disown}{101}{\code {disown}} -\entry{suspend}{101}{\code {suspend}} -\entry{compgen}{130}{\code {compgen}} -\entry{complete}{130}{\code {complete}} -\entry{compopt}{133}{\code {compopt}} -\entry{fc}{136}{\code {fc}} -\entry{history}{137}{\code {history}} +\entry{:}{42}{\code {:}} +\entry{.}{42}{\code {.}} +\entry{break}{43}{\code {break}} +\entry{cd}{43}{\code {cd}} +\entry{continue}{43}{\code {continue}} +\entry{eval}{43}{\code {eval}} +\entry{exec}{44}{\code {exec}} +\entry{exit}{44}{\code {exit}} +\entry{export}{44}{\code {export}} +\entry{getopts}{44}{\code {getopts}} +\entry{hash}{45}{\code {hash}} +\entry{pwd}{45}{\code {pwd}} +\entry{readonly}{45}{\code {readonly}} +\entry{return}{46}{\code {return}} +\entry{shift}{46}{\code {shift}} +\entry{test}{46}{\code {test}} +\entry{[}{46}{\code {[}} +\entry{times}{48}{\code {times}} +\entry{trap}{48}{\code {trap}} +\entry{umask}{48}{\code {umask}} +\entry{unset}{49}{\code {unset}} +\entry{alias}{49}{\code {alias}} +\entry{bind}{49}{\code {bind}} +\entry{builtin}{50}{\code {builtin}} +\entry{caller}{51}{\code {caller}} +\entry{command}{51}{\code {command}} +\entry{declare}{51}{\code {declare}} +\entry{echo}{53}{\code {echo}} +\entry{enable}{53}{\code {enable}} +\entry{help}{54}{\code {help}} +\entry{let}{54}{\code {let}} +\entry{local}{54}{\code {local}} +\entry{logout}{55}{\code {logout}} +\entry{mapfile}{55}{\code {mapfile}} +\entry{printf}{55}{\code {printf}} +\entry{read}{56}{\code {read}} +\entry{readarray}{57}{\code {readarray}} +\entry{source}{58}{\code {source}} +\entry{type}{58}{\code {type}} +\entry{typeset}{58}{\code {typeset}} +\entry{ulimit}{58}{\code {ulimit}} +\entry{unalias}{60}{\code {unalias}} +\entry{set}{60}{\code {set}} +\entry{shopt}{64}{\code {shopt}} +\entry{dirs}{93}{\code {dirs}} +\entry{popd}{93}{\code {popd}} +\entry{pushd}{93}{\code {pushd}} +\entry{bg}{101}{\code {bg}} +\entry{fg}{101}{\code {fg}} +\entry{jobs}{101}{\code {jobs}} +\entry{kill}{102}{\code {kill}} +\entry{wait}{102}{\code {wait}} +\entry{disown}{102}{\code {disown}} +\entry{suspend}{102}{\code {suspend}} +\entry{compgen}{131}{\code {compgen}} +\entry{complete}{131}{\code {complete}} +\entry{compopt}{134}{\code {compopt}} +\entry{fc}{137}{\code {fc}} +\entry{history}{138}{\code {history}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index da759535..85c13a7a 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -1,80 +1,80 @@ \initial {.} -\entry {\code {.}}{41} +\entry {\code {.}}{42} \initial {:} -\entry {\code {:}}{41} +\entry {\code {:}}{42} \initial {[} -\entry {\code {[}}{45} +\entry {\code {[}}{46} \initial {A} -\entry {\code {alias}}{48} +\entry {\code {alias}}{49} \initial {B} -\entry {\code {bg}}{100} -\entry {\code {bind}}{48} -\entry {\code {break}}{42} -\entry {\code {builtin}}{49} +\entry {\code {bg}}{101} +\entry {\code {bind}}{49} +\entry {\code {break}}{43} +\entry {\code {builtin}}{50} \initial {C} -\entry {\code {caller}}{50} -\entry {\code {cd}}{42} -\entry {\code {command}}{50} -\entry {\code {compgen}}{130} -\entry {\code {complete}}{130} -\entry {\code {compopt}}{133} -\entry {\code {continue}}{42} +\entry {\code {caller}}{51} +\entry {\code {cd}}{43} +\entry {\code {command}}{51} +\entry {\code {compgen}}{131} +\entry {\code {complete}}{131} +\entry {\code {compopt}}{134} +\entry {\code {continue}}{43} \initial {D} -\entry {\code {declare}}{50} -\entry {\code {dirs}}{92} -\entry {\code {disown}}{101} +\entry {\code {declare}}{51} +\entry {\code {dirs}}{93} +\entry {\code {disown}}{102} \initial {E} -\entry {\code {echo}}{52} -\entry {\code {enable}}{52} -\entry {\code {eval}}{42} -\entry {\code {exec}}{43} -\entry {\code {exit}}{43} -\entry {\code {export}}{43} +\entry {\code {echo}}{53} +\entry {\code {enable}}{53} +\entry {\code {eval}}{43} +\entry {\code {exec}}{44} +\entry {\code {exit}}{44} +\entry {\code {export}}{44} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {fc}}{136} -\entry {\code {fg}}{100} +\entry {\code {fc}}{137} +\entry {\code {fg}}{101} \initial {G} -\entry {\code {getopts}}{43} +\entry {\code {getopts}}{44} \initial {H} -\entry {\code {hash}}{44} -\entry {\code {help}}{53} -\entry {\code {history}}{137} +\entry {\code {hash}}{45} +\entry {\code {help}}{54} +\entry {\code {history}}{138} \initial {J} -\entry {\code {jobs}}{100} +\entry {\code {jobs}}{101} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {kill}}{101} +\entry {\code {kill}}{102} \initial {L} -\entry {\code {let}}{53} -\entry {\code {local}}{53} -\entry {\code {logout}}{54} +\entry {\code {let}}{54} +\entry {\code {local}}{54} +\entry {\code {logout}}{55} \initial {M} -\entry {\code {mapfile}}{54} +\entry {\code {mapfile}}{55} \initial {P} -\entry {\code {popd}}{92} -\entry {\code {printf}}{54} -\entry {\code {pushd}}{92} -\entry {\code {pwd}}{44} +\entry {\code {popd}}{93} +\entry {\code {printf}}{55} +\entry {\code {pushd}}{93} +\entry {\code {pwd}}{45} \initial {R} -\entry {\code {read}}{55} -\entry {\code {readarray}}{56} -\entry {\code {readonly}}{44} -\entry {\code {return}}{45} +\entry {\code {read}}{56} +\entry {\code {readarray}}{57} +\entry {\code {readonly}}{45} +\entry {\code {return}}{46} \initial {S} -\entry {\code {set}}{59} -\entry {\code {shift}}{45} -\entry {\code {shopt}}{63} -\entry {\code {source}}{57} -\entry {\code {suspend}}{101} +\entry {\code {set}}{60} +\entry {\code {shift}}{46} +\entry {\code {shopt}}{64} +\entry {\code {source}}{58} +\entry {\code {suspend}}{102} \initial {T} -\entry {\code {test}}{45} -\entry {\code {times}}{47} -\entry {\code {trap}}{47} -\entry {\code {type}}{57} -\entry {\code {typeset}}{57} +\entry {\code {test}}{46} +\entry {\code {times}}{48} +\entry {\code {trap}}{48} +\entry {\code {type}}{58} +\entry {\code {typeset}}{58} \initial {U} -\entry {\code {ulimit}}{57} -\entry {\code {umask}}{47} -\entry {\code {unalias}}{59} -\entry {\code {unset}}{48} +\entry {\code {ulimit}}{58} +\entry {\code {umask}}{48} +\entry {\code {unalias}}{60} +\entry {\code {unset}}{49} \initial {W} -\entry {\code {wait}}{101} +\entry {\code {wait}}{102} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index 6bddaea1..c79fecd2 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ \entry{command substitution}{29}{command substitution} \entry{expansion, arithmetic}{29}{expansion, arithmetic} \entry{arithmetic expansion}{29}{arithmetic expansion} -\entry{process substitution}{29}{process substitution} +\entry{process substitution}{30}{process substitution} \entry{word splitting}{30}{word splitting} \entry{expansion, filename}{30}{expansion, filename} \entry{expansion, pathname}{30}{expansion, pathname} @@ -71,48 +71,48 @@ \entry{exit status}{39}{exit status} \entry{signal handling}{39}{signal handling} \entry{shell script}{40}{shell script} -\entry{special builtin}{69}{special builtin} -\entry{login shell}{83}{login shell} -\entry{interactive shell}{83}{interactive shell} -\entry{startup files}{83}{startup files} +\entry{special builtin}{70}{special builtin} +\entry{login shell}{84}{login shell} \entry{interactive shell}{84}{interactive shell} -\entry{shell, interactive}{84}{shell, interactive} -\entry{expressions, conditional}{86}{expressions, conditional} -\entry{arithmetic, shell}{88}{arithmetic, shell} -\entry{shell arithmetic}{88}{shell arithmetic} -\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{88}{expressions, arithmetic} -\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{88}{evaluation, arithmetic} -\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{88}{arithmetic evaluation} -\entry{alias expansion}{89}{alias expansion} -\entry{arrays}{90}{arrays} -\entry{directory stack}{92}{directory stack} -\entry{prompting}{93}{prompting} -\entry{restricted shell}{94}{restricted shell} -\entry{POSIX Mode}{95}{POSIX Mode} -\entry{job control}{99}{job control} -\entry{foreground}{99}{foreground} -\entry{background}{99}{background} -\entry{suspending jobs}{99}{suspending jobs} -\entry{Readline, how to use}{102}{Readline, how to use} -\entry{interaction, readline}{103}{interaction, readline} -\entry{notation, readline}{104}{notation, readline} -\entry{command editing}{104}{command editing} -\entry{editing command lines}{104}{editing command lines} -\entry{killing text}{105}{killing text} -\entry{yanking text}{105}{yanking text} -\entry{kill ring}{105}{kill ring} -\entry{initialization file, readline}{106}{initialization file, readline} -\entry{variables, readline}{107}{variables, readline} -\entry{programmable completion}{128}{programmable completion} -\entry{completion builtins}{130}{completion builtins} -\entry{History, how to use}{135}{History, how to use} -\entry{command history}{136}{command history} -\entry{history list}{136}{history list} -\entry{history builtins}{136}{history builtins} -\entry{history expansion}{138}{history expansion} -\entry{event designators}{139}{event designators} -\entry{history events}{139}{history events} -\entry{installation}{141}{installation} -\entry{configuration}{141}{configuration} -\entry{Bash installation}{141}{Bash installation} -\entry{Bash configuration}{141}{Bash configuration} +\entry{startup files}{84}{startup files} +\entry{interactive shell}{85}{interactive shell} +\entry{shell, interactive}{85}{shell, interactive} +\entry{expressions, conditional}{87}{expressions, conditional} +\entry{arithmetic, shell}{89}{arithmetic, shell} +\entry{shell arithmetic}{89}{shell arithmetic} +\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{89}{expressions, arithmetic} +\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{89}{evaluation, arithmetic} +\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{89}{arithmetic evaluation} +\entry{alias expansion}{90}{alias expansion} +\entry{arrays}{91}{arrays} +\entry{directory stack}{93}{directory stack} +\entry{prompting}{94}{prompting} +\entry{restricted shell}{95}{restricted shell} +\entry{POSIX Mode}{96}{POSIX Mode} +\entry{job control}{100}{job control} +\entry{foreground}{100}{foreground} +\entry{background}{100}{background} +\entry{suspending jobs}{100}{suspending jobs} +\entry{Readline, how to use}{103}{Readline, how to use} +\entry{interaction, readline}{104}{interaction, readline} +\entry{notation, readline}{105}{notation, readline} +\entry{command editing}{105}{command editing} +\entry{editing command lines}{105}{editing command lines} +\entry{killing text}{106}{killing text} +\entry{yanking text}{106}{yanking text} +\entry{kill ring}{106}{kill ring} +\entry{initialization file, readline}{107}{initialization file, readline} +\entry{variables, readline}{108}{variables, readline} +\entry{programmable completion}{129}{programmable completion} +\entry{completion builtins}{131}{completion builtins} +\entry{History, how to use}{136}{History, how to use} +\entry{command history}{137}{command history} +\entry{history list}{137}{history list} +\entry{history builtins}{137}{history builtins} +\entry{history expansion}{139}{history expansion} +\entry{event designators}{140}{event designators} +\entry{history events}{140}{history events} +\entry{installation}{142}{installation} +\entry{configuration}{142}{configuration} +\entry{Bash installation}{142}{Bash installation} +\entry{Bash configuration}{142}{Bash configuration} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 25421fd9..81b1cccd 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ \initial {A} -\entry {alias expansion}{89} -\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{88} +\entry {alias expansion}{90} +\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{89} \entry {arithmetic expansion}{29} -\entry {arithmetic, shell}{88} -\entry {arrays}{90} +\entry {arithmetic, shell}{89} +\entry {arrays}{91} \initial {B} -\entry {background}{99} -\entry {Bash configuration}{141} -\entry {Bash installation}{141} +\entry {background}{100} +\entry {Bash configuration}{142} +\entry {Bash installation}{142} \entry {Bourne shell}{5} \entry {brace expansion}{21} \entry {builtin}{3} \initial {C} -\entry {command editing}{104} +\entry {command editing}{105} \entry {command execution}{37} \entry {command expansion}{36} -\entry {command history}{136} +\entry {command history}{137} \entry {command search}{37} \entry {command substitution}{29} \entry {command timing}{8} @@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ \entry {commands, shell}{8} \entry {commands, simple}{8} \entry {comments, shell}{7} -\entry {completion builtins}{130} -\entry {configuration}{141} +\entry {completion builtins}{131} +\entry {configuration}{142} \entry {control operator}{3} \entry {coprocess}{15} \initial {D} -\entry {directory stack}{92} +\entry {directory stack}{93} \initial {E} -\entry {editing command lines}{104} +\entry {editing command lines}{105} \entry {environment}{38} -\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{88} -\entry {event designators}{139} +\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{89} +\entry {event designators}{140} \entry {execution environment}{37} \entry {exit status}{3, 39} \entry {expansion}{21} @@ -48,43 +48,43 @@ \entry {expansion, parameter}{23} \entry {expansion, pathname}{30} \entry {expansion, tilde}{22} -\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{88} -\entry {expressions, conditional}{86} +\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{89} +\entry {expressions, conditional}{87} \initial {F} \entry {field}{3} \entry {filename}{3} \entry {filename expansion}{30} -\entry {foreground}{99} +\entry {foreground}{100} \entry {functions, shell}{17} \initial {H} -\entry {history builtins}{136} -\entry {history events}{139} -\entry {history expansion}{138} -\entry {history list}{136} -\entry {History, how to use}{135} +\entry {history builtins}{137} +\entry {history events}{140} +\entry {history expansion}{139} +\entry {history list}{137} +\entry {History, how to use}{136} \initial {I} \entry {identifier}{3} -\entry {initialization file, readline}{106} -\entry {installation}{141} -\entry {interaction, readline}{103} -\entry {interactive shell}{83, 84} +\entry {initialization file, readline}{107} +\entry {installation}{142} +\entry {interaction, readline}{104} +\entry {interactive shell}{84, 85} \entry {internationalization}{7} \initial {J} \entry {job}{3} -\entry {job control}{3, 99} +\entry {job control}{3, 100} \initial {K} -\entry {kill ring}{105} -\entry {killing text}{105} +\entry {kill ring}{106} +\entry {killing text}{106} \initial {L} \entry {localization}{7} -\entry {login shell}{83} +\entry {login shell}{84} \initial {M} \entry {matching, pattern}{31} \entry {metacharacter}{3} \initial {N} \entry {name}{3} \entry {native languages}{7} -\entry {notation, readline}{104} +\entry {notation, readline}{105} \initial {O} \entry {operator, shell}{3} \initial {P} @@ -96,41 +96,41 @@ \entry {pattern matching}{31} \entry {pipeline}{8} \entry {POSIX}{3} -\entry {POSIX Mode}{95} +\entry {POSIX Mode}{96} \entry {process group}{3} \entry {process group ID}{3} -\entry {process substitution}{29} -\entry {programmable completion}{128} -\entry {prompting}{93} +\entry {process substitution}{30} +\entry {programmable completion}{129} +\entry {prompting}{94} \initial {Q} \entry {quoting}{6} \entry {quoting, ANSI}{6} \initial {R} -\entry {Readline, how to use}{102} +\entry {Readline, how to use}{103} \entry {redirection}{32} \entry {reserved word}{3} -\entry {restricted shell}{94} +\entry {restricted shell}{95} \entry {return status}{4} \initial {S} -\entry {shell arithmetic}{88} +\entry {shell arithmetic}{89} \entry {shell function}{17} \entry {shell script}{40} \entry {shell variable}{18} -\entry {shell, interactive}{84} +\entry {shell, interactive}{85} \entry {signal}{4} \entry {signal handling}{39} -\entry {special builtin}{4, 69} -\entry {startup files}{83} -\entry {suspending jobs}{99} +\entry {special builtin}{4, 70} +\entry {startup files}{84} +\entry {suspending jobs}{100} \initial {T} \entry {tilde expansion}{22} \entry {token}{4} \entry {translation, native languages}{7} \initial {V} \entry {variable, shell}{18} -\entry {variables, readline}{107} +\entry {variables, readline}{108} \initial {W} \entry {word}{4} \entry {word splitting}{30} \initial {Y} -\entry {yanking text}{105} +\entry {yanking text}{106} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index 413eb36b..23522cba 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.fn b/doc/bashref.fn index 891db606..679db7cd 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fn +++ b/doc/bashref.fn @@ -1,108 +1,108 @@ -\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{118}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} -\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{118}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} -\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{118}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} -\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{118}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} -\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{118}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} -\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{118}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} -\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{118}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}} -\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{118}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}} -\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{118}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} -\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{118}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} -\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{119}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} -\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{119}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} -\entry{next-history (C-n)}{119}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} -\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{119}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} -\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{119}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} -\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{119}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} -\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{119}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} -\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{119}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} -\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{119}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} -\entry{history-search-forward ()}{119}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-search-backward ()}{119}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} -\entry{history-substr-search-forward ()}{119}{\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-substr-search-backward ()}{120}{\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}} -\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{120}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} -\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{120}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{120}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} -\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{120}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} -\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{120}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} -\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{120}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} -\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{120}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} -\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{121}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} -\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{121}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} -\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{121}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} -\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{121}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} -\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{121}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} -\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{121}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} -\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{121}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} -\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{121}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} -\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{121}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} -\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{121}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} -\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{122}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} -\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{122}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} -\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{122}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} -\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{122}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} -\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{122}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}} -\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{122}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} -\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{122}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} -\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{122}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} -\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{122}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} -\entry{kill-region ()}{122}{\code {kill-region ()}} -\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{122}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} -\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{122}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} -\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{122}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} -\entry{yank (C-y)}{122}{\code {yank (C-y)}} -\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{122}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} -\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{123}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} -\entry{universal-argument ()}{123}{\code {universal-argument ()}} -\entry{complete (TAB)}{123}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} -\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{123}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} -\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{123}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} -\entry{menu-complete ()}{123}{\code {menu-complete ()}} -\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{123}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} -\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{124}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} -\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{124}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} -\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{124}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} -\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{124}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} -\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{124}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} -\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{124}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} -\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{124}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} -\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{124}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} -\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{124}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} -\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{124}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} -\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{124}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} -\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{124}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} -\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{124}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} -\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{124}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} -\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{125}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} -\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{125}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} -\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{125}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} -\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{125}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} -\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{125}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} -\entry{abort (C-g)}{125}{\code {abort (C-g)}} -\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{125}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} -\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{125}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} -\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{125}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} -\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{125}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} -\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{125}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} -\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{125}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} -\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{125}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} -\entry{character-search (C-])}{125}{\code {character-search (C-])}} -\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{126}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} -\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{126}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} -\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{126}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} -\entry{dump-functions ()}{126}{\code {dump-functions ()}} -\entry{dump-variables ()}{126}{\code {dump-variables ()}} -\entry{dump-macros ()}{126}{\code {dump-macros ()}} -\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{126}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} -\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{126}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} -\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{127}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} -\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{127}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} -\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{127}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} -\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{127}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} -\entry{magic-space ()}{127}{\code {magic-space ()}} -\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{127}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{127}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{127}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{127}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} -\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{127}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}} +\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{119}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} +\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{119}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} +\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{119}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} +\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{119}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} +\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{119}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} +\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{119}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} +\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{119}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}} +\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{119}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}} +\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{119}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} +\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{119}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} +\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{120}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} +\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{120}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} +\entry{next-history (C-n)}{120}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} +\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{120}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} +\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{120}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} +\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{120}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} +\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{120}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} +\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{120}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} +\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{120}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} +\entry{history-search-forward ()}{120}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-search-backward ()}{120}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} +\entry{history-substr-search-forward ()}{120}{\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-substr-search-backward ()}{121}{\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}} +\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{121}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} +\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{121}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{121}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} +\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{121}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} +\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{121}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} +\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{121}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} +\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{121}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} +\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{122}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} +\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{122}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} +\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{122}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} +\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{122}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} +\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{122}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} +\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{122}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} +\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{122}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} +\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{122}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} +\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{122}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} +\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{122}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} +\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{123}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} +\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{123}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} +\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{123}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} +\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{123}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} +\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{123}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}} +\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{123}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} +\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{123}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} +\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{123}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} +\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{123}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} +\entry{kill-region ()}{123}{\code {kill-region ()}} +\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{123}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} +\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{123}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} +\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{123}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} +\entry{yank (C-y)}{123}{\code {yank (C-y)}} +\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{123}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} +\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{124}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} +\entry{universal-argument ()}{124}{\code {universal-argument ()}} +\entry{complete (TAB)}{124}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} +\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{124}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} +\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{124}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} +\entry{menu-complete ()}{124}{\code {menu-complete ()}} +\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{124}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} +\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{125}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} +\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{125}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} +\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{125}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} +\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{125}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} +\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{125}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} +\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{125}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} +\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{125}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} +\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{125}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} +\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{125}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} +\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{125}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} +\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{125}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} +\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{125}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} +\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{125}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} +\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{125}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} +\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{126}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} +\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{126}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} +\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{126}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} +\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{126}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} +\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{126}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} +\entry{abort (C-g)}{126}{\code {abort (C-g)}} +\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{126}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} +\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{126}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} +\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{126}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} +\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{126}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} +\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{126}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} +\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{126}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} +\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{126}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} +\entry{character-search (C-])}{126}{\code {character-search (C-])}} +\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{127}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} +\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{127}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} +\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{127}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} +\entry{dump-functions ()}{127}{\code {dump-functions ()}} +\entry{dump-variables ()}{127}{\code {dump-variables ()}} +\entry{dump-macros ()}{127}{\code {dump-macros ()}} +\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{127}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} +\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{127}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} +\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{128}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} +\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{128}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} +\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{128}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} +\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{128}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} +\entry{magic-space ()}{128}{\code {magic-space ()}} +\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{128}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{128}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{128}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{128}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} +\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{128}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.fns b/doc/bashref.fns index 1d88b56b..ab139d9f 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fns +++ b/doc/bashref.fns @@ -1,128 +1,128 @@ \initial {A} -\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{125} -\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{119} -\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{127} +\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{126} +\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{120} +\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{128} \initial {B} -\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{118} -\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{120} -\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{121} -\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{122} -\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{118} -\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{119} -\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{118} -\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{119} +\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{121} +\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{122} +\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{123} +\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{119} +\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{120} +\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{119} +\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{122} \initial {C} -\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{125} -\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{121} -\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{125} -\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{126} -\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{118} -\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{123} -\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{124} -\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{124} -\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{124} -\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{124} -\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{124} -\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{124} -\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{126} +\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{122} +\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{126} +\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{127} +\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{119} +\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{124} +\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{125} +\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{125} +\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{125} +\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{125} +\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{125} +\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{125} +\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{123} \initial {D} -\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{124} -\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{120} -\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{124} -\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{123} -\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{127} -\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{125} -\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{121} -\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{126} -\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{126} -\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{126} -\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{124} +\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{125} +\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{121} +\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{125} +\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{124} +\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{128} +\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{126} +\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{122} +\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{127} +\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{127} +\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{127} +\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{125} \initial {E} -\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{127} -\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{125} -\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{120} -\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{119} -\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{118} -\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{125} +\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{128} +\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{126} +\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{121} +\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{120} +\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{119} +\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{126} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{120} -\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{118} -\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{119} -\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{118} +\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{119} +\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{120} +\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{119} \initial {G} -\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{126} -\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{126} -\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{127} +\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{127} +\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{127} +\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{128} \initial {H} -\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{127} -\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{127} -\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{119} -\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{119} -\entry {\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}}{120} -\entry {\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}{119} +\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{128} +\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{128} +\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {history-substr-search-backward ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}{120} \initial {I} -\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{126} -\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{123} -\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{127} +\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{127} +\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{124} +\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{128} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{121} -\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{122} +\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{122} +\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{123} \initial {M} -\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{127} -\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{128} +\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{124} \initial {N} -\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{119} -\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{119} -\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{119} +\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{120} +\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{120} +\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{120} \initial {O} -\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{127} -\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{128} +\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{122} \initial {P} -\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{124} -\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{123} -\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{124} -\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{124} -\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{124} -\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{124} -\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{125} -\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{119} -\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{125} +\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{125} +\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{124} +\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{125} +\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{125} +\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{125} +\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{125} +\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{126} +\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{120} +\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{126} \initial {Q} -\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{120} +\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{121} \initial {R} -\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{125} -\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{118} -\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{119} -\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{125} +\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{126} +\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{119} +\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{120} +\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{126} \initial {S} -\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{121} -\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{125} -\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{118} -\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{127} -\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{118} -\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{126} -\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{125} +\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{122} +\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{126} +\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{119} +\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{128} +\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{119} +\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{127} +\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{126} \initial {T} -\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{125} -\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{121} -\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{121} +\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{126} +\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{122} +\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{122} \initial {U} -\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{125} -\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{123} -\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{122} -\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{122} -\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{121} +\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{126} +\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{123} +\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{123} +\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{123} +\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{122} \initial {Y} -\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{122} -\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{120} -\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{120} -\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{122} +\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{123} +\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{121} +\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{121} +\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{123} diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index c9a60aeb..96e02599 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@