diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 730381da..36ed873e 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -2942,3 +2942,52 @@ subst.c result must be passed to strcreplace - parameter_brace_patsub: call expand_string_for_patsub if patsub_replacement is set to quote + + 1/18 + ---- +subst.c + - read_comsub: make istring_index a size_t to avoid overflow with very + large values of istring_size. + From https://savannah.gnu.org/support/index.php?110596 + - expand_word_internal: make istring_index a size_t + + 1/20 + ---- +buitins/cd.def + - add a description of `cd -' to the help text. Suggested by + Rob Landley + + 1/21 + ---- +lib/glob/glob.c + - glob_vector: if we allocate NEXTLINK using malloc, and free it due to + some allocation failure, reset FIRSTMALLOC to avoid duplicate frees + later on + +subst.[ch] + - sub_append_string: the INDX parameter is now a size_t to avoid + overflow + +parse.y + - decode_prompt_string: RESULT_INDEX is now a size_t to pass to + sub_append_string + +jobs.[ch],nojobs.c + - wait_for_background_pids: now returns the number of jobs/processes + reaped + +builtins/wait.def + - wait_builtin: if -p pid supplied without -n, make sure we do something + useful if no job/pid arguments are supplied and there are no jobs. + Reported by Oguz + +builtins/read.def + - read_builtin: if we have a timeout, use SIGALRM instead of select + when in posix mode, since we use read instead of zread. Fixes bug + reported by Andreas Schwab + +subst.c + - expand_string_dollar_quote: handle single-quoted and double-quoted + strings that might include $' and $" without attempting translation; + do more error checking for unterminated $' and $" that leaves those + characters unmodified diff --git a/builtins/cd.def b/builtins/cd.def index 7205608c..b87c5d9d 100644 --- a/builtins/cd.def +++ b/builtins/cd.def @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ This file is cd.def, from which is created cd.c. It implements the builtins "cd" and "pwd" in Bash. -Copyright (C) 1987-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ $SHORT_DOC cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] Change the shell working directory. Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the -HOME shell variable. +HOME shell variable. If DIR is "-", it is converted to $OLDPWD. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:). diff --git a/builtins/read.def b/builtins/read.def index 64565268..8c889deb 100644 --- a/builtins/read.def +++ b/builtins/read.def @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ read_builtin (list) read_timeout->flags = SHTIMER_LONGJMP; #if defined (HAVE_SELECT) - read_timeout->flags |= edit ? SHTIMER_ALARM : SHTIMER_SELECT; + read_timeout->flags |= (edit || posixly_correct) ? SHTIMER_ALARM : SHTIMER_SELECT; #else read_timeout->flags |= SHTIMER_ALARM; #endif diff --git a/builtins/wait.def b/builtins/wait.def index 290fb26f..9bde1660 100644 --- a/builtins/wait.def +++ b/builtins/wait.def @@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ wait_builtin (list) currently active background processes. */ if (list == 0) { - wait_for_background_pids (&pstat); - if (vname) + opt = wait_for_background_pids (&pstat); + if (vname && opt) builtin_bind_var_to_int (vname, pstat.pid, bindflags); WAIT_RETURN (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 87259ee4..1705fdc7 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2021 December 26BASH(1) +BASH(1)2022 January 17BASH(1)

Index @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell

COPYRIGHT

-Bash is Copyright © 1989-2021 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Bash is Copyright © 1989-2022 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.  

DESCRIPTION

@@ -4215,18 +4215,27 @@ matches of pattern are deleted. If string is null, matches of pattern are deleted and the / following pattern may be omitted. +

If the patsub_replacement shell option is enabled using shopt, any unquoted instances of & in string are replaced with the matching portion of pattern. -Backslash is used to quote & in string; the backslash is removed +

+Quoting any part of string inhibits replacement in the +expansion of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored +in shell variables. +Backslash will escape & in string; the backslash is removed in order to permit a literal & in the replacement string. -Users should take care -if string is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions between -the backslash and double-quoting. -Pattern substitution performs the check for & after expanding -string; shell programmers should quote backslashes intended to escape -the & and inhibit replacement so they survive any quote removal -performed by the expansion of string. +Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash; \\ results in +a literal backslash in the replacement. +Users should take care if string is double-quoted to avoid +unwanted interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since +backslash has special meaning within double quotes. +Pattern substitution performs the check for unquoted & after +expanding string; +shell programmers should quote any occurrences of & +they want to be taken literally in the replacement +and ensure any instances of & they want to be replaced are unquoted. +

If the nocasematch @@ -14617,7 +14626,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.

-
GNU Bash 5.22021 December 26BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.22022 January 17BASH(1)
@@ -14723,7 +14732,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
BUGS
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20220105/doc/bash.1.
-Time: 11 January 2022 15:02:14 EST +This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
+Time: 18 January 2022 10:57:39 EST diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index a090315c..be07096f 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). +Bash shell (version 5.2, 17 January 2022). - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 17 January 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.2, 26 December 2021). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.2, 17 January 2022). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.2, last updated 26 December 2021, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 17 January 2022, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -2078,38 +2078,58 @@ omitted, the operator tests only for existence. If the 'patsub_replacement' shell option is enabled using 'shopt', any unquoted instances of '&' in STRING are replaced with the matching portion of PATTERN. This is intended to duplicate a - common 'sed' idiom. Backslash is used to quote '&' in STRING; the - backslash is removed in order to permit a literal '&' in the - replacement string. Pattern substitution performs the check for - '&' after expanding STRING, so users should take care to quote - backslashes intended to escape the '&' and inhibit replacement so - they survive any quote removal performed by the expansion of - STRING. For instance, + common 'sed' idiom. + + Quoting any part of STRING inhibits replacement in the expansion of + the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in shell + variables. Backslash will escape '&' in STRING; the backslash is + removed in order to permit a literal '&' in the replacement string. + Users should take care if STRING is double-quoted to avoid unwanted + interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since + backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern + substitution performs the check for unquoted '&' after expanding + STRING, so users should ensure to properly quote any occurrences of + '&' they want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure + any instances of '&' they want to be replaced are unquoted. + + For instance, var=abcdef + rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/& } echo "${var/abc/& }" - echo ${var/abc/"& "} + echo ${var/abc/$rep} + echo "${var/abc/$rep}" - will display three lines of "abc def", while + will display four lines of "abc def", while var=abcdef + rep='& ' echo ${var/abc/\& } echo "${var/abc/\& }" - echo ${var/abc/"\& "} + echo ${var/abc/"& "} + echo ${var/abc/"$rep"} - will display two lines of "abc def" and a third line of "& def". - The first two are replaced because the backslash is removed by - quote removal performed during the expansion of STRING (the - expansion is performed in a context that doesn't take any enclosing - double quotes into account, as with other word expansions). In the - third case, the double quotes affect the expansion of '\&', and, - because '&' is not one of the characters for which backslash is - special in double quotes, the backslash survives the expansion, - inhibits the replacement, but is removed because it is treated - specially. One could use '\\&', unquoted, as the replacement - string to achive the same effect. It should rarely be necessary to - enclose only STRING in double quotes. + will display four lines of "& def". Like the pattern removal + operators, double quotes surrounding the replacement string quote + the expanded characters, while double quotes enclosing the entire + parameter substitution do not, since the expansion is performed in + a context that doesn't take any enclosing double quotes into + account. + + Since backslash can escape '&', it can also escape a backslash in + the replacement string. This means that '\\' will insert a literal + backslash into the replacement, so these two 'echo' commands + + var=abcdef + rep='\\&xyz' + echo ${var/abc/\\&xyz} + echo ${var/abc/$rep} + + will both output '\abcxyzdef'. + + It should rarely be necessary to enclose only STRING in double + quotes. If the 'nocasematch' shell option (see the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed @@ -12422,138 +12442,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top894 -Node: Introduction2811 -Node: What is Bash?3024 -Node: What is a shell?4135 -Node: Definitions6670 -Node: Basic Shell Features9618 -Node: Shell Syntax10834 -Node: Shell Operation11857 -Node: Quoting13147 -Node: Escape Character14448 -Node: Single Quotes14930 -Node: Double Quotes15275 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16550 -Node: Locale Translation17857 -Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19165 -Node: Comments23279 -Node: Shell Commands23894 -Node: Reserved Words24829 -Node: Simple Commands25582 -Node: Pipelines26233 -Node: Lists29189 -Node: Compound Commands30981 -Node: Looping Constructs31990 -Node: Conditional Constructs34482 -Node: Command Grouping48823 -Node: Coprocesses50298 -Node: GNU Parallel52958 -Node: Shell Functions53872 -Node: Shell Parameters61160 -Node: Positional Parameters65545 -Node: Special Parameters66444 -Node: Shell Expansions69655 -Node: Brace Expansion71779 -Node: Tilde Expansion74510 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77128 -Node: Command Substitution94991 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion96343 -Node: Process Substitution97308 -Node: Word Splitting98425 -Node: Filename Expansion100366 -Node: Pattern Matching103112 -Node: Quote Removal107717 -Node: Redirections108009 -Node: Executing Commands117666 -Node: Simple Command Expansion118333 -Node: Command Search and Execution120440 -Node: Command Execution Environment122815 -Node: Environment125847 -Node: Exit Status127507 -Node: Signals129288 -Node: Shell Scripts132734 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands135758 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins137793 -Node: Bash Builtins159251 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior190104 -Node: The Set Builtin190446 -Node: The Shopt Builtin201044 -Node: Special Builtins216953 -Node: Shell Variables217929 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables218363 -Node: Bash Variables220464 -Node: Bash Features253277 -Node: Invoking Bash254287 -Node: Bash Startup Files260297 -Node: Interactive Shells265397 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?265804 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?266450 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior267262 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions270888 -Node: Shell Arithmetic275527 -Node: Aliases278468 -Node: Arrays281078 -Node: The Directory Stack287322 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins288103 -Node: Controlling the Prompt292360 -Node: The Restricted Shell295322 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode297929 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode309199 -Node: Job Control317225 -Node: Job Control Basics317682 -Node: Job Control Builtins322681 -Node: Job Control Variables328078 -Node: Command Line Editing329231 -Node: Introduction and Notation330899 -Node: Readline Interaction332519 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials333707 -Node: Readline Movement Commands335487 -Node: Readline Killing Commands336444 -Node: Readline Arguments338359 -Node: Searching339400 -Node: Readline Init File341583 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax342841 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs364326 -Node: Sample Init File368519 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands371640 -Node: Commands For Moving372841 -Node: Commands For History374889 -Node: Commands For Text379880 -Node: Commands For Killing383526 -Node: Numeric Arguments386556 -Node: Commands For Completion387692 -Node: Keyboard Macros391880 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands392564 -Node: Readline vi Mode398500 -Node: Programmable Completion399404 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins407181 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example417873 -Node: Using History Interactively423117 -Node: Bash History Facilities423798 -Node: Bash History Builtins426800 -Node: History Interaction431805 -Node: Event Designators435422 -Node: Word Designators436773 -Node: Modifiers438530 -Node: Installing Bash440338 -Node: Basic Installation441472 -Node: Compilers and Options445191 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures445929 -Node: Installation Names447619 -Node: Specifying the System Type449725 -Node: Sharing Defaults450438 -Node: Operation Controls451108 -Node: Optional Features452063 -Node: Reporting Bugs463278 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell464550 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License481397 -Node: Indexes506571 -Node: Builtin Index507022 -Node: Reserved Word Index513846 -Node: Variable Index516291 -Node: Function Index532780 -Node: Concept Index546561 +Node: Top892 +Node: Introduction2807 +Node: What is Bash?3020 +Node: What is a shell?4131 +Node: Definitions6666 +Node: Basic Shell Features9614 +Node: Shell Syntax10830 +Node: Shell Operation11853 +Node: Quoting13143 +Node: Escape Character14444 +Node: Single Quotes14926 +Node: Double Quotes15271 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16546 +Node: Locale Translation17853 +Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts19161 +Node: Comments23275 +Node: Shell Commands23890 +Node: Reserved Words24825 +Node: Simple Commands25578 +Node: Pipelines26229 +Node: Lists29185 +Node: Compound Commands30977 +Node: Looping Constructs31986 +Node: Conditional Constructs34478 +Node: Command Grouping48819 +Node: Coprocesses50294 +Node: GNU Parallel52954 +Node: Shell Functions53868 +Node: Shell Parameters61156 +Node: Positional Parameters65541 +Node: Special Parameters66440 +Node: Shell Expansions69651 +Node: Brace Expansion71775 +Node: Tilde Expansion74506 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion77124 +Node: Command Substitution95458 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion96810 +Node: Process Substitution97775 +Node: Word Splitting98892 +Node: Filename Expansion100833 +Node: Pattern Matching103579 +Node: Quote Removal108184 +Node: Redirections108476 +Node: Executing Commands118133 +Node: Simple Command Expansion118800 +Node: Command Search and Execution120907 +Node: Command Execution Environment123282 +Node: Environment126314 +Node: Exit Status127974 +Node: Signals129755 +Node: Shell Scripts133201 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands136225 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins138260 +Node: Bash Builtins159718 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior190571 +Node: The Set Builtin190913 +Node: The Shopt Builtin201511 +Node: Special Builtins217420 +Node: Shell Variables218396 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables218830 +Node: Bash Variables220931 +Node: Bash Features253744 +Node: Invoking Bash254754 +Node: Bash Startup Files260764 +Node: Interactive Shells265864 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?266271 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?266917 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior267729 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions271355 +Node: Shell Arithmetic275994 +Node: Aliases278935 +Node: Arrays281545 +Node: The Directory Stack287789 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins288570 +Node: Controlling the Prompt292827 +Node: The Restricted Shell295789 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode298396 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode309666 +Node: Job Control317692 +Node: Job Control Basics318149 +Node: Job Control Builtins323148 +Node: Job Control Variables328545 +Node: Command Line Editing329698 +Node: Introduction and Notation331366 +Node: Readline Interaction332986 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials334174 +Node: Readline Movement Commands335954 +Node: Readline Killing Commands336911 +Node: Readline Arguments338826 +Node: Searching339867 +Node: Readline Init File342050 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax343308 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs364793 +Node: Sample Init File368986 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands372107 +Node: Commands For Moving373308 +Node: Commands For History375356 +Node: Commands For Text380347 +Node: Commands For Killing383993 +Node: Numeric Arguments387023 +Node: Commands For Completion388159 +Node: Keyboard Macros392347 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands393031 +Node: Readline vi Mode398967 +Node: Programmable Completion399871 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins407648 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example418340 +Node: Using History Interactively423584 +Node: Bash History Facilities424265 +Node: Bash History Builtins427267 +Node: History Interaction432272 +Node: Event Designators435889 +Node: Word Designators437240 +Node: Modifiers438997 +Node: Installing Bash440805 +Node: Basic Installation441939 +Node: Compilers and Options445658 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures446396 +Node: Installation Names448086 +Node: Specifying the System Type450192 +Node: Sharing Defaults450905 +Node: Operation Controls451575 +Node: Optional Features452530 +Node: Reporting Bugs463745 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell465017 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License481864 +Node: Indexes507038 +Node: Builtin Index507489 +Node: Reserved Word Index514313 +Node: Variable Index516758 +Node: Function Index533247 +Node: Concept Index547028  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 59003607..9ca99f4a 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 2715369e..e101396c 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 11 15:02:05 2022 +%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 18 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-556.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 573.6 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 585.6 S +652.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 669.6 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 681.6 S .86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 -F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 597.6 R +F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 693.6 R F1(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -609.6 Q F2(U)144 633.6 Q F0 .143(The e)180 633.6 R .142 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F .142 -(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted to uppercase.).15 E F2(u)144 657.6 Q F0 .429(The e)180 657.6 R -.429(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 669.6 Q -F2(L)144 681.6 Q F0 .125(The e)180 681.6 R .124 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F -(ters con)180 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2 -(Q)144 705.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 705.6 R 1.064 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(E)144 84 Q F0 .441(The e)180 84 R .441 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44 -(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F -.15(ex)180 96 S -(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0(quoting mechanism.) -2.5 E F1(P)144 108 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 108 R 1.073 +SF(U)144 84 Q F0 .143(The e)180 84 R .142 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F +.142(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted to uppercase.).15 E F1(u)144 108 Q F0 .429(The e)180 108 R .429 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 120 Q F1(L) +144 132 Q F0 .125(The e)180 132 R .124 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F +(ters con)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(Q) +144 156 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 156 R 1.064 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 168 Q F1(E)144 180 Q F0 .441(The e)180 180 R .441 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F -.15 +(ex)180 192 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F1(P)144 204 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 204 R 1.073 (xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 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G 2.657(da).15 G .158(nd associati) --2.657 F .458 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 216 Q -(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 232.8 Q F2(par)4.403 E +-2.657 F .458 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 312 Q +(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 328.8 Q F2(par)4.403 E (ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.883 E F1(@)3.153 E F0(or)3.153 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in\ turn, and the e)-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.) -144 244.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 +144 340.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 (is an array v)3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .403(he opera-)-2.903 F (tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -256.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) -144 280.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 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retains its literal meaning e)108 444 R(xcept)-.15 E -.315(when follo)108 456 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 540 R(xcept)-.15 E +.315(when follo)108 552 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> 2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. 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When)108 564 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G 3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 480 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 496.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +(mand; none are treated specially)108 576 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 592.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 508.8 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 525.6 R .422 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 604.8 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 621.6 R .422 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 537.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 554.4 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 566.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 +F(on the results.)108 633.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 650.4 Q F0 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 662.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 578.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 595.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 612 Q +(The format for arithmetic e)108 674.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 691.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 708 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.735 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.975 E .235 (goes the same e)-.18 F .236 (xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .236 -(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F .421(ters in)108 624 R F2 -.2(ex)2.921 G -(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .421(are not treated specially and are remo) -2.921 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.921(d. 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Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E -1.379(The e)108 664.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 -(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) --.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 676.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 693.6 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 705.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) --.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 -(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 717.6 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 -(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 729.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(26)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F 2.8(ters in)108 720 R F2 -.2(ex)5.3 G(pr) +.2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.799(are not treated specially and are remo)5.3 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.299(d. All).15 F(tok)5.299 E 2.799(ens in the e)-.1 F +2.799(xpression under)-.15 F(go)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(26)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .56 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 84 R .56 -(vide input for)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I) -C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G(he)-3.059 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<\()3.059 E F1 -(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0 .559(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 -F(ar)108 96 Q .308(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F -F1(list)2.808 E F0 5.308(.P)C .309 -(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)-5.308 F -(port named pipes \()108 108 Q F1(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he) --2.5 E F2(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E -.897(When a)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution\ - is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 136.8 -Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 -.75(Wo)87 153.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 165.6 R 1.143 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .919 +(parameter and v)108 84 R .919(ariable e)-.25 F .919 +(xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G +3.419(l. The).25 F .92(result is treated as the)3.419 F(arithmetic e)108 +96 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(luated. Arithmetic).25 +F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 112.8 R +-.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.878 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 124.8 S(pr).2 E(ession) +-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E +(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 141.6 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 153.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) +-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 165.6 Q F4(<\()3.251 E F3 +(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F4(>\()3.251 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F3(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 177.6 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F4(>\()2.648 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 189.6 R .56 +(vide input for)-.15 F F3(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G +(he)-3.059 E F4(<\()3.059 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .559 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 201.6 Q .308 +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F3(list)2.808 E F0 +5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 213.6 Q F3(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F4(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va) +-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ +h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 +-.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.143 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 177.6 Q -F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 194.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q +F3(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 206.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F2()2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 218.4 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2 -()3.337 E F0(,)A F2()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F2 +108 312 R(If)5.207 E F1(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F4()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 324 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F4 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F4()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F4 ()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 230.4 R .345 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 336 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 -G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 +G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F1(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 242.4 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space)108 -254.4 Q F0(,)A F2(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F2(newline)2.506 -E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 -(ter is in the v)108 266.4 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) -3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) -3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 278.4 -R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 348 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F1(IFS)3.737 E +F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)108 +360 Q F0(,)A F4(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F4(newline)2.506 E +F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 +F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 +(ter is in the v)108 372 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 +E F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc) +-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F1(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not)3.17 F +F1(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 384 R 2.928 +(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 -F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 290.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 -G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .783(Explicit null ar)108 307.2 R .783 -(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F2 .833<0808>4.115 G +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F1(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 396 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G +(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .783(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R .783 +(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F4 .833<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .782 -(Unquoted im-)5.782 F .178(plicit null ar)108 319.2 R .179 +(Unquoted im-)5.782 F .178(plicit null ar)108 424.8 R .179 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.679(d. If).15 F 2.679 -(ap)2.679 G(a-)-2.679 E .319(rameter with no v)108 331.2 R .319 +(ap)2.679 G(a-)-2.679 E .319(rameter with no v)108 436.8 R .319 (alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F .319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F -(to a command as an empty string.)108 343.2 Q(When a quoted null ar)5 E +(to a command as an empty string.)108 448.8 Q(When a quoted null ar)5 E .001(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F .001(ord whose e)-.1 F -(xpansion)-.15 E .984(is non-null, the null ar)108 355.2 R .984 +(xpansion)-.15 E .984(is non-null, the null ar)108 460.8 R .984 (gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983 -(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -5.1673.483 -F F0(becomes)3.483 E F43.483 E F0 .983(after w)3.483 F .983 -(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 367.2 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) --.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 384 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 412.8 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F2(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F2([)2.871 E F0(.)A .634 +(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -5.1673.483 +F F0(becomes)3.483 E F53.483 E F0 .983(after w)3.483 F .983 +(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 472.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) +-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 489.6 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 506.4 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 518.4 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .634 (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 -424.8 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .633(rded as a).05 F F1 +530.4 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .633(rded as a).05 F F3 (pattern)4.383 E F0 3.133(,a).24 G .633(nd replaced)-3.133 F 1.34(with \ an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) -108 436.8 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E +108 542.4 R F1 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E F0(belo)3.59 E 3.84(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.84 E .534 -(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 448.8 R F2 +(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 554.4 R F4 (nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.534 E(the)108 460.8 Q F2(nullglob) +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.534 E(the)108 566.4 Q F4(nullglob) 3.284 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.284 F -.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.285 E F2 +.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.285 E F4 (failglob)3.285 E F0 .785(shell option is)3.285 F .754(set, and no matc\ hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.254(cuted. If).15 F .754(the shell)3.254 F -(option)108 484.8 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.263 E F0 .763 +578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.254(cuted. If).15 F .754(the shell)3.254 F +(option)108 590.4 Q F4(nocaseglob)3.263 E F0 .763 (is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.263 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .764(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 496.8 R .039 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 602.4 R .039 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 -508.8 Q .19(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.69 -(,u)-.65 G .19(nless the shell option)-2.69 F F2(dotglob)2.691 E F0 .191 +614.4 Q .19(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.69 +(,u)-.65 G .19(nless the shell option)-2.69 F F4(dotglob)2.691 E F0 .191 (is set.)2.691 F .191(In order to match the \214le-)5.191 F(names)108 -520.8 Q F2 -.63(``)3.645 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.145 E F2 -.63 +626.4 Q F4 -.63(``)3.645 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.145 E F4 -.63 (``)3.645 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 3.645(,t).63 G 1.145 (he pattern must be)-3.645 F 1.145(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 2.625 -.74('' \()-.7 H 1.145(for e).74 F 1.145(xample, `)-.15 F(`.?')-.74 E -1.145('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.645(ni).15 G(f)-3.645 E F2(dotglob) -3.644 E F0 1.144(is set.)3.644 F 1.144(If the)6.144 F F2(globskipdots) -108 532.8 Q F0 .153(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.653 F F2 --.63(``)2.653 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.153 E F2 -.63(``)2.654 G +1.145('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.645(ni).15 G(f)-3.645 E F4(dotglob) +3.644 E F0 1.144(is set.)3.644 F 1.144(If the)6.144 F F4(globskipdots) +108 638.4 Q F0 .153(shell option is enabled, the \214lenames)2.653 F F4 +-.63(``)2.653 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.153 E F4 -.63(``)2.654 G (..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .154(are ne)5.784 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(rm) .15 G .154(atched, e)-2.654 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(ni).15 G 2.654(ft) --2.654 G .154(he pattern be-)-2.654 F .12(gins with a)108 544.8 R F2 +-2.654 G .154(he pattern be-)-2.654 F .12(gins with a)108 650.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5.12(.W)C .12 -(hen not matching pathnames, the)-5.12 F F2 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G +(hen not matching pathnames, the)-5.12 F F4 -.63(``)2.62 G -.55(.').63 G (')-.08 E F0 .12(character is not treated specially)5.12 F 5.12(.W)-.65 -G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.54(ap)108 556.8 S 1.04 +G .12(hen matching)-5.12 F 3.54(ap)108 662.4 S 1.04 (athname, the slash character must al)-3.54 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.04 (ys be matched e).1 F 1.041(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 -F 1.041(ut in other)-.2 F .132(matching conte)108 568.8 R .132 +F 1.041(ut in other)-.2 F .132(matching conte)108 674.4 R .132 (xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) --.15 F 2.631(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.631 E F3 -.09(Pa)2.631 G(tter).09 E 2.381 -(nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.381 E(ing)108 580.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.605(See the description of)5.105 F F2(shopt)3.105 E F0(belo)3.105 E -3.106(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.106 E F3 .606(SHELL B)3.106 F(UIL)-.09 E .606 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .606(for a description of the)2.856 F F2(no-) -3.106 E(caseglob)108 592.8 Q F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F2 -(globskipdots)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 -(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 609.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) +-.15 F 2.631(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.631 E F1 -.09(Pa)2.631 G(tter).09 E 2.381 +(nM)-.135 G(atch-)-2.381 E(ing)108 686.4 Q F2(.)A F0 .605 +(See the description of)5.105 F F4(shopt)3.105 E F0(belo)3.105 E 3.106 +(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.106 E F1 .606(SHELL B)3.106 F(UIL)-.09 E .606 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .606(for a description of the)2.856 F F4(no-) +3.106 E(caseglob)108 698.4 Q F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F4 +(globskipdots)2.5 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F4 +(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 715.2 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE) 2.562 E F0 .062(shell v)2.312 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F1(pattern)3.811 E F0 5.061(.I).24 G(f)-5.061 E F3(GLO-)2.561 E -(BIGNORE)108 621.6 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)3.346 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.597 E F0 1.097 -(is re-)3.347 F(mo)108 633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.851(df).15 G .351 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.851 F .351(If the)5.351 F F2(nocaseglob) -2.851 E F0 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLO-)2.85 E(BIGNORE)108 645.6 Q F0 1.48 -(is performed without re)3.73 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.).05 F -1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F2 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -(and)6.48 E F2 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.481(are al) -7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.481(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 657.6 Q -F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 -(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F -.682(enabling the)108 669.6 R F2(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 681.6 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F -F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 -693.6 Q F2(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F3 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 705.6 Q F2 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 722.4 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(27)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F F3(pattern)3.811 E F0 5.061(.I).24 G(f)-5.061 E F1(GLO-)2.561 E +(BIGNORE)108 727.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.265 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.138 -(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ -ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H -(atches).65 E 2.721(itself. The)108 96 R .221 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.721 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .222(wing character; the es-)-.25 F -.418(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 108 R .418 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)108 84 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415 +(If the)6.415 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415 +(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 +F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .146 +(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 +(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +108 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 +(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F +.682(enabling the)108 120 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 132 Q 1.185 +(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 +-.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E +F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184(one of the patterns in) +6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 144 Q +F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 156 Q F1 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 172.8 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 189.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ +ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.721 +(itself. The)108 201.6 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +2.721 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .222 +(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 +(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 213.6 R .418 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.918(ya) --.15 G .418(re to)-2.918 F(be matched literally)108 120 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 153.6 -Q F0 .376(Matches an)180 153.6 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 +-.15 G .418(re to)-2.918 F(be matched literally)108 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 259.2 Q F0 .376 +(Matches an)180 259.2 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 (tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 165.6 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 271.2 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 (will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 177.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 189.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 201.6 Q -F0(Matches an)180 201.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 213.6 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 213.6 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +.)180 283.2 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 295.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 307.2 Q +F0(Matches an)180 307.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +F1([...])144 319.2 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 319.2 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 225.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E +(denotes a)180 331.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 237.6 Q -.15(ve) +3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 249.6 R 1.123 +1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 355.2 R 1.123 (wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 261.6 R .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 367.2 R .894 (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 273.6 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875 -E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F -.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376 -(btain the tra-).8 F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 285.6 R -.068(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 297.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +180 379.2 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +(or)2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 391.2 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 403.2 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 .156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 .157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 309.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 321.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 339.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 +180 415.2 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 427.2 Q -.4(Wi) +180 445.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 351.6 Q +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 457.2 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 363.6 R 5.889 -(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 375.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F -F0 4.289(Ac)180 387.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 469.2 R 5.889 +(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 481.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F +F0 4.289(Ac)180 493.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289 (yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 399.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 417.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 505.2 Q -.4(Wi) +180 523.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=]) A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 429.6 R -(the character)180 441.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 459.6 S(thin).4 + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 535.2 R +(the character)180 547.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 565.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) -2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 476.4 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54 +2.5 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 582 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54 (shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539 (ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108 -488.4 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +594 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .038 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 500.4 Q F1 +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 606 Q F1 (|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C (omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E -(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 524.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 536.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 548.4 Q F2 +(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 642 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 654 Q F4(pattern-list) +.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 +666 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 678 Q F4 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 560.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 572.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 584.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 596.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 608.4 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 620.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 632.4 Q(ything e) --.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns) --2.5 E .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 649.2 R F1(dotglob)3.488 -E F0 .988 -(shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when) -3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 661.2 Q F0 1.391 -(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F -1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.892(,b).74 G 1.392 -(ut `)-4.092 F(`.)-.74 E 2.872 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.392(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 -E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298 -(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 673.2 R .298 -(gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15 -F(y)-.15 E .327(\214lenames be)108 685.2 R .327(ginning with `)-.15 F -(`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 -(nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.) --.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328 -(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 697.2 Q -.969(Complicated e)108 714 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F -.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 -(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 726 R 1.23 -(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(28)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 702 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 714 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G +(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(28)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -84 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Quote Remo)87 100.8 Q --.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 112.8 R 1.113 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(!\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E +F0(Matches an)180 96 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .988 +(When matching \214lenames, the)108 112.8 R F1(dotglob)3.488 E F0 .988 +(shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when) +3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 124.8 Q F0 1.391 +(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F +1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.892(,b).74 G 1.392 +(ut `)-4.092 F(`.)-.74 E 2.872 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.392(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 +E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298 +(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 136.8 R .298 +(gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15 +F(y)-.15 E .327(\214lenames be)108 148.8 R .327(ginning with `)-.15 F +(`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 +(nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.) +-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328 +(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 160.8 Q +.969(Complicated e)108 177.6 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F +.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .09 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 189.6 R .091 +(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .091(ainst shorter strings, or us-) +-.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) +108 201.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 218.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G +(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 230.4 R 1.113 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 124.8 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 141.6 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37 -(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 -(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429(by the shell.)108 -165.6 R F3(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 E .428(ws commands\ -' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 -F(dif)108 177.6 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the \ -command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be) -6.02 F .215(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 -189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F -(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862 -(may precede or appear an)108 201.6 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 -.862(simple command)3.702 F F0 .862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G -F3(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R).77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F -(processed in the order the)108 213.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection that may be p\ -receded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded by a w)108 -230.4 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 242.4 R F3(varname)A F0 -2.793(}. In)B .293(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F -.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 -254.4 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to) --3.18 F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 266.4 Q -F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F3 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 242.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 259.2 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429 +(by the shell.)108 283.2 R F2(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 +E .428(ws commands' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, ma\ +de to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 295.2 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can cha\ +nge the \214les the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 +(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 307.2 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108 +319.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0 +.862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R) +.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 331.2 +Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771 +(Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\ +y instead be preceded by a w)108 348 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292 +(the form {)108 360 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 372 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 384 Q F0 +.599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 (varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F -.794(persists be)108 278.4 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo) --.15 F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor') --.25 F(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 290.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1 -(va)2.5 G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha) -2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 307.2 R .284(wing descr\ -iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ -aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 319.2 R F1(<) -3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +.794(persists be)108 396 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 +F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F +(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 408 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 +G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 424.8 R .284(wing descriptio\ +ns, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst charact\ +er of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 436.8 R F1(<)3.012 E +F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 331.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 448.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 348 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 465.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 360 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 477.6 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 372 R +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 489.6 R .866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 384 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 400.8 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 417.6 Q F1(>)2.5 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 501.6 S(rd,).1 E F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 518.4 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 535.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 434.4 -Q F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 -451.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 468 R F3(dirlist)3.355 E -F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 552 Q +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 568.8 +Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .505 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 585.6 R F2(dirlist)3.355 +E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 480 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F3 -(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 496.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 508.8 R .978 +(output before the standard output w)108 597.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 614.4 Q F0 .598(handles se) +3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F +3.099(ya)-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) +-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 626.4 R .978 (the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 (is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 520.8 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 537.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F3(fd)A F0(If)180 549.6 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 561.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 573.6 Q F1(/de)144 585.6 Q -(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 597.6 Q F1(/de) -144 609.6 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 -621.6 Q F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0 -(If)180 645.6 Q F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 657.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -669.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 681.6 Q F3 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 693.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -710.4 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 727.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(29)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 638.4 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 655.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 667.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 679.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 691.2 Q F1(/de)144 703.2 Q +(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 715.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 84 Q(.)-.65 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Redir)87 100.8 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/) +A F2(port)A F0(If)180 120 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 132 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +144 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 156 Q F2(host) +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 168 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 +184.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 201.6 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 213.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +230.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 112.8 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.231 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .391(to be opened for read-)3.661 F -(ing on \214le descriptor)108 124.8 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5 -(rt)-2.5 G(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 -E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 141.6 Q([)144 158.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 175.2 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 +108 242.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 254.4 Q F2 +(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 271.2 Q([)144 288 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 304.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 187.2 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 199.2 +108 316.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 328.8 R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 .083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F -(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 211.2 Q +(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 340.8 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 228 Q([)144 244.8 Q +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 357.6 Q([)144 374.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 261.6 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +(If the redirection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C .154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 273.6 R +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 403.2 R .658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 (ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 285.6 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 (option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -297.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +427.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -314.4 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 326.4 R .642 +444 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 456 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 338.4 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 468 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 .455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 -350.4 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 367.2 Q([)144 384 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 400.8 Q +480 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 496.8 Q([)144 513.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 530.4 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 412.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 542.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -424.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 441.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +554.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 571.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 458.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 470.4 Q F1(>&)144 482.4 Q -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 499.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 588 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 600 Q F1(>&)144 612 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 628.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 516 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E -F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 532.8 R F2(wor)2.614 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 -2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115 -(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 544.8 Q F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 561.6 S +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 645.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 662.4 R F2(wor) +2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) +-.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 674.4 Q +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 691.2 S (pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 573.6 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 703.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -585.6 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -602.4 Q F1(&>>)144 619.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 636 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>>) -144 652.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 669.6 -Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Her)87 686.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ -ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 698.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 710.4 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 -(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 722.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(30)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +715.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2A -F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 112.8 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 -124.8 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 141.6 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F -.302(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 84 +Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&>>)144 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108 117.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) +.25 E F1(>>)144 134.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(\(see)108 151.2 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 168 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This \ +type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current \ +source until a line containing only)108 180 R F2(delimiter)108.35 192 Q +F0 .615(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 204 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2 +(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 220.8 Q([)144 237.6 Q F2(n)A F0(]) +A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 249.6 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 261.6 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +278.4 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 -153.6 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 --.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 -(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 +290.4 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 +-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 +(is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 165.6 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +-2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 302.4 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 177.6 R 1.194 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 314.4 R 1.194 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 -(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 189.6 Q F2(\\) -2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -(If the redirection operator is)108 206.4 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 326.4 Q F1(\\) +2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +(If the redirection operator is)108 343.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 218.4 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 355.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 235.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 247.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 264 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 280.8 Q F1 +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 372 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(Av)108 384 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)144 +400.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 417.6 Q F2 (wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 292.8 S +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S 1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 (ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 304.8 R .374(wline appended\ +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 441.6 R .374(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) -108 316.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E -F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 333.6 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 345.6 Q([)144 362.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -.126(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 379.2 R(If)5.127 -E F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +108 453.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 470.4 Q F0(The redirection operator) +108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +.126(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 516 R(If)5.127 E +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -391.2 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +528 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 403.2 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 415.2 Q -(The operator)108 432 Q([)144 448.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 465.6 R -(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 540 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 552 Q +(The operator)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 477.6 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 614.4 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F2(wor)3.406 E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 489.6 R F1(wor)3.544 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F23.204 E F0 -3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0 -.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E -.965(not e)108 501.6 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 626.4 R F2(wor)3.544 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F13.204 E F0 +3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.203 E F0 +.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F2(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E +.965(not e)108 638.4 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 513.6 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 530.4 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 542.4 Q([) -144 559.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 576 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F1 -(digit)3.018 E F0 .518(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F1(n)3.378 E F0 +-3.466 F(pre)108 650.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 667.2 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([) +144 696 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 712.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F2 +(digit)3.018 E F0 .518(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F2(n)3.378 E F0 3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt)-3.018 G .517 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F1(n)3.017 E F0 -.517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 588 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 -(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 604.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 621.6 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 638.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F1(digit)2.767 E F0 -.267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F1(n)3.127 E F0 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767 -(rt)-2.767 G .268(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F -F1(n)2.768 E F0 .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 650.4 Q F2 -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 667.2 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([)144 696 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -712.8 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 -(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F -(scriptor)108 724.8 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5 -<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E -(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(31)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F2(n)3.017 E F0 +.517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 724.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 +(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96 -Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) --3.173 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Similarly)108 84 Q +2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F1(digit)A F2 +A F0(mo)108 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.767(st).15 G .267 +(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F1(digit)2.767 E F0 .267 +(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F1(n)3.127 E F0 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767(rt) +-2.767 G .268(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F F1 +(n)2.768 E F0 .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 129.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 146.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 158.4 Q([)144 175.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +192 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518 +(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F +(scriptor)108 204 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c> +-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 +E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 220.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 232.8 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(alias)2.893 E F0(and)2.893 E F3(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393 -(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B) -4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98 -(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .473 -(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472 -(The characters)5.472 F F3(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F3($)2.972 E F0(,)A F3<92> -2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611 -(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E -(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 244.8 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 256.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 268.8 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 280.8 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 156 R 1.12 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 292.8 R 1.12 (replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 304.8 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 180 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 192 R +.296(not e)108 316.8 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) --3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) +-3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 340.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 357.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .741 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 374.4 R .741 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E -.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 249.6 Q +.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 386.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 -266.4 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 -.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +403.2 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F2(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 +.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 415.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -295.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 -(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 307.2 R 3.17(eu) +432 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1(wa) +-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 444 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059 +1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 456 R 1.059 (Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.074(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 -F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G -.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +.074(when it is e)108 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 F +.075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comman\ +d does not)2.574 F(tak)108 480 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G .338 +(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 (The commands follo)5.337 F .337 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 -355.2 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) --3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) --.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 -(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) -108 379.2 R .403 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 492 +R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This)-3.051 F +(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-)-.15 E .426 +(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ +e)108 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425(cuted, because a function de\214nition) +.15 F .403(is itself a command.)108 516 R .403 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F -.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) -108 391.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) +108 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 -(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F3 -(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 403.2 Q -.15 -(Fo)108 420 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1 -(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 448.8 S .967 +(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F2 +(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 540 Q -.15 +(Fo)108 556.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 +(FUNCTIONS)72 573.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 585.6 S .967 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 460.8 R +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 (cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(shell; no ne)108 621.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .639(function is e)108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 508.8 -R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 645.6 +R F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 657.6 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 549.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL) +1.215(these e)108 686.4 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 698.4 S(IL) .09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 710.4 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 585.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 -(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 597.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .656 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 626.4 R .05 -(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F3(local) -2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G -(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ -hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.185(Local v) -6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 -(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F -.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 -662.4 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ - to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688 -(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 -(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .727 -(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726 -(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726 -(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 715.2 R .007 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 -(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(32)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 722.4 S 1.616(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F +F2(DEB)4.116 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.116 E F2(RETURN)4.116 E F0 1.616 +(traps\), and the)4.116 F F4(ERR)4.116 E F0 1.616(trap is not)3.866 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(32)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.116 --.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(inherited unless the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255o errtrace)2.5 +E F0(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 100.8 S .656 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 112.8 R .05 +(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) +-.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F1(local) +2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G +(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ +hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 124.8 R 1.185(Local v) +6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 136.8 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 +(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F +.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 +148.8 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ + to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 160.8 R .688 +(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 +(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 172.8 Q .727 +(The shell uses)108 189.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727 +(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E +3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G +.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 201.6 R .007 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 +(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) +108 213.6 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 225.6 Q +2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) -108 96 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +108 237.6 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -112.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) -2.724 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F1(func1)2.723 E F0 -.223(calls another function)2.723 F F1(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 124.8 R F1(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F1(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F1(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F -(y)-.15 E(global v)108 136.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G -.483(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 -(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 165.6 R .19 +254.4 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 +(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F2(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F2(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 +(calls another function)2.723 F F2(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 266.4 R F2(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F2(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F2(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 278.4 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F2(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 295.2 Q F1(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F1(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 307.2 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.721(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ +-5.19 E 2.721(av)108 319.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ -func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 189.6 R .013 +func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 331.2 R .013 (Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 (nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 (vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) -108 201.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F +108 343.2 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 -(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 213.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 355.2 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 372 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 400.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 271.2 R 1.011 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 412.8 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 283.2 R +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 424.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 295.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 436.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 312 R F2 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 324 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 -(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 453.6 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 465.6 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.046(\214le and line number)108 336 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G -(he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 +.046(\214le and line number)108 477.6 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G +(he)-2.546 E F1(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 (xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493 -(processes \(those created when e)108 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 +(processes \(those created when e)108 489.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 (cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492 -(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 360 Q F23.2 E F0 .7 -(option to the)3.2 F F2(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F -.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F23.201 -E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F2(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 372 S -(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 501.6 Q F13.2 E F0 .7 +(option to the)3.2 F F1(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F +.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F13.201 +E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F1(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 513.6 S +(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 530.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 400.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 542.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 412.8 Q +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) -72 429.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 -(The shell allo)108 441.6 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 +72 571.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 +(The shell allo)108 583.2 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.588 E F0 -(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 453.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G -.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 -(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 465.6 Q 1.058 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)3.588 E F0 +(and)3.588 E F1(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 595.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G +.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +(compound command, and)3.452 F F1 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 +3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 607.2 Q 1.058 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 477.6 R(vity)-.25 E +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 619.2 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 489.6 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +(lo)108 631.2 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) 5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 501.6 Q F1(id)108 518.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id) -2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 530.4 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 542.4 S -F0(unary minus and plus)144 542.4 Q F2(++)108 554.4 Q F1(id)A F2 -2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 566.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5(!~)108 578.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 578.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -590.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 590.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 602.4 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 602.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 614.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 614.4 Q F2(<< >>)108 626.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 626.4 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 638.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 650.4 Q F2(== !=)108 662.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 662.4 Q F2(&)108 674.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 674.4 Q F2(^)108 686.4 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 686.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 698.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 698.4 Q F2(&&)108 710.4 Q F0(logical AND) -144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(33)185.955 -E 0 Cg EP +(of decreasing precedence.)108 643.2 Q F2(id)108 660 Q F1(++)A F2(id)2.5 +E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 672 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 684 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 684 Q F1(++)108 696 Q F2(id)A F12.5 E F2 +(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 708 S(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(||)108 84 Q F0(logical OR)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 -96 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 108 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 120 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +SF 2.5(!~)108 84 S F0(logical and bitwise ne)144 84 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +(tion).05 E F1(**)108 96 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 96 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5 +(*/%)108 108 S F0(multiplication, di)144 108 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E +F1 2.5<2bad>108 120 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 120 Q F1(<< >>)108 +132 Q F0(left and right bitwise shifts)144 132 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 144 Q +F0(comparison)144 156 Q F1(== !=)108 168 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 168 Q F1(&)108 180 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 180 Q F1(^)108 192 Q F0 +(bitwise e)144 192 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 +204 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 204 Q F1(&&)108 216 Q F0(logical AND)144 216 Q +F1(||)108 228 Q F0(logical OR)144 228 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex) +108 240 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E +F0(conditional operator)144 252 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 264 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 (=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 132 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 144 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 156 Q .68(Shell v)108 172.8 R .68 +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 276 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 288 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 300 Q .68(Shell v)108 316.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 184.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 328.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 196.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.421(ing the parameter e)108 208.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 +.421(ing the parameter e)108 352.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 (The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) -.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F -.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 220.8 R .154 +.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 364.8 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) -2.654 E F2(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 (ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 -(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 232.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 376.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 -(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 244.8 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 261.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F +(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 388.8 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 405.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F 3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F <8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 273.6 S .783 +5.518 F 3.283(al)108 417.6 S .783 (eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G .782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 285.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 +-.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 429.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 (he form [)-3.315 F F2(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F2(base) 3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 297.6 R F2(n)2.85 E F0 .35 +F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 441.6 R F2(n)2.85 E F0 .35 (is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F2(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 309.6 Q F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ +(fying)108 453.6 Q F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 -(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 321.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) +(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 465.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.518 E F2(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -333.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +477.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 494.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 362.4 S +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 506.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 379.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 391.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 523.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 535.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) 2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.133(\214le attrib)108 403.2 R .133 +.133(\214le attrib)108 547.2 R .133 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E F1(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F1([)2.634 E F0 .134 -(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 415.2 Q .198 +(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 559.2 Q .198 (vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 (guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) --.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 427.2 Q .234 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 444 R .234 +-.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 571.2 Q .234 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 588 R .234 (wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 (handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 -(cially when the)108 456 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F +(cially when the)108 600 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F F1(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F .344(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ -m internally with this beha)108 468 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2 +m internally with this beha)108 612 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2 (\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 480 R F2(/de)3.306 E +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 624 R F2(/de)3.306 E (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F2(n) 3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F2 (\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 492 R F2(/de)2.529 E +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 636 R F2(/de)2.529 E (v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) -2.53 E F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 648 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 520.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 532.8 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 550.8 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +108 664.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 676.8 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 694.8 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -562.8 Q F1108 586.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 -598.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 -610.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 610.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1 -108 622.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 622.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1 -108 634.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 634.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 646.8 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 658.8 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 658.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 670.8 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 670.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 682.8 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 682.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F1108 694.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -694.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F1108 706.8 Q F2(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 706.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 718.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 718.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(34)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +706.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 S -(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2(fd)4.47 E F0 -(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1108 108 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 132 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 +S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 +96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 108 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 +120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 132 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re) +.15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) +-2.5 E F1108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S(ue if).35 +E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F1108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S(ue if).35 E +F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 +216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1 +108 228 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 240 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1 +108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 264 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 +276 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 288 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2 +108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 180 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 192 Q F1 -(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 324 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1 +(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 216 Q F02.5 E F1(nt) -A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 360 Q F02.5 E F1(nt) +A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 (is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 -(\214le1)108 240 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 +(\214le1)108 384 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 264 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 408 Q F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 (optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 288 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 300 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -324 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 336 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +468 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the shell v).35 E (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1108 348 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 360 S +2.68 E F1108 492 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 504 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 372 Q F1108 384 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 396 S +108 516 Q F1108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 412.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 424.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 436.8 S .861 +(string1)108 556.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 568.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 (command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 -448.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +592.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 460.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 477.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 489.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 506.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 518.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 621.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 633.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 650.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 662.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 535.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 547.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -564 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 576 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 588 R -F2(ar)144 600 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 -(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) -.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 -(command,)144 612 Q F2(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F2(Ar)4.447 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 -(luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 624 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 640.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 652.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 -(wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F -(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 664.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 681.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 681.6 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 -(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 710.4 Q .179(The w)144 710.4 R .179 -(ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 -722.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 -(ords are)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(35) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(35)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the ar)144 84 Q -(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 100.8 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)108 117.6 Q .716(The te)144 117.6 R .717 -(xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v) -3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F -.717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 -(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 129.6 R .339 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 +E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 96 Q F0 .385 +(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 +2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 +(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E +(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ +qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1(ar)144 +120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E(g2)-.37 E +F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G +-2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.59 +(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0(command,) +144 132 Q F1(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F1(Ar)4.447 E(g2)-.37 E +F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937(luated as arithmetic e).25 F +.937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937(ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E +(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 160.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.613(When a simple command is e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +(rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 184.8 Q(wing order)-.25 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 201.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 201.6 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 230.4 Q .179(The w)144 230.4 R .179 +(ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 +242.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 +(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 +(ords are)-.1 F(the ar)144 254.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 271.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) +108 288 Q .716(The te)144 288 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 +(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 300 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 141.6 Q -.586(If no command name results, the v)108 158.4 R .586 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 312 Q .586 +(If no command name results, the v)108 328.8 R .586 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \ \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ -ssignment statements)108 170.4 R .835 -(are performed before redirections.)108 182.4 R .835(Otherwise, the v) +ssignment statements)108 340.8 R .835 +(are performed before redirections.)108 352.8 R .835(Otherwise, the v) 5.835 F .835(ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835 (vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839 -(command and do not af)108 194.4 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F +(command and do not af)108 364.8 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E 3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G -.838(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 206.4 S +.838(he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 376.8 S (lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e) -.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 223.2 R +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 393.6 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 235.2 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 405.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 252 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 422.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 264 -R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +434.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 276 R .466 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 446.4 R .466 (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 288 Q -(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 304.8 Q F0 .546 -(After a command has been split into w)108 316.8 R .547 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 458.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 475.2 Q F0 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 487.2 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 328.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 499.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 345.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 516 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 357.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F1(FUNCTIONS) -2.746 E F2(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 369.6 Q 2.5 +108 528 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 540 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 386.4 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 398.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.162 G +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 556.8 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 +(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 568.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G (TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 +G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 (uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 -410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F3(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) +580.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 -(search of the directories in)108 422.4 R F1 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +(search of the directories in)108 592.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) 2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ -es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 434.4 R F3(command_not_f) -3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 446.4 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 604.8 R F2(command_not_f) +3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 616.8 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G 1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 (vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 -(and the original command')108 458.4 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G +(and the original command')108 628.8 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G .256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 (se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F -.263(tus of that subshell.)108 470.4 R .263(If that function is not de\ +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 640.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 -(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 482.4 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 652.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 -(named program in a separate e)108 511.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 +(named program in a separate e)108 681.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 (gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 523.2 Q +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 693.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 540 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 710.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.548(,i)-.65 G 3.548(ti)-3.548 G 3.548(sa)-3.548 G(s-)-3.548 E .143(sumed to be a)108 -552 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643(,a\214) -C .143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)-2.643 F -2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 564 S -.137(cute it.).15 F .137 -(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.137 F .136 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.636(ws)-.25 G .136(hell had been in)-2.636 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.636(dt).1 G 2.636(oh)-2.636 G(andle)-2.636 -E .865(the script, with the e)108 576 R .866 -(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F3(hash)3.366 E F0(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 588 Q F1 -(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A F0 -(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 604.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ -e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 616.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ - handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E .206(format themselv) -108 628.8 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206 -(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .267 -(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 640.8 R -.268(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .268(wed by the com-) --.25 F(mand ar)108 652.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F4 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 669.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 681.6 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 -2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 698.4 Q -1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 698.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F3 -(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 710.4 S(iltin).2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(36)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +722.4 R F1 .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643(,a\214)C .143 +(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)-2.643 F 2.643 +(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(the current w)144 84 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 -(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E --.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 100.8 Q -(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 100.8 Q F1(umask)2.5 E F0 -(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83>108 -117.6 Q(current traps set by)144 117.6 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 134.4 Q -.256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 134.4 R .256 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)108 84 S +.137(cute it.).15 F .137 +(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.137 F .136 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.636(ws)-.25 G .136(hell had been in)-2.636 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.636(dt).1 G 2.636(oh)-2.636 G(andle)-2.636 +E .865(the script, with the e)108 96 R .866 +(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) +-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.366 E F0(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E +(under)108 108 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 +(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) +108 124.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ +e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) +-2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 136.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ + handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E .206(format themselv) +108 148.8 R 2.706(es. The)-.15 F(ar)2.706 E .206 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .206 +(gument follo)-.18 F .206(wing the in-)-.25 F .267 +(terpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 160.8 R +.268(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .268(wed by the com-) +-.25 F(mand ar)108 172.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 189.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 201.6 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G +(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C +(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 218.4 Q 1.406 +(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 218.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1 +(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 230.4 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 247.2 Q +(the current w)144 247.2 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E +F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 +(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E +<83>108 264 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 264 Q F1 +(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) +-2.5 E<83>108 280.8 Q(current traps set by)144 280.8 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 297.6 Q .256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 297.6 R .256 (ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .257 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E -(in the en)144 146.4 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 163.2 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 163.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(in the en)144 309.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 326.4 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 326.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 180 Q -(options enabled at in)144 180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def).2 -E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set)2.5 E -F0<83>108 196.8 Q(options enabled by)144 196.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83> -108 213.6 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 213.6 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 230.4 Q -.25(va)144 230.4 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 343.2 Q +(options enabled at in)144 343.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 360 Q(options enabled by)144 360 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83> +108 376.8 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 376.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 393.6 Q -.25(va)144 393.6 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 247.2 R .426 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 410.4 R +.426(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 259.2 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 422.4 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 271.2 Q<83>108 288 Q 1.056(the shell')144 288 R 3.556 -(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 +(the shell.)108 434.4 Q<83>108 451.2 Q 1.056(the shell')144 451.2 R +3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 300 Q<83>108 316.8 Q(the current w)144 316.8 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 333.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -333.6 Q<83>108 350.4 Q .856(shell v)144 350.4 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 463.2 Q<83>108 480 Q(the current w)144 480 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 496.8 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +496.8 Q<83>108 513.6 Q .856(shell v)144 513.6 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 362.4 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 379.2 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 379.2 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 525.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 542.4 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 542.4 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 -391.2 Q 2.5(Ac)108 408 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +554.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 571.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 424.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(subshell)2.5 E -F0(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E -.577(Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and async\ -hronous commands are in)108 441.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 -G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 453.6 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245 +(vironment.)-.4 E(A)108 588 Q F5(subshell)2.5 E F0(is a cop)2.5 E 2.5 +(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he shell process.)-2.5 E .577(Command substitut\ +ion, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous commands are i\ +n)108 604.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745 +(as)108 616.8 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 F .245 (vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244(vironment, e) -.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F .358 -(reset to the v)108 465.6 R .358 +(reset to the v)108 628.8 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 477.6 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 640.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 489.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 652.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -506.4 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +669.6 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F F13.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 518.4 R(not in)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +108 681.6 R(not in)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405 -(If a command is follo)108 535.2 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 +(If a command is follo)108 698.4 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 -(is the empty \214le)108 547.2 R F3(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 +(is the empty \214le)108 710.4 R F5(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 (.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) .1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) --2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 559.2 Q/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 576 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344 -(When a program is in)108 588 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G -4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na) -.25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F3(en) -5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343 -(his is a list of)-7.343 F F3(name)108 600 Q F0A F3(value)A F0 -(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F3(value)A F0(.).18 E -.438(The shell pro)108 616.8 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 -(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 -F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439 -(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment and creates a parameter for each name fou\ -nd, automatically marking it for)108 628.8 R F3 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E -F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F 2.703(cesses. Ex)108 640.8 R .203 -(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1 -(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x) --2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E -.332(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 -652.8 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 -(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 664.8 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 -(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E -.321(inherited by an)108 676.8 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 -(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) --.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 688.8 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G -.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G -(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) --.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F1(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E -F1(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 700.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) -2.5 E .563(The en)108 717.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 -.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 -(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 729.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the) --.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(37)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +-2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(37)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(en)108 84 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 100.8 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1 -(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then) --.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(all)3.64 E F0 .81 -(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 112.8 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344 +(When a program is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G +4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na) +.25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.343(.T).68 G +2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0A F2(value)A F0 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E +.438(The shell pro)108 124.8 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 +F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439 +(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment and creates a parameter for each name fou\ +nd, automatically marking it for)108 136.8 R F2 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E +F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F 2.703(cesses. Ex)108 148.8 R .203 +(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703 +<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G +(aram-)-2.704 E .332 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 160.8 R +2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 +(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 172.8 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 +(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E +.321(inherited by an)108 184.8 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 +(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) +-.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 196.8 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G +.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G +(he)-3.034 E F3(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) +-.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F3(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E +F3(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 208.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) +2.5 E .563(The en)108 225.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 +.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 +(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 237.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 249.6 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 266.4 R F3 +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 278.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 129.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 295.2 Q F3(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 141.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 158.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 -(The e)108 170.4 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(passed to that command in its en)108 307.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1 +(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 336 R +.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 (cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 (waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 182.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 348 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 194.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 360 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G .507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F (Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -206.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 223.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 235.2 R 2.549(An) -5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +372 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) +108 388.8 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) +-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 400.8 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 247.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 412.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E (xit status.)-.15 E .404 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 264 R +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 276 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 292.8 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 441.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 458.4 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 309.6 R .081 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 475.2 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 321.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +(the)108 487.2 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 333.6 Q(guments.)-.18 -E(The e)108 350.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) --.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 367.2 Q F0 -.202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 379.2 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 -(SIGN)72 396 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 408 Q F1(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 499.2 Q(guments.)-.18 +E(The e)108 516 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F3(Bash)108 532.8 Q F0 .202 +(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e)-.15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 544.8 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 +(SIGN)72 561.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 573.6 Q F3(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) --2.502 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F -F1 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 -420 Q 1.216 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 -.915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2 -(bu)3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 -F F1(bash)108 432 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 448.8 -Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +-2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F3 .002(kill 0) +2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 585.6 Q 1.216 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 .915 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F3(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 F +F3(bash)108 597.6 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 614.4 Q 1.064 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 (alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 -460.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +626.4 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) 2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 472.8 R .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 638.4 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 484.8 Q F4 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 650.4 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 501.6 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 667.2 R 2.046 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 513.6 Q F0 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 679.2 Q F0 1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 (Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 (to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 525.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 691.2 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 537.6 R F1(diso) +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 703.2 R F3(diso) 3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E 1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 549.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 566.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -578.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 595.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F -.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 607.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 -(via the)108 619.2 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ -reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F -F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F -(turn immediately with an e)108 631.2 Q -(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) -108 648 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) --.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 660 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 -(\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 -(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108 -672 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\ -me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 684 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0 -(sends)2.5 E F4(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.) -2.25 E(When)108 700.8 Q F1(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3 -(is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(s).15 E F4(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1 -F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 712.8 R .81(aits until that fore) --.1 F .81 -(ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F -F4(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 724.8 Q F5(:)A F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(38)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(SIGHUP)108 715.2 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(38)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(1.)108 84 Q .002 -(If the command terminates due to the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIGINT)2.502 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -2.252 E F0 .003(concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F -(script, and acts on the)144 96 Q F1(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F1(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E -(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 112.8 Q .289 -(If the command does not terminate due to)144 112.8 R F1(SIGINT)2.788 E -F2(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F1(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 -(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 124.8 R .728 -(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F3(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 -(does not treat)3.228 F F1(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .166(If the)108 84 +R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 +.166(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e) +108 96 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 112.8 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 +F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 +(via the)108 136.8 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ +reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F +F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F +(turn immediately with an e)108 148.8 Q +(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) +108 165.6 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) +-.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 +177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 +(\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 +(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108 +189.6 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the \ +same process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 201.6 Q F1(^C)2.5 E +F0(sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 +(to all processes in that process group.)2.25 E(When)108 218.4 Q F1 +(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3(is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3 +(aiting for a fore)-.1 F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 230.4 R .81 +(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81 +(ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F +F2(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 242.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(:)A F0(1.)108 +259.2 Q .002(If the command terminates due to the)144 259.2 R F2(SIGINT) +2.502 E F3(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .003 +(concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F +(script, and acts on the)144 271.2 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E +(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 288 Q .289 +(If the command does not terminate due to)144 288 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E F3 +(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 +(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 300 R .728 +(atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F1(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 +(does not treat)3.228 F F2(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 (atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772 -(stead assuming that the)144 136.8 R F1(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G +(stead assuming that the)144 312 R F2(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G 3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G .771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409 -(uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 -148.8 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(bash)3.309 E -F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 -160.8 Q F1(SIGINT)3.789 E F2(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F -3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-) --.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E -/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 189.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 201.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) +(uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 324 +R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E F0 +.41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 336 Q +F2(SIGINT)3.789 E F3(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F 3.789(yo) +-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.788 +(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-)-.1 F +(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 348 Q(.)-.65 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 364.8 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 376.8 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) -.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 -(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 213.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 +(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 388.8 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 (ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 -(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 225.6 Q +(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 400.8 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 242.4 R +G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 417.6 R F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 254.4 R F3 -(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 429.6 R F1 +(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 (starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 266.4 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 283.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 441.6 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 458.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 300 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 312 R .732 +ociated)108 475.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 487.2 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 324 Q F5(job) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 499.2 Q F5(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 -(To f)108 340.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 -F 1.538(tion of a)108 352.8 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 -F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 +(To f)108 516 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 +F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 F +1.538(tion of a)108 528 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -364.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 376.8 Q -F2(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) -5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 -F .145(group ID dif)108 388.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +540 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 552 Q F3 +(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for)5.685 +E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E(kgr)-.2 +E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 F .145 +(group ID dif)108 564 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 (board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 400.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F -2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 -10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 412.8 R .551 +(ground processes are allo)108 576 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 +(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10 +/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 588 R .551 (processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 424.8 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 -G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 436.8 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 453.6 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 465.6 S +.718(terminal are sent a)108 600 R F2 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) +-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G +.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 612 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 628.8 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 640.8 S .302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 477.6 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 652.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -489.6 R(to)108 501.6 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +664.8 R(to)108 676.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 -(background, the)108 513.6 R F3(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 -(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F3 -(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F3(^Z)2.67 E F0 -(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 525.6 R 3.918 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 +(background, the)108 688.8 R F1(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 +(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F1 +(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F1(^Z)2.67 E F0 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 700.8 R 3.918 (,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 537.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 554.4 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 566.4 -Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 -(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ -ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 578.4 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108 -590.4 R .385(gins with)-.15 F F3(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap) --5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F3(bash)2.885 -E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 602.4 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) --5.194 E F3(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194 -(he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194 -(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F3(ce)2.694 E F0 .194 -(in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 -(substring matches more than one job,)108 614.4 R F3(bash)2.806 E F0 -.306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F3(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F3(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 626.4 R F5(curr)2.833 E .133 -(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 -(hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) --.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 -638.4 R F5(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 -(may be referenced using)2.805 F F3<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) --5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F3(%+)2.576 E F0(and) -2.576 E F3<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 -(be used to refer to that job)108 650.4 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 -G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F3 -(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 -662.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 -(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F32.533 -E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 -(ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -674.4 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 691.2 R -(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -703.2 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E -(39)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +108 712.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 729.6 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(39)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .131 -(The shell learns immediately whene)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj) -.15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(\()108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F1(n) +3.817 E F0 .957(may be referred to as)3.697 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%n) +3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 +(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ +ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) +108 96 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E F0 +.59(refers to a)3.09 F .385(stopped job whose command name be)108 108 R +.385(gins with)-.15 F F2(ce)2.885 E F0 5.385(.I)C 2.885(fap)-5.385 G +.385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F2(bash)2.885 E F0 .385 +(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 120 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.194 E F2 +(%?ce)2.694 E F0 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194 +(he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194 +(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F2(ce)2.694 E F0 .194 +(in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 +(substring matches more than one job,)108 132 R F2(bash)2.806 E F0 .306 +(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F F2 +(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 144 R F1(curr)2.833 E .133 +(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 +(hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) +-.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 +156 R F1(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 +(may be referenced using)2.805 F F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) +-5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F2(%+)2.576 E F0(and) +2.576 E F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 +(be used to refer to that job)108 168 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 G +.317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2 +(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 +180 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 +(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F22.533 +E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 +(ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 +192 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 208.8 R +(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +220.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(equi)108 232.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 249.6 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F +(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 96 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157 -(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 108 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 261.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F22.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 273.6 Q F2(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -120 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 136.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +285.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 302.4 R(xit)-.15 E F2 (bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 -(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 148.8 R F1 +(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 314.4 R F2 (shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 (option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) -108 160.8 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 +108 326.4 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) -5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 172.8 R .604 +5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 338.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 184.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -.644(When the shell is w)108 201.6 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 213.6 R F1 -2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 +(and an)108 350.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +.644(When the shell is w)108 367.2 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 +(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. 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-.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E +(and the secondary prompt)108 432 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F2(Bash)5.427 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 444 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 290.4 R F1 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 456 R F2 +3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)108 302.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 314.4 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 314.4 Q F1(\\d)144 326.4 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 326.4 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 338.4 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) -A F1(})A F0(the)180 350.4 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to) -3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 -(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -362.4 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 +as follo)108 468 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 480 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 480 Q F2(\\d)144 492 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 492 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 504 Q F1(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 516 +Q F1(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F1(strftime)3.926 E F0 +1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B +(empty)180 528 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 374.4 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 374.4 Q F1(\\h)144 386.4 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 386.4 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 398.4 -Q F0(the hostname)180 398.4 Q F1(\\j)144 410.4 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 410.4 Q F1(\\l) -144 422.4 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 422.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 434.4 Q F0(ne)180 434.4 Q -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 446.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 446.4 Q F1(\\s) -144 458.4 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 458.4 Q F1($0) -2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 -(\\t)144 470.4 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 -470.4 Q F1(\\T)144 482.4 Q F0 -(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 482.4 Q F1(\\@)144 -494.4 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 494.4 Q F1(\\A) -144 506.4 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 506.4 Q F1 -(\\u)144 518.4 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 518.4 Q F1(\\v) -144 530.4 Q F0(the v)180 530.4 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 542.4 Q F0(the release of)180 542.4 Q -F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 554.4 Q F0 .12(the v)180 -554.4 R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F -.119(ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B F2($HOME)2.619 E F0 -(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F(the v)180 566.4 Q -(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va) -2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 578.4 Q F0(the basename of)180 578.4 Q -F1($PWD)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E -(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 590.4 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 590.4 Q F1(\\#)144 602.4 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 602.4 Q F1(\\$)144 614.4 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 614.4 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 626.4 Q F4 -(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 626.4 Q F4 -(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 638.4 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 638.4 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1 -(\\[)144 650.4 Q F0(be)180 650.4 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ - characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 662.4 Q F1(\\])144 674.4 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 674.4 Q .12 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 691.2 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 703.2 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 715.2 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 -(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 727.2 R .822 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(40)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 540 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 540 Q F2(\\h)144 552 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 552 Q(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 564 Q F0 +(the hostname)180 564 Q F2(\\j)144 576 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 576 Q F2(\\l)144 +588 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 588 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 600 Q F0(ne)180 600 Q(wline)-.25 E F2 +(\\r)144 612 Q F0(carriage return)180 612 Q F2(\\s)144 624 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 624 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0 +(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144 +636 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 636 Q F2(\\T) +144 648 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 648 Q F2 +(\\@)144 660 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 660 Q F2 +(\\A)144 672 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 672 Q F2 +(\\u)144 684 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 684 Q F2(\\v)144 +696 Q F0(the v)180 696 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F2(\\V)144 708 Q F0(the release of)180 708 Q F2 +(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17) +141.79 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .683(arithmetic e) -108 84 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .683 -(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) -3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 96 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 -(command under)3.697 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL) --.09 E 1.197(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F -1.198(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322 -(side ef)108 108 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear \ -within command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w) -108 120 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(READLINE)72 136.8 Q F0 .15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(\\w)144 84 Q F0 .12(the v)180 84 R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD) +2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119(ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119 +(\), with)B/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.619 E F0(abbre)2.369 E .119 +(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F(the v)180 96 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F2 +(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E +F1(\\W)144 108 Q F0(the basename of)180 108 Q F1($PWD)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C +(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1 +(\\!)144 120 Q F0(the history number of this command)180 120 Q F1(\\#) +144 132 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 132 Q F1(\\$)144 144 +Q F0(if the ef)180 144 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 +E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 156 Q/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 156 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E +F1(\\\\)144 168 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 168 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 180 Q +F0(be)180 180 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ +could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 192 Q F1(\\])144 204 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 204 Q .12 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 220.8 R +.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 232.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 244.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 +(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 256.8 R .822 +(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 268.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F +F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) +3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 280.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 +(command under)3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 +(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) +108 292.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ +command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 +304.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) +72 321.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 148.8 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 160.8 R -.15 +108 333.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 345.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 (editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F12.884 E F0 .384 (option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G -2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 172.8 S 1.406 +2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 357.6 S 1.406 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F 3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 184.8 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 369.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 196.8 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +(\(see)108 381.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E -(emacs)108 208.8 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 225.6 Q +(emacs)108 393.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 410.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 237.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 -(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 249.6 R -(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 -(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) -108 261.6 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) -3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F -F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 --.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 -(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 273.6 R F4 .599 -(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 -(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 -(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G -.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F -(the Control k)108 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 -(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .596 -(Readline commands may be gi)108 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G -(umeric)-3.096 E F4(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G .596 -(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108 -314.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 422.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 434.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 446.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 458.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 470.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G +.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E +(ho)108 499.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 326.4 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 511.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 338.4 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 523.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 355.2 R F4 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 540 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 367.2 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 -F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 552 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 379.2 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F -.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 564 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 391.2 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 408 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 420 R -F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 432 R .573(en from the v) +108 576 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 592.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 604.8 +R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 616.8 R .573(en from the v) -.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v)3.073 F .573 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.573 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft)-5.573 G(hat)-3.073 E 3.062 -(\214le does)108 444 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 -(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F4 +(\214le does)108 628.8 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 +(xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F3 (/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 (hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ - the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 456 R .475 -.15(ey b) --.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 -(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 468 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 + the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 640.8 R .475 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 +(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 652.8 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 (asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 (Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 -(ning with a)108 480 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 +(ning with a)108 664.8 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554 (indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 -F -.1(ke)108 492 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) --.25 E .987(The def)108 508.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 -(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 -3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) -3.487 F(add their o)108 520.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 -(Fo)108 537.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E -(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E -(gument)-.18 E(or)108 566.4 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 590.4 Q F4(inputr) -2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) --2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4(univer)2.58 E -(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 607.2 R -1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 -.4(RU) -3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC)4.021 E -F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F4 -(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108.63 619.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.83 -E F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E -F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 636 R .209(ws k)-.25 F --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 -(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 648 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 664.8 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 676.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 -(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 688.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) --.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 -700.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 -(ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) -2.638 E F4(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 712.8 Q -1.542(When using the form)108 729.6 R F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:) -A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 E F4(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0 -(,)A F4 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542(is the name of a k)4.222 F -1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in).15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(41)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +F -.1(ke)108 676.8 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 693.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) +3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 705.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 722.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E +(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(English. F)108 -84 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 120 Q(ard-kill-w) --.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 132 Q .698(In the abo)108 -148.8 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E -F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion) -108 160.8 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd) --2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F -.258(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) -108 172.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 189.6 R F2("k)2.555 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument) +-.18 E(or)108 96 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 120 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1 +(univer)2.58 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo) +108 136.8 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F1 -.4(RU)3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F1 +(ESC)4.021 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0 +(,).73 E F1(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108.63 148.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E +F1(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 +G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 165.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 177.6 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 194.4 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 206.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) +5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 218.4 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) +.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 +230.4 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 +(ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) +2.638 E F1(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 242.4 Q +.161(When using the form)108 259.2 R F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A +F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A +F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 271.2 R(or e) +-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 295.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 307.2 Q +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 319.2 Q .698 +(In the abo)108 336 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u) +3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 348 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w) +2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258 +(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 +360 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 376.8 R F2("k)2.555 E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) 2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 (fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 201.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +(denoting an entire k)108 388.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 213.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 400.8 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 (xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 225.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 249.6 Q -.15(ve) +(are not recognized.)108 412.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 436.8 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 261.6 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 290.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 448.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 477.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) 3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 302.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 489.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 319.2 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 331.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 331.2 Q F2<5c4dad>144 343.2 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 343.2 Q F2(\\e)144 355.2 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 355.2 Q F2(\\\\)144 367.2 Q F0(backslash)180 -367.2 Q F2(\\")144 379.2 Q F0(literal ")180 379.2 Q F2<5c08>144 391.2 Q -F0(literal \010)180 391.2 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 420 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 420 Q F2(\\b)144 -432 Q F0(backspace)180 432 Q F2(\\d)144 444 Q F0(delete)180 444 Q F2 -(\\f)144 456 Q F0(form feed)180 456 Q F2(\\n)144 468 Q F0(ne)180 468 Q -(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 480 Q F0(carriage return)180 480 Q F2(\\t)144 -492 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 492 Q F2(\\v)144 504 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 504 S -(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 516 Q F1(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 516 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 -528 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 528 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 -(When entering the te)108 544.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 556.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F -.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 -568.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F2(Bash)108 585.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 -F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 597.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 609.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(Readline V)87 626.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 638.4 -R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F -(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 650.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 667.2 Q F1 -(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 679.2 Q F2(bind)2.5 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79 -(Except where noted, readline v)108 696 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F -3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2 -(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 708 R .448 -(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 720 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On) -2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 506.4 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 518.4 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 518.4 Q F2<5c4dad>144 530.4 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 530.4 Q F2(\\e)144 542.4 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 542.4 Q F2(\\\\)144 554.4 Q F0(backslash)180 +554.4 Q F2(\\")144 566.4 Q F0(literal ")180 566.4 Q F2<5c08>144 578.4 Q +F0(literal \010)180 578.4 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 595.2 Q -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 607.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 607.2 Q F2(\\b) +144 619.2 Q F0(backspace)180 619.2 Q F2(\\d)144 631.2 Q F0(delete)180 +631.2 Q F2(\\f)144 643.2 Q F0(form feed)180 643.2 Q F2(\\n)144 655.2 Q +F0(ne)180 655.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 667.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 +667.2 Q F2(\\t)144 679.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 679.2 Q F2(\\v)144 +691.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 691.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 703.2 Q F1 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 715.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 715.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S -(lues are:).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bell\255style \(audible\))108 -100.8 Q F0 .01(Controls what happens when readline w)144 112.8 R .011 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.141 +(When entering the te)108 84 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double qu\ +otes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 +(Unquoted te)108 96 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F +.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 +108 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G +(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 136.8 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 148.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(Readline V)87 165.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 177.6 +R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 +(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.554 E +(tr)108 189.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E +F1(set)144 206.4 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 +218.4 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2 +(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 +E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 235.2 R .79(ariables can tak) +-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or) +3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79 +(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 247.2 R .448 +(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) +2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 +(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +271.2 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 288 Q F0 .01 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 300 R .011 (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) 2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 124.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 136.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 148.8 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 160.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 172.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 184.8 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 196.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +.94(rings the bell.)144 312 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 324 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .055 +(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline attempts \ +to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 360 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 +G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 372 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E +F0 .21(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 208.8 Q F1(color)108 220.8 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 396 Q F1(color)108 408 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 232.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ -eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 244.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 256.8 Q -F0(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 +144 420 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.936 +(completions using a dif)144 432 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 444 Q F0 +(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 (there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 -(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 268.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\ -ored-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ -\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 280.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 -292.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 304.8 R F1(On) -4.079 E F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579 -(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58 -(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 316.8 R -(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 -E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(comment\255begin \(`)108 328.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885 -(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 340.8 R F1 +(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 456 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ +ed-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ +\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 468 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 480 +Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)4.079 E +F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) +-4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 +(type. The)144 504 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 +E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 516 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E +F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 528 R F1 (insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 352.8 Q F1 +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 540 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) -108 364.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 376.8 R .194(The v)144 388.8 -R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ -l screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 400.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 412.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 424.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 436.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 -448.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) -2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 -(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 460.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 -G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E -.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 -(completion\255pr)108 472.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E -F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of po\ -ssible completions that is displayed)144 484.8 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 496.8 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ -n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 520.8 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 532.8 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 544.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 556.8 R -.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 568.8 S .367 -(riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F -2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 -(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 580.8 R 3.173(Az) -5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 -E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 592.8 -Q F1(con)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612 -(If set to)144 616.8 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613 -(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 628.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 640.8 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 -(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 652.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 664.8 R -F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 -(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 -(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 676.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 688.8 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.211(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no) --3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 -G 1.21(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 -G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(43) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +108 552 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ +e matches when performing completion.)144 564 R .194(The v)144 576 R +.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ +screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 588 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 600 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 612 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ +siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 636 R +F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E +(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F F3A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 F +(\()144 648 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H +(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 660 Q +(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ +ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ +splayed)144 672 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 684 R 1.274 +(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 696 S(lue are repla\ +ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 120 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 132 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 -(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 -F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti) -144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622 -(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 156 -S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839 -(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 168 S 2.798 +SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 120 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 132 S .367 +(riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F +2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 +(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 144 R 3.173(Az) +5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 +E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 156 Q +F1(con)108 168 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) +144 180 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k) +.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 192 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 204 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E +(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E +F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 +E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 216 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 228 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) +144 240 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 252 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 276 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 288 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 300 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 312 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 324 Q F0 .518(If the)144 336 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .622 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 348 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 360 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 372 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 180 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 192 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 204 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746 +144 384 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 396 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E +(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 408 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746 (is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 (refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746 (ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344 -(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 216 R F2 -.37(re) +(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 420 R F2 -.37(re) 2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) --2.845 F(lo)144 228 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 +-2.845 F(lo)144 432 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 -(eadline high-)-2.598 F .628(lights the te)144 240 R .628(xt in the re) +(eadline high-)-2.598 F .628(lights the te)144 444 R .628(xt in the re) -.15 F .628(gion using the terminal')-.15 F 3.128(ss)-.55 G .628 (tandout mode.)-3.128 F .628(The acti)5.628 F .928 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 (eg).15 G .628(ion sho).15 F .629(ws the te)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E .448 -(inserted by brack)144 252 R .448(eted-paste and an)-.1 F 2.948(ym)-.15 +(inserted by brack)144 456 R .448(eted-paste and an)-.1 F 2.948(ym)-.15 G .448(atching te)-2.948 F .447 (xt found by incremental and non-incremental his-)-.15 F(tory searches.) -144 264 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 276 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 -1.221(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +144 468 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 480 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 +1.221(When set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 300 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +(paste into the editing b)144 504 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 312 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +(it had been read from the k)144 516 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) .15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 324 Q F1(enable\255k)108 336 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 348 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 528 Q F1(enable\255k)108 540 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 360 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 372 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 564 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 576 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 396 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 600 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144 420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 612 Q F0(If set to)144 624 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 432 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.052 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 636 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ -e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 468 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 480 R +108 672 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) -3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 -E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 492 R 2.983(we)-.25 G +E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 696 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482 (set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 504 R .277(By def)5.277 F +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 708 R .277(By def)5.277 F .278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 516 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 720 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 (history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 528 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 540 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 -(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ - when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 564 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 576 R -(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 600 R F1(On) -3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ -is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 -(characters it reads\), re)144 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 -(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) -5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 624 S(ynon) --2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E -.364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 636 Q F1 -(isear)108 648 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 672 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 684 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 696 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -708 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 720 R F0 2.542(,a)C -(nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 -(is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(44)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .449(is equi)144 -84 R -.25(va)-.25 G .449(lent to).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C .449(he def)-5.449 F -.449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F1(emacs)3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G -.448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 96 Q -(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2 -.1(ke)108 108 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 120 R -F1 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 84 Q/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(horizontal\255scr)108 96 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E +F0 .448(When set to)144 108 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E +.448(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G +.449(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen \ +line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping \ +to a ne)144 120 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 132 R +(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) +3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 +(characters it reads\), re)144 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) +5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 180 S(ynon) +-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E +.364(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 192 Q F1 +(isear)108 204 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ +ental search without subsequently e)144 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 228 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 240 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 252 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +264 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 276 R F0 2.542(,a)C +(nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 +(is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 288 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C +.449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) +3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 300 +Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 312 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 324 R +F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 132 R .825 +-.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 336 R .825 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E 3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G -.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 144 R +.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 348 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) 3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F1 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) -144 156 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 +F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) +144 360 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 (lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F -.05(1000 means that)144 168 R F1 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 +.05(1000 means that)144 372 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 180 R(alue,)-.25 -E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 384 R(alue,)-.25 +E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F2(mark\255dir)108 204 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 216 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 408 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 228 Q F0(If set to)144 -240 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 -(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 252 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 264 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 432 Q F0(If set to)144 +444 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 456 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 276 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 288 Q F0 .193(This v)144 300 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 480 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 492 Q F0 .193(This v)144 504 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 312 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 516 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 324 Q F2 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 336 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 348 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 528 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 540 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 360 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 372 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 564 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 588 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 396 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 408 Q F2 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 420 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 432 R F2(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 600 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 612 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 624 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 636 R F1(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 444 Q F2 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .228 -(If set to)144 468 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ +(tions at a time.)144 648 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 660 Q F0 .228 +(If set to)144 672 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) --2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 480 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E -(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 492 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 504 R -F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 684 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E +(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 696 T +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 708 R +F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 516 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 720 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 528 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 540 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 552 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 564 R(bell.)144 576 Q F2 -(sho)108 588 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 600 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F2(sho)144 612 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 -(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 624 R 3.539 -(yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 636 Q F2 -(sho)108 648 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 -(If set to)144 660 R F2(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 -(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 672 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E -(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F1(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 684 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 696 R -F2(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 708 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 3.275(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 720 R -3.275(ord being)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E -(45)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(completed, so portions of the w)144 84 Q(ord follo)-.1 E -(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 96 Q F0 .518(If the)144 108 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E -F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 -(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 -F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -120 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476(The v) -5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 132 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak) --.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.18(re)144 84 S(adline).18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 96 Q +(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .303(This alters the def) +144 108 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304(vior of the completion functions.) +-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On)2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304 +(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 E 1.264(than one p\ +ossible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead o\ +f ringing the)144 120 R(bell.)144 132 Q F1(sho)108 144 Q +(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 156 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 168 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 180 R 3.539 +(yp)-.15 G 1.039 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 192 Q F1 +(sho)108 204 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 +(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 +(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F +(command, or vi insertion.)144 228 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 252 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 264 Q +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 276 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 288 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 300 Q F0 .518(If the)144 +312 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) +144 324 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476 +(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 336 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F +2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 144 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 348 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F .245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -156 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 168 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 180 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +360 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 372 Q F0 .518 +(If the)144 384 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -192 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) -5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .924(panded lik).15 F +396 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) +5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 408 S .924(panded lik).15 F 3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 216 R -.25(va) +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 420 R -.25(va) -.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F .245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -228 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 252 R +432 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 444 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 264 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 280.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 292.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(when listing possible completions.)144 468 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 484.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 496.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 304.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 508.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 333.6 Q F0(The)144 333.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 520.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 537.6 Q F0(The)144 537.6 Q F1($if)2.962 E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 345.6 Q(The te)5 E +(or the application using readline.)144 549.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 357.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 561.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 374.4 Q F0(The)180 374.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) +144 578.4 Q F0(The)180 578.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) 3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 386.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065(mode. This)180 590.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 398.4 R +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 602.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 410.4 Q F1(term)144 427.2 Q F0(The)180 427.2 Q +(out in emacs mode.)180 614.4 Q F1(term)144 631.2 Q F0(The)180 631.2 Q F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 439.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 643.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 451.2 Q F1(=)3.231 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 655.2 Q F1(=)3.231 E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -463.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +667.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E -F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 480 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 492 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 684 S(rsion).1 E F0 +(The)180 696 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 (test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 504 Q F1 -.1 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 708 Q F1 -.1 (ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 (pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 516 Q F1(=)3.064 E +(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 720 Q F1(=)3.064 E F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd) -3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 -(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 528 R .318(ersion number)-.15 -F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 540 -R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101(\). If the minor v)B -.1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C -(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 552 R F1 --.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 -(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 564 Q F1 -(application)144 580.8 Q F0(The)180 592.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 -.503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 -F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -604.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 616.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 628.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 -(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 640.8 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 664.8 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 676.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 688.8 Q F1($endif)180 -700.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(46)185.955 E -0 Cg EP +(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 84 Q F0(The)180 96 Q F1(variable)3.777 E -F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 108 -R F1(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F1(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F1(!=) -2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08(ariable name must be sepa-) --.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the operat\ -or may be separated from)180 120 R .129(the v)180 132 R .129 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .318 +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 84 R .318(ersion number)-.15 +F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 96 R +.101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101 +(\). If the minor v)B .1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F +F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C(he)-5.1 E .06 +(operator may be separated from the string)180 108 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G +(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06(ersion number ar)-.15 F +(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 120 Q F1(application)144 136.8 Q F0 +(The)180 148.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F +.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 +160.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614 +(,a)C .114(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501 +(particular v)180 172.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501 +(could be used to bind k)3.001 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5 +(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .396(ci\214c program.)180 +184.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F +.396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .397 +(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 196.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 220.8 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 +(#Q)180 232.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 244.8 Q F1($endif)180 256.8 Q F2 +(variable)144 273.6 Q F0(The)180 285.6 Q F2(variable)3.777 E F0 1.277 +(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276(vides simple equality tests for readline v) +-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v)-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079 +(The permitted comparison operators are)180 297.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A +F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079 +(he v)-5.079 F .08(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the\ + comparison operator by whitespace; the operator may be separated from) +180 309.6 R .129(the v)180 321.6 R .129 (alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .13 (Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. Boolean v)180 144 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E -(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F1(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)108 160.8 Q F0 -(This command, as seen in the pre)144 160.8 Q(vious e)-.25 E -(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2($else) -108 177.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 177.6 Q F2($if)2.5 E -F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 194.4 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 206.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(tested. Boolean v)180 333.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 350.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 350.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 367.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) +144 367.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 384 +Q F0 .357(This directi)144 396 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 218.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F1(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F2 -($include)144 242.4 Q F1(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F2(Sear)87 259.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 271.2 R .834 +144 408 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 +($include)144 432 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 448.8 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 460.8 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 283.2 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F1(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F1(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 300 R .698 +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 472.8 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E +(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 489.6 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 312 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 501.6 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 324 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 -(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 336 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F2(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 513.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F +5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 525.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 348 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 537.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 360 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) -5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ -mes the current line.)108 372 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 388.8 T 1.339(nd \ -other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ - as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 -400.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F -.675(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E -5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 412.8 R .475 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .174 +F .096(mental search.)108 549.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 +(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 561.6 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +108 578.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 +(search backw)108 590.4 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 602.4 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 424.8 R F1(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.54(instance, a)108 614.4 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -436.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -453.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +626.4 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 +643.2 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 (ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 465.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 655.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 482.4 R(The searc\ -h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 494.4 Q F2(Readline Command Names)87 511.2 Q F0 1.392 -(The follo)108 523.2 R 1.391 +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 672 R(The search \ +string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the curre\ +nt line.)108 684 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 700.8 Q F0 1.392 +(The follo)108 712.8 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 535.2 R .121 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 724.8 R .121 (names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 547.2 Q F1(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 559.2 Q F0 2.5 -(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 576 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 588 Q F0(Mo)144 600 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 612 Q F0(Mo)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 636 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -660 Q F0(Mo)144 672 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F2 -.25(fo)108 684 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 696 -Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(47)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17) +141.79 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q 1.71 -.15 -(ve b)-.15 H 1.41(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41 -(vious w)-.25 F 3.91(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41 -(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 108 Q F1(shell\255f)108 120 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 132 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) --.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 144 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -168 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 180 Q -F1(pr)108 192 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.89(Attempt to mo)144 204 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 -(oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F -.891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87 -(This will not ha)144 216 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F -.87(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G -3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 228 Q(ysical line or if\ - point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ -th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 240 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 -(Attempt to mo)144 252 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph) -.15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .638(xt ph)-.15 F .638 -(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 264 R .309 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(descriptions,)108 +84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.411 E F0 .911 +(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark)3.411 E F0 +.91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db).15 G +3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set\255mark)108 96 Q F0 +2.5(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 112.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 124.8 Q F0(Mo)144 136.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 148.8 Q F0(Mo)144 160.8 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 +172.8 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 196.8 Q F0(Mo)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.25(fo)108 220.8 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 232.8 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 244.8 Q F2(backward\255w)108 256.8 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 268.8 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 280.8 Q F2(shell\255f)108 292.8 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 304.8 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 +(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) +-.8 F(ters.)144 316.8 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 328.8 Q(ord)-.1 E +F0(Mo)144 340.8 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 +(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F +(metacharacters.)144 352.8 Q F2(pr)108 364.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G +(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .89(Attempt to mo)144 376.8 R +1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 +(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .891(vious ph)-.25 F .891 +(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 388.8 R 1.17 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 +(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 400.8 Q(ysical line or \ +if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\ +idth.)-.05 E F2(next\255scr)108 412.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 +(Attempt to mo)144 424.8 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637 +(oint to the same ph).15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F +.638(xt ph)-.15 F .638(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha) +144 436.8 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G 2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ -length of the prompt plus)144 276 R(the screen width.)144 288 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 300 Q F0 1.499 -(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 312 R 3.999(ss) +length of the prompt plus)144 448.8 R(the screen width.)144 460.8 Q F2 +(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 472.8 Q F0 1.499 +(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 484.8 R 3.999(ss) -.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G 1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F -(lea)144 324 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1 -(clear\255scr)108 336 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 -(Clear the screen, then redra)144 348 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 +(lea)144 496.8 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E +F2(clear\255scr)108 508.8 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 +(Clear the screen, then redra)144 520.8 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 (he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36 -(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 360 S -(th an ar).4 E -(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F1 --.18(re)108 372 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 384 Q F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q +(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 532.8 +S(th an ar).4 E +(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F2 +-.18(re)108 544.8 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 +(Refresh the current line.)144 556.8 Q F2(Commands f)87 573.6 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +585.6 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 597.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 (If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 (dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 436.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) +144 609.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 448.8 Q F1(pr)108 -460.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 472.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 484.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 496.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 508.8 Q F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .3 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 621.6 Q F2(pr)108 +633.6 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 645.6 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 657.6 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 669.6 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F2 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 681.6 Q F0(Mo)144 693.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q +-.65 E F2(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 705.6 Q F0(Mo)144 717.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 556.8 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 580.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 -F .729 -(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 592.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 604.8 Q F0 --.4(Wi)144 616.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 -(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei) --.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G -(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 628.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H -(ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v) -108 640.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 -(Search backw)144 652.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 664.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 676.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 688.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(48)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(non\255incr)108 84 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 96 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line usin\ -g a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 108 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q -(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \ -non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 144 Q -(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 180 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 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+he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 408 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 (search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 -(line. This)144 264 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +(line. This)144 420 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 432 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 +.248(Search forw)144 444 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 -(and the point.)144 300 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F +(and the point.)144 456 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F .319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) -5.318 F(search.)144 312 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 324 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 336 R .622 +5.318 F(search.)144 468 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 480 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 492 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 -348 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 +504 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 360 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 516 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 (ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 372 R .282(vious command.) +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 528 R .282(vious command.) -.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 384 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 396 Q +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 540 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 552 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 408 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 564 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 576 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) -.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 432 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 588 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 444 R(An)5.416 E +.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 600 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 -(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 456 R 1.518 -.15 +(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 612 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 468 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 624 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -480 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622 +636 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 648 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 660 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 672 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 684 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 696 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 564 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 576 R .437 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3 -(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) --2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 612 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 684 Q F0(In)144 -696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E -(tempts to in)144 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) -2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G -(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(49)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 708 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Commands f)87 84 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(end\255of\255\214le)108 96 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\)) -2.5 E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 -108 R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799 -(.I)C 3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 120 R +SF(magic\255space)108 84 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 96 R .437 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 108 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G +(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +(alias\255expand\255line)108 120 Q F0 .395(Perform alias e)144 132 R +.395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E +F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .394(or a description of alias e) +.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 144 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 156 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 168 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 180 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 192 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 204 Q F0(In)144 +216 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E +(tempts to in)144 228 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 +E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and) +2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5 +(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 244.8 +Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 256.8 Q F1 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 268.8 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 +(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 280.8 R .593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 132 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 144 Q F0 -.442(Delete the character at point.)144 156 R .442 +(as the end of input and returns)144 292.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 304.8 Q F0 .442 +(Delete the character at point.)144 316.8 R .442 (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 168 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 -E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 328.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 180 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 192 R 5.553 -(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +108 340.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 352.8 R +5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 204 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 216 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 228 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 364.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 376.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 388.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 240 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 252 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -264 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) --.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 276 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 288 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 300 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 312 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 324 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 336 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 348 R .321 -(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 -(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 360 -R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 -372 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 384 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -396 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 400.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 412.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +424.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 436.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 448.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 460.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 472.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 484.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 496.8 Q F0 .322 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 508.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F .372 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 +520.8 R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha) +144 532.8 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 544.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +556.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) -2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 408 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 420 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 432 -R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 444 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 456 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 468 Q 1.648 +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 568.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 580.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +592.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 616.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 628.8 Q 1.648 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 480 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 492 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 504 -R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 516 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 528 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 540 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 640.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 652.8 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +664.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 676.8 S(rd, b) +.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 +688.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 700.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 552 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 564 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F2 -.37(re)4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894 -(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 576 R -.15(ove)3.968 G -1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.958(pushing the te)144 588 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 -(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 -.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 600 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -616.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 628.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 640.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 652.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 664.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 676.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 688.8 -Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E -(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 700.8 Q F0 -(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(50)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +(Wi)144 712.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 724.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) +4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) +4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.968(mode. In)144 +84 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F +1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 96 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 108 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 124.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 136.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +148.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 160.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 172.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 184.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 196.8 +Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 208.8 Q F0 +(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 +220.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 232.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 244.8 R .729 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 256.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 -E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R -.728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 268.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 280.8 Q(ord behind point.) +-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 292.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 304.8 +R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 316.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 180 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025 +108 328.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 340.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 228 R .365 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 352.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 364.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 376.8 R .365 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 -264 R .166 +388.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 400.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) +144 412.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 276 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 424.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 436.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 448.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +460.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 472.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 484.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 496.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 384 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 408 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S +(copy\255backward\255w)108 508.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 520.8 Q 4.801 +(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 532.8 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 544.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 556.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo) +-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008 +(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 +F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 568.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.) +A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 580.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 592.8 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 468 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 604.8 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 616.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 496.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 633.6 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 645.6 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 657.6 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 669.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 681.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 693.6 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +705.6 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +717.6 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 729.6 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 -(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R 1.23 -(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 604.8 R .823 -(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 -E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137 -(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 -(If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(51)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +(wed by a character that is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783(xt before point that w) --.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) -.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1 -(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete) -3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 -(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 84 R 1.23 +(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 96 R .823 +(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 108 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E +(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 124.8 Q(complete \(T)108 136.8 Q(AB\))-.9 +E F0 1.137(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 148.8 R 1.137 +(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 160.8 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 172.8 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(If none of these pro-)5.701 F +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 184.8 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 196.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 208.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 220.8 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 232.8 R .783 +(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +244.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 256.8 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +268.8 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F +1.194(possible completions.)144 280.8 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 292.8 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 -(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 -(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(\(subject to the setting of)144 304.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F +.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 316.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 -E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 204 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 -216 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +E(through the list.)144 328.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 340.8 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 352.8 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 228 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) -.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 240 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 252 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 264 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) -2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -276 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 288 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 300 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 312 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 324 Q +(menu\255complete)144 364.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) +.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 376.8 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 388.8 R +.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 400.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 +(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 412.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 424.8 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 436.8 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 448.8 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 460.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 336 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 348 Q +(complete\255user)108 472.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 484.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 360 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 372 Q +108 496.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 508.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -384 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 396 Q +520.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 +532.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(possible\255v)108 544.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 556.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 408 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 432 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 568.8 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 580.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 456 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 592.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 604.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 616.8 Q F0 .58 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 628.8 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 640.8 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 652.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 528 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 540 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 664.8 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 676.8 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 564 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 688.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 700.8 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1(dab)108 588 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 600 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 -(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 612 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 624 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ -me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 636 R(the list is a)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 664.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 676.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 688.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 700.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 712.8 Q -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(52)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(for possible completion matches.)144 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 84 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E -F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appea\ -r as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 120 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 132 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +SF(dab)108 84 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 96 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 108 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 120 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ +in braces so)144 132 R(the list is a)144 144 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 160.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 172.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 184.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 196.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 208.8 Q +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 244.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 256.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 268.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 148.8 Q -.18(re)108 160.8 S.18 E +(Miscellaneous)87 285.6 Q -.18(re)108 297.6 S.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(Read in the contents of the)144 309.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 (indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 208.8 R +321.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 333.6 Q F0 3.249 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 345.6 R 5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 220.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 232.8 Q(wer)-.1 E +(bell\255style)144 357.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 369.6 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 381.6 R F2(x) 4.238 E F0 1.739 (is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 256.8 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G +F(meta\214ed lo)144 393.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G (he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) -2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 268.8 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 405.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 417.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 292.8 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 304.8 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.231 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 429.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 441.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 453.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 465.6 R .231(This is lik)5.231 F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 .23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F -(turn the line to its initial state.)144 340.8 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 352.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 364.8 Q +(turn the line to its initial state.)144 477.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 489.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 501.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 376.8 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 388.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 513.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 525.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 400.8 Q F0(Sw) -144 412.8 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 537.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 549.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 -448.8 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +144 561.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 +585.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 460.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.043 +144 597.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 609.6 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 621.6 S 1.043 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 496.8 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 520.8 R 2.126 -.15 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 633.6 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 645.6 Q F0 1.827 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 657.6 R 2.126 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 532.8 R +-.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 669.6 R .791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 681.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15 (ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F (xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ -ing stray characters into the editing b)144 556.8 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E -5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 568.8 Q(ault, b)-.1 E -(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 -(the characters at the be)144 616.8 R .321 -(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 640.8 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 664.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 676.8 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E -(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421 -(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 688.8 R .42 -(ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 -(wa)144 700.8 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) -4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E -(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(53)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +ing stray characters into the editing b)144 693.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E +5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 705.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(53)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(glob\255complete\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 -96 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F +SF(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 84 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 96 S .481 +(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 +(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) +2.981 G .48(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 108 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 +(the characters at the be)144 120 R .321 +(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 132 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 144 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 156 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 168 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 180 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E +(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421 +(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 192 R .42 +(ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 +(wa)144 204 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) +4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E +(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(glob\255complete\255w)108 228 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 +240 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 -108 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ -ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 132 R .176 +252 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ +ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 264 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 276 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 144 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 288 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 168 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 180 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 300 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 312 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 324 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 192 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 336 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 204 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 216 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 228 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(ex)144 348 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 360 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 372 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) 5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 240 Q +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 384 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 252 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 264 R .762 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 396 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 408 R .762 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 276 R .108 +-.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 420 R .108 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 288 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 300 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 312 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 432 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 444 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 456 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 324 Q +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 468 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 336 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 348 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 360 Q +(\214le.)144 480 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 492 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 504 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 376.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -388.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 520.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +532.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 400.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +F2(compspec)108 544.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 412.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 556.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 429.6 R .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 573.6 R .498 (If the command w)5.498 F .497 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 -441.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +585.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) 5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 453.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 465.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 597.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 609.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 477.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 621.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 489.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 633.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 -(option to)108 501.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +(option to)108 645.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 513.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 657.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 -525.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ -d to generate the list of matching w)108 542.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F -3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 554.4 Q +669.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ +d to generate the list of matching w)108 686.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F +3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 698.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 571.2 R +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 715.2 R .464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 583.2 R .596 +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 727.2 R .596 (When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 595.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 612 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G -1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 624 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 636 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 652.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 664.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 -(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 676.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -688.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -700.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 712.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 729.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(54)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.375 -(options is in)108 84 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F -3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.375(d, the).1 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F2(,)A F1(COMP_KEY)108 96 Q -F2(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157 -(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .157(Shell V)2.657 F -(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 108 S .986 -(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986 -(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1(COMP_CW) -3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F -(When)5.986 E .347(the function or command is in)108 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G .347(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F3($1)A F0 -2.846(\)i)C 2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar) --2.846 F(guments)-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 132 -R .263(gument \()-.18 F F3($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264 -(he w)-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F3($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 144 R -.629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(shell v)108 84 Q +(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 100.8 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.084 E F0 +1.584(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 +112.8 S .555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 124.8 Q(ut the)-.2 E F1 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 141.6 Q +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F22.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 153.6 R F1(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 165.6 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 +177.6 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F1(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 +189.6 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 201.6 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234 +(After these matches ha)108 218.4 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F22.733 E +F0(and)2.733 E F22.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108 +230.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209 +(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209 +(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F3(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F3(,)A F1 +(COMP_KEY)108 242.4 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +254.4 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 266.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F2($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 278.4 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F2($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F2($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 290.4 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 156 R +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 302.4 R .714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 168 Q(An)108 184.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.938 F F32.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 196.8 Q F3(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +108 314.4 Q(An)108 331.2 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F22.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 +(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 343.2 Q F2 +(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108 -208.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 225.6 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F32.581 E F0 .081 +355.2 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 372 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F22.581 E F0 .081 (option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) -2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) --.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 237.6 R -.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ -output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -249.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 266.4 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F32.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 278.4 R +-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 384 R .359 +(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard outp\ +ut.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 396 Q +(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 412.8 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F22.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 424.8 R .681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F0 .682 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 290.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F3(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +(the w)108 436.8 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F2(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 302.4 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 448.8 R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F3 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 314.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F2 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 460.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F3(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 326.4 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F2(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 472.8 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -343.2 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 -F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F33.087 E F0(and)3.087 E -F33.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) +489.6 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F23.087 E F0(and)3.087 E +F23.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 355.2 Q .247 -(If the pre)108 372 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) --.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F3 .247(\255o dir) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 501.6 Q .247 +(If the pre)108 518.4 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F2 .247(\255o dir) 2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F -F3(complete)108 384 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +F2(complete)108 530.4 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 400.8 R F3 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(If the)108 547.2 R F2 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 412.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 559.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 429.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(By def)108 576 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 441.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F3(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +.631(of possible completions.)108 588 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 E +F2(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 453.6 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F3 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 465.6 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F3(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 600 R .559 +(If the)5.559 F F2 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 612 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F2(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F33.172 E(default)108 477.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F23.172 E(default)108 624 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -489.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 506.4 R .633(tions force\ - readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 518.4 R 2.761(to the v)108 530.4 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F3(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 636 +Q(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 652.8 R .633(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 664.8 R 2.761(to the v)108 676.8 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F2(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F3(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 542.4 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F2(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 688.8 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -559.2 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 571.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 -F F3 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) +705.6 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 717.6 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +F F2 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 583.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 -F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 595.2 R .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 607.2 R .665 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 -619.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F -.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 631.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ -y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 648 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F -.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 660 Q(wing def)-.25 E -(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 676.8 Q({)108 688.8 Q 6 -(.")144 700.8 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -712.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(55)185.955 E -0 Cg EP +uld be retried by returning an e)108 729.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +F .93(If a)5.93 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(55) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 100.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371(When the) -108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .1(shell function\ + returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on w\ +hich completion is)108 84 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 96 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +108 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 +G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 +(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 120 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ +ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 +(Fo)108 136.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F +.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F +(the command, the follo)108 148.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 +E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 165.6 Q({)108 177.6 Q 6 +(.")144 189.6 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +201.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +213.6 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 242.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.371(When the)108 254.4 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 +F F0 .371(option to the)2.871 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 124.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +(the list of commands pre)108 266.4 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .429(mands to sa)108 136.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F4 +F .429(mands to sa)108 278.4 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -148.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 160.8 +290.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 302.4 S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 172.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 314.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -201.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +108 331.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +343.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 213.6 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F4 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F5(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 225.6 S +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 355.2 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 367.2 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 237.6 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 379.2 Q 1.605 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 -(stamps for the follo)108 249.6 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 391.2 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 261.6 Q F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E +.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 403.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 -(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 +(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 -(copied from the history list to)108 273.6 R F4($HISTFILE)2.658 E F5(.)A -F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F2(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F2(shopt)108 -285.6 Q F0(under)2.582 E F4 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 +(copied from the history list to)108 415.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F3(shopt)108 +427.2 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.196(history \214le is o)108 297.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) -.15 F F4(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ +.196(history \214le is o)108 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 -(If the)108 309.6 R F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +(If the)108 451.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 321.6 R +F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 463.2 R 3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 (ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 (This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 333.6 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 475.2 R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G 1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 345.6 R F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E -F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 357.6 Q +(truncated to contain no more than)108 487.2 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 499.2 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 374.4 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E F4 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 386.4 R -(The)5.471 E F2(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 +(The b)108 516 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see)2.799 +E F5 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 528 R(The) +5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 398.4 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 540 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 410.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 427.2 +-.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 552 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 568.8 R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 439.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 580.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G .458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F2 -(cmdhist)108 451.2 Q F0 .75 +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 +(cmdhist)108 592.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 463.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 604.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 475.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 616.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 487.2 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(description of the)108 628.8 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -499.2 Q F1(HIST)72 516 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) --.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 528 R .611 +640.8 Q F2(HIST)72 657.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E +(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 669.6 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section)-5.611 -F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 540 R -.25(va)-.2 G +(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section)-5.611 +F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 681.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -.949(can be disabled using the)108 552 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 -(option to the)3.449 F F2(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 564 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti) --.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 580.8 R 1.306 -(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 592.8 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 -(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 -621.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 633.6 S .251 -(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 645.6 Q .146 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ -rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ -titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 657.6 R .767 -(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 669.6 R F3 --.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F3(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) --.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 681.6 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F -.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f) --.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 693.6 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 -.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 705.6 R .355 -(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) -3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 -717.6 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F -(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 729.6 R -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(56)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +.949(can be disabled using the)108 693.6 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +(option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 705.6 Q 2.5 +(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E +1.306(History e)108 722.4 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ +t)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(string.)108 84 Q -(Se)108 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 -F .03(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e) --.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 112.8 T +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 84 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 +(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 96 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +112.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 124.8 S .251 +(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 136.8 Q .146 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ +rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ +titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ +r inclusion into the current one.)108 148.8 R .767 +(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 160.8 R/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F1(wor) +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F1(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 172.8 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F +.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f) +-.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 184.8 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) +-.1 F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 196.8 R .355 +(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791 +(Only backslash \()108 208.8 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F +(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 220.8 R +(string.)108 232.8 Q(Se)108 249.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 261.6 T 3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G -(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F -F1(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 -141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 -(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109 -(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109(vior of history e)-.2 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E -F0 .231(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F1 -(shopt)2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 -F F1 -.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used,\ - history substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser) -108 165.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 -(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re) +-.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 273.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 290.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 302.4 R F2 +(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F2(shopt) +2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ +ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 +314.4 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 +(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 326.4 R F2 -.18(re) 4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G -(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F1(histr)108 189.6 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G +(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 338.4 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F12.803 E F0 .303 -(option to the)2.803 F F1(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 350.4 S -.25(ff).2 G +.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F22.803 E F0 .303 +(option to the)2.803 F F2(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 -(pansion will do before using it.)108 213.6 R(The)5.52 E F13.02 E -F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 +(pansion will do before using it.)108 362.4 R(The)5.52 E F23.02 E +F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F2(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 225.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 374.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 242.4 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 391.2 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 254.4 R -F1(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 403.2 R +F2(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F -(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 266.4 Q F1(Ev) -87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 415.2 Q F2(Ev) +87 432 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ -y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 -307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) -.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q F0 -1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.608(xcept when follo) --.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew) --4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 336 Q -F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 348 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad> -108 360 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 360 Q F2(n) -2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 372 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 372 Q -(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 384 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command precedin\ -g the current position in the history list starting with)144 384 R F2 -(string)144.34 396 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 408 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 -1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\ -n the history list containing)144 420 R F2(string)144.34 432 Q F0 5.496 -(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496 -(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F -.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) -2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\ -rch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 444 R .39 -(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 456 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 473 Q -F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752 -(Quick substitution.)144 480 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 -(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 492 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I -F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 -L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 504 -Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 504 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 520.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 532.8 S 1.314 -(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 544.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G -3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516 -(are numbered from the be)108 556.8 R .516 +y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 456 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot).15 G +(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 472.8 Q F0 +1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 472.8 R 1.608 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 484.8 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 496.8 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 +496.8 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 508.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command minus)144 508.8 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E +F2(!!)108 520.8 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 520.8 Q(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 532.8 Q F1(string) +A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ +on in the history list starting with)144 532.8 R F1(string)144.34 544.8 +Q F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 556.8 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to t\ +he most recent command preceding the current position in the history li\ +st containing)144 568.8 R F1(string)144.34 580.8 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G +.496(he trailing)-5.496 F F2(?)2.996 E F0 .496(may be omitted if)2.996 F +F1(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F .497(wed immediately by a ne) +-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F1(string)2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(miss\ +ing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if \ +there is no pre)144 592.8 R .39(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 604.8 Q +/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 621.8 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1 +(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752(Quick substitution.)144 628.8 R .752 +(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1) +3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F1(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 +E -.25(va)-.25 G .753(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 640.8 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F1(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 +I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 L(see).74 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 652.8 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 +652.8 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75(Wo)87 669.6 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 +-.8(Wo)108 681.6 S 1.314(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 +F 1.314(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:) +3.814 E F0 1.313(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313 +(nt speci\214cation).15 F .529(from the w)108 693.6 R .529 +(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529 +(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529(ord designator be)-.1 F .529 +(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E +F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C +(ords)-6.33 E .516(are numbered from the be)108 705.6 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) -.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 568.8 -Q F1 2.5(0\()108 585.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 597.6 -Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 621.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 621.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 633.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 633.6 -R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 -(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 645.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 657.6 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 657.6 R 1.42 -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 -(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F -(character that is part of a w)144 669.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 681.6 -Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 681.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 -E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1 -(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 693.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 -(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F -F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 705.6 Q(ord in the e) --.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 -E F1(x*)108 717.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 717.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(57)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 717.6 +Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<78ad>108 84 Q F0(Abbre)144 84 Q(viates)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C -(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0 -(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 100.8 Q -(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 117.6 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 129.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 141.6 Q +SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 +(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) +A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 +(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .063 +(The last w)144 132 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar) +2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 +(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 +144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 +156 R 1.42(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 +(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F +(character that is part of a w)144 168 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 180 Q F1 +A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 180 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 +(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*) +108 192 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 192 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 +(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F +F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) +2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 204 Q(ord in the e) +-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 +E F1(x*)108 216 Q F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) +A F1<78ad>108 228 Q F0(Abbre)144 228 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E +2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 +E(If a w)108 244.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 +(Modi\214ers)87 261.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 273.6 R .184 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 285.6 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 158.4 Q F0(Remo)144 158.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)144 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 170.4 Q F0(Remo)144 170.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 182.4 Q F0(Remo)144 182.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 326.4 Q F0(Remo)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 194.4 Q F0(Remo)144 194.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 338.4 Q F0(Remo)144 338.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -206.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 206.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 218.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 218.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 230.4 Q F0 .385 -(Quote the substituted w)144 230.4 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 +350.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 350.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 362.4 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 374.4 Q F0 .385 +(Quote the substituted w)144 374.4 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 E F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 (blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) 2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 -242.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G -(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 254.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E +386.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G +(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 398.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 410.4 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 (in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 (yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953 -(delimiter in place of /.)144 278.4 R .953 +(delimiter in place of /.)144 422.4 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) 5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 -(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 290.4 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 +(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 434.4 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 302.4 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 446.4 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 314.4 R +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 458.4 R 2.987(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 -(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 326.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 +(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 470.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) -108 338.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 338.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 350.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 350.4 R -.15 +108 482.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 482.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 +(g)108 494.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 494.4 R -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 (nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 362.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 506.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 (ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 (used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F -(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 374.4 Q +(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 518.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0 (may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 -386.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 386.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C +530.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 530.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E (ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 -(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 415.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ +SF(SHELL B)72 547.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 +(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 559.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 -427.2 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577 +571.2 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577 (to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0 (,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 439.2 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 583.2 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 451.2 R .261 +2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 595.2 R .261 (guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 (without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) -5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 463.2 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +108 607.2 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 -475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 493.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 505.2 R .452 +619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 637.2 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 649.2 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) -.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 517.2 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 534 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 546 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 661.2 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 678 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 690 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 (\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 558 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +(Read and e)144 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 -(status of the last command e)144 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331(cuted from) +(status of the last command e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331(cuted from) .15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2(\214lename) 5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .022(names in) -144 582 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .022 +144 726 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .022 (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F2(\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E F0 .023 -(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 594 S 3.861(cutable. The).15 F -1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA)3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86(cutable. When).15 F F1 -(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F2(posix)3.86 E(mode)144 606 Q F0 -2.648(,t)C .148 -(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4 --.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the) -4.648 F F1(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1 -(shopt)144 618 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F -1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 -(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.659 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 630 Q 3.691(yb) --.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F2 -(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82 -(rameters are unchanged.)144 642 R .82(If the)5.82 F F13.32 E F0 -.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 -(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 -(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 654 Q(y) --.15 E F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1 -(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) -3.323 F F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 666 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F12.727 E F0 .227 -(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) --2.976 F .89(retained when)144 678 R F1(.)3.39 E F0 3.39(completes. The) -3.39 F .891(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F -.891(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 690 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 706.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 718.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 730.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F -.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(58)185.955 E -0 Cg EP +(does not need to be)2.523 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17) +141.79 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(whose)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009 -(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009(ord to be check)-.1 F .008 -(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579(tution when the alias is e)144 96 R -3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579 -(in the ar)3.079 F .579(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E -F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 108 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Alias)6.314 -E F0 1.314(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi) -3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 120 Q F2(bg)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 148.8 R -F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S +3.861(cutable. The).15 F 1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e) +3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86(cutable. When).15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)3.86 +E(mode)144 96 Q F0 2.648(,t)C .148 +(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F1 +-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the) +4.648 F F2(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F2 +(shopt)144 108 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F +1.159(f, the)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 +(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F3(ar)3.659 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 120 Q 3.691(yb) +-.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F3 +(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82 +(rameters are unchanged.)144 132 R .82(If the)5.82 F F23.32 E F0 +.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F2(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 +(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F2(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 +(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 144 Q(y) +-.15 E F2(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F2 +(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F2(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) +3.323 F F2(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 156 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F22.727 E F0 .227 +(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F2(DEB)2.727 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) +-2.976 F .89(retained when)144 168 R F2(.)3.39 E F0 3.39(completes. The) +3.39 F .891(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F +.891(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 180 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F3(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F3(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 208.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E +F3(name)144 220.8 Q F0(=)A F3(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F3(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 232.8 Q F3(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F3(value) +2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 244.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F3(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F3(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 256.8 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F3(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 268.8 Q F2(bg)108 285.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F3(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +297.6 R F3(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 160.8 Q F0 .672 +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F3(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 309.6 Q F0 .672 (is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 172.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +-3.172 F F3(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.671 E F3(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 321.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 184.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 225.6 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 273.6 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 285.6 R F2 -.18 +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F3(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 333.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F2(bind)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2-2.5 E F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 374.4 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F3 +(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 +(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 +(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 422.4 Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 434.4 R F2 -.18 (re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 (equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 297.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E +2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 446.4 R F2 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.539 G 2.539(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.539 F .04(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .04(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2 --.18(re)144 309.6 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as) -2.682 F F1(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182 +-.18(re)144 458.4 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as) +2.682 F F3(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182 (ut each binding or command must be passed as a sep-)-2.882 F 1.907 -(arate ar)144 321.6 R 1.907 +(arate ar)144 470.4 R 1.907 (gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le'.)-.18 F 1.907(Options, if supplied, ha)6.907 F 2.207 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.907 -(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 333.6 Q F2144 345.6 Q F1 --.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 357.6 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E +(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 482.4 Q F2144 494.4 Q F3 +-.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 506.4 Q F3 -.1(ke)5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.658 -(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F1 -.1(ke) -180 369.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F1 3.192 +(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E F3 -.1(ke) +180 518.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F3 3.192 (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 381.6 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F1(vi\255insert)4.38 -E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 -(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F1(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 393.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F1 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 405.6 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 405.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F2144 417.6 Q F0(Display)180 417.6 Q F2 -.18(re) +(vi\255command)180 530.4 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F3(vi\255insert)4.38 +E F0(.).68 E F3(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 +(lent to).25 F F3(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F3(vi\255mo)A(ve) +-.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 542.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F3 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 554.4 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 554.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F2144 566.4 Q F0(Display)180 566.4 Q F2 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 429.6 -Q F0(List current)180 429.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2144 441.6 Q F0(Display)180 -441.6 Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 578.4 +Q F0(List current)180 578.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2144 590.4 Q F0(Display)180 +590.4 Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 453.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 465.6 Q -F0(Display)180 465.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 602.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 614.4 Q +F0(Display)180 614.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 (ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F2144 477.6 Q F0(Display)180 477.6 Q F2 -.18 +-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F2144 626.4 Q F0(Display)180 626.4 Q F2 -.18 (re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 489.6 Q F0(List current)180 489.6 Q +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 638.4 Q F0(List current)180 638.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F2144 501.6 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -513.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F2144 525.6 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 537.6 Q +(alues.)-.25 E F2144 650.4 Q F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +662.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F2144 674.4 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 686.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 549.6 Q F1(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 561.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 573.6 Q -F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 585.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F2144 597.6 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 609.6 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 -1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 621.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 -.18(re)180 633.6 S(adline).18 E -F0 .375(line b)2.875 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F 1.185 -(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 645.6 R -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.686(di).15 G 1.186(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-)-3.686 F -(ti)180 657.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.378(.T)-.65 G .377 -(he shell assigns an)-5.378 F 2.877(yn)-.15 G .377(umeric ar)-2.877 F -.377(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F 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If).25 F 1.354 +(there w)3.854 F 1.354(as no ar)-.1 F 1.354(gument, that v)-.18 F 1.354 +(ariable is not set.)-.25 F 1.355(If the e)6.355 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) +.15 E .344(command changes the v)180 192 R .344(alue of an)-.25 F 2.843 +(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.843 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3(READLINE_POINT)2.593 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.593 E F3(READ-)2.843 E +(LINE_MARK)180 204 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 216 +Q F0 .829(List all k)180 216 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 228 Q(The return v) +144 244.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 +E F1(br)108 261.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 273.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 285.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +297.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 314.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 326.4 Q .771 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 +F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -177.6 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -189.6 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +338.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +350.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 201.6 Q(alse if)-.1 +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 362.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 218.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 230.4 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 379.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 391.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 242.4 Q +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 403.2 Q (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 (ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 254.4 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +.253(subroutine call.)144 415.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 (displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 278.4 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +ent e)144 427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 439.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 290.4 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 451.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 302.4 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 463.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 331.2 R F2(dir) +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 492 R F2(dir) 2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) --.25 F .93(the def)144 343.2 R 3.43(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G -(riable).25 E F4(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E +F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F .93(the def)144 504 R +3.43(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 (de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2(dir) -3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 355.2 -R F4(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 -F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -.407(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 367.2 R 3.299 -(An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F4(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) +3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 516 R +F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F +F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +.407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 528 R 3.299(An) +5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F -3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 379.2 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('') -C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 540 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C +5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.928 E F0 .428 (option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144 -391.2 Q .168 +552 Q .168 (ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing) -2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 403.2 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 -(dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F13.725 E F0 1.225 +2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 564 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2(dir) +3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F13.725 E F0 1.225 (option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 (iltin command\); the).2 F F13.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 -F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 415.2 R .411 +F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 576 R .411 (wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) 2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) -2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 427.2 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84 -(,i)C 2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F -.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 439.2 R -.176(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F12.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 +2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 588 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84(,i)C +2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F .341 +(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from)-.25 +F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 600 R .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he) +-2.676 E F12.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E .341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ - directory change,)144 451.2 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F -.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 463.2 R .357 + directory change,)144 612 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F +.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 624 R .357 (On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F12.856 E F0 .356 (option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E -.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 475.2 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G +.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 636 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G 2.569(na)-5.069 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F12.569 E F0 -.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F4($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 -.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 487.2 R -.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F4(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) +.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 +.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 648 R +.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F3(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.806 E F0 .306 -(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 499.2 Q .116(gument, and the directory c\ -hange is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww) --.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 511.2 R .15 +(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 660 Q .116(gument, and the directory cha\ +nge is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 +G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 +(tory is written to the standard output.)144 672 R .15 (If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 -(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 523.2 Q F0(en)2.957 -E .457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G +(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 684 Q F0(en)2.957 E +.457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G .458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958 -E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 535.2 R .126 +E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 696 R .126 (alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) -.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F -(directory w)144 547.2 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E -(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0 -(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 -576 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 588 R F4 --.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 -(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 600 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 -(alue for)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 -(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 612 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 624 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 -144 636 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 648 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1(wa) -4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 660 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 672 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 700.8 R -F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 712.8 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 2.786(standard output.)144 724.8 R 2.786(When using the)7.786 F -F15.286 E F0(or)5.287 E F15.287 E F0 2.787(options, the v) -5.287 F 2.787(arious shell v)-.25 F 2.787(ariables set by the)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(60)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(directory w)144 708 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.) +-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(programmable completion f)144 84 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 108 R .352 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(command)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 96 Q +F2(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 108 R/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502 +(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2 +(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 120 R .399 +(ault v)-.1 F .399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.4 E .175(either the)144 132 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 144 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 +144 156 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 168 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1(wa) +4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 +(command)144.2 180 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 192 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 +(compgen)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 220.8 R +F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 232.8 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 244.8 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 256.8 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 280.8 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -120 R(If)5.02 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02 -(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 F(those completions matching)144 132 Q F1 -(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 156 Q +292.8 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 304.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 328.8 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI) --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(dlist) --.37 E F0(])A([)144 184.8 Q F2A F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lterpat) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 -208.8 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F1 -(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F -F23.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 -(options are supplied, e)144 220.8 R .139 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +(])A([)144 357.6 Q F1A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 +E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DEI) +A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 381.6 R +3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 +E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 +E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 +(options are supplied, e)144 393.6 R .139 (xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 (ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -232.8 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name) -2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1 +405.6 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) +2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 (name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 244.8 R(The)6.207 E -F23.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 256.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 417.6 R(The)6.207 E +F13.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 429.6 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -268.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F23.455 E F0 .955 +441.6 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 -(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 280.8 R +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 453.6 R (`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) --3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 292.8 R(The)5.447 E -F22.947 E F0 .448 +-3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 465.6 R(The)5.447 E +F12.947 E F0 .448 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 -(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 304.8 R +(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 477.6 R .123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) -144 316.8 R F2(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F2(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 +144 489.6 R F1(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F1(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 (hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 328.8 R F2 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 501.6 R F1 3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F23.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 -F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 +(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F13.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1 3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H -(f).15 E F23.207 E F0(,)A F2144 340.8 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) --2.603 E F22.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 -G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(f).15 E F13.207 E F0(,)A F1144 513.6 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) +-2.603 E F12.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 352.8 Q .153 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 525.6 Q .153 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -376.8 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 -388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +549.6 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 +561.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 585.6 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F23.056 E F0(,)A F23.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F23.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 424.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F23.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F23.223 E F0 .722 +(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 597.6 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F13.223 E F0 .722 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 436.8 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 448.8 Q -F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F1(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(sion before the)144 609.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 621.6 Q +F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 633.6 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F1 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 645.6 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 657.6 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 669.6 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -508.8 Q F2(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.375 +681.6 Q F1(default)184 693.6 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 693.6 R 5.375 (sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 532.8 Q F2(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F2 -(\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R -2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) --2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 -604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q -F2(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 -(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 652.8 Q -F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ -letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) -224 664.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 -(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 -676.8 Q F2(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) --.15 G 1.985 -(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(61)185.955 E 0 +224 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7550,2821 +7527,2849 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2 -(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ +e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ +es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134 +(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) +184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 +(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S +.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 +Q F1144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 +Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -108 Q F0(Alias names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 120 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 132 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 144 Q(Readline)224 144 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 156 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 156 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 168 -Q F0(Command names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 192 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 204 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 216 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 228 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -240 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 240 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -252 Q F0(Names of e)224 252 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 300 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 312 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 324 Q(Readline)224 324 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 336 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 336 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 348 +Q F0(Command names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 372 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 384 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 396 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 408 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +420 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 420 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +432 Q F0(Names of e)224 432 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -264 Q F0(File names.)224 264 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 276 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 288 -Q F1(gr)184 300 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 300 Q +444 Q F0(File names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 456 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 468 +Q F1(gr)184 480 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 480 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -312 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 324 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 336 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 348 +492 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 504 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 516 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 528 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 360 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 372 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 384 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 540 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 552 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 564 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -396 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 396 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 408 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 408 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 420 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 420 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 +576 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 576 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 588 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 588 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 600 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 600 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 432 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 432 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 444 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 444 Q F1(stopped)184 456 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 468 Q F0(User names.)224 468 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 492 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(shopt)184 612 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 612 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 624 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 624 Q F1(stopped)184 636 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 648 Q F0(User names.)224 648 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 672 Q F2 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 516 Q F1144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 -(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q -F1144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 -(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 -(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 720 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(62)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +184 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pro)184 84 Q .765 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 108 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 120 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 132 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 144 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 156 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 192 Q F1144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 240 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 252 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 +(each resultant w)184 276 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) +-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 +E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 288 Q .765 (vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 96 S 1.965(lue of).25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)4.465 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.964 +(va)184 300 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 108 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF144 120 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 -E(\214lterpat)184 132 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e) -2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456 -(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 144 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 156 Q F4(\214lterpat) +6.465 F(match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 324 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 336 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 348 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 360 Q F2(\214lterpat) 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F3(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F4(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 168 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F4(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 184.8 R .467 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 372 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 388.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F32.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F32.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 196.8 R F4(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 400.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F4(name)144 208.8 Q F0 +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 412.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F3(compopt)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(+o)-2.5 E F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 237.6 -R F4(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F4(option)2.947 E F0 +F1(compopt)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 249.6 R F4(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F4(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +(completion if no)144 453.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 261.6 Q F4(name) +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 465.6 Q F2(name) 3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F4(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F3(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) --5.178 E F32.678 E F0 .178 +-5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.228(the `)144 285.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 489.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 297.6 R 2.038 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F34.538 E F0 2.039 +no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 501.6 R 2.038 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.039 (option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 309.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 513.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 321.6 Q F33.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +-4.039 F(The)144 525.6 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .868(assignment w)144 333.6 R .868 -(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F3(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F3(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 345.6 Q .431(The return v)144 369.6 R +F .868(assignment w)144 537.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 549.6 Q .431(The return v)144 573.6 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F -(tions for a)144 381.6 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0 +(tions for a)144 585.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F3(continue)108 398.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F4(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 410.4 R .851 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F3 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F3(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F3(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F3 -(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F4(n)3.71 E F0 .85 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 422.4 R F4(n)2.703 E F0 -.203(th enclosing loop.)B F4(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F5 10 -/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F4(n)3.064 E F0 .204 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 602.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 614.4 R .851 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 +(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 626.4 R F2(n)2.703 E F0 +.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F5 10 +/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204 (is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 -(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 434.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 638.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F4(n)3.683 E F0 -1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 446.4 Q F3(declar) -108 463.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F3(typeset)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 -2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 487.2 R 1.264 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0 +1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 650.4 Q F1(declar) +108 667.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 691.2 R 1.264 (ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F -3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F4(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 (re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) --3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 499.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 -F F33.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 -(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F4(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 -G(hen)-5.96 E F33.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 511.2 Q F4 +-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 703.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +F F13.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 +(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 +G(hen)-5.96 E F13.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 715.2 Q F2 (name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 -(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F32.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F32.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.275 E F32.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 523.2 Q -F4(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 535.2 Q .38 -(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F32.88 E F0(,)A F3 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 -547.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F33.606 E F0 1.106 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 -559.2 R(The)5.299 E F32.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ - of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 -(and attrib)144 571.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F -F3(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F -F3(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 -(name and line number where each)144 583.2 R F4(name)3.148 E F0 .648 -(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F33.148 E -F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F3144 595.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) --5.837 E F33.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 -(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F3(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 607.2 Q -(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818 -(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F33.319 E -F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S .694 -(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the) --.15 F F4(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 -F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F -(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 631.2 R F4(name)3.32 E F0 .82 -(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 -(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F -.38(initially unset.)144 643.2 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379 -(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 655.2 Q(ute or to gi) --.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F3144 -667.2 Q F0(Each)180 667.2 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F3(Arrays)2.5 E -F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F3144 679.2 Q F0(Each)180 -679.2 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F3(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(\).).15 E F3144 691.2 Q F0(Use function names only)180 -691.2 Q(.)-.65 E F3144 703.2 Q F0 .557(The v)180 703.2 R .558 -(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F1 .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU) --1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 715.2 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 -(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(63)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F12.775 E F0(and) +2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 727.2 Q +F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 84 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 96 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q 1.619 -.15 -(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.819 E F0(the)3.819 -E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(attrib)144 84 Q +1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F 1.182 +(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +3.682 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62 +(will display the attrib)144 96 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62 +(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 +.62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 +108 R(The)6.29 E F13.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display of\ + function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948(name and attrib) +144 120 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb) +3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt) +3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F .626 +(\214le name and line number where each)144 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)3.126 E F0 .627(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.126 F(The) +5.627 E F13.127 E F0 .627(option im-)3.127 F(plies)144 144 Q F1 +3.01 E F0 5.51(.T)C(he)-5.51 E F13.01 E F0 .51 +(option forces v)3.01 F .509 +(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.009(nw).15 G(hen)-3.009 E F1(declar)144 156 Q(e)-.18 E F0 +.262(is e)2.762 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .262(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +.263(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.263 F(The)5.263 E F12.763 +E F0 .263(option causes local)2.763 F -.25(va)144 168 S .694 +(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the) +-.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F +(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 180 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82 +(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 +(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F +.38(initially unset.)144 192 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379 +(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 204 Q(ute or to gi)-.2 +E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1144 216 +Q F0(Each)180 216 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5 +(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 228 Q F0(Each)180 228 Q F2(name) +2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E +(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1144 240 Q F0(Use function names only)180 240 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +144 252 Q F0 .557(The v)180 252 R .558 +(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 264 Q F0(abo)2.25 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 276 Q F0 .91 +(When the v)180 276 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 288 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 300 Q +F0(Gi)180 300 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) +3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 -(That other v)180 120 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 +(That other v)180 312 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 (alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 -(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 132 Q .781 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 324 Q .781 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782 (xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F13.282 E F0(attrib) -3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 144 R +3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 336 R .809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 156 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 168 Q F0 -(Mak)180 168 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E +F(applied to array v)180 348 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 360 Q F0 +(Mak)180 360 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 -180 Q F1144 192 Q F0(Gi)180 192 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E +372 Q F1144 384 Q F0(Gi)180 384 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 204 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 216 -Q F0 .909(When the v)180 216 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 396 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 408 +Q F0 .909(When the v)180 408 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 228 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 240 Q -F0(Mark)180 240 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 420 R(lo)2.5 +E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 432 Q +F0(Mark)180 432 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 256.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 448.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 (he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 (xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 -.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 268.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 460.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 280.8 Q F1 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 472.8 Q F1 (declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 (local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 (command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 292.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 484.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 304.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 496.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 (hen using)-5.218 F F12.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F12.718 E F0 .217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 -(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 316.8 R .882 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 508.8 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 328.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 520.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) --2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 340.8 R .548 +/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) +-2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 532.8 R .548 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 352.8 R 1.749 +1.749(array v)144 544.8 R 1.749 (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)144 364.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +F2(names)144 556.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 376.8 R 1.213 +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 568.8 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 (rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 388.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 405.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) -C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 417.6 S .328 +-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 580.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 597.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) +C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 609.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 429.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 441.6 Q +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 621.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 633.6 Q F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 -(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 453.6 S -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 465.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 465.6 Q -F1144 477.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 477.6 R .881 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 645.6 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 657.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 657.6 Q +F1144 669.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 669.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 501.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 501.6 Q F1 -144 513.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 513.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 525.6 Q F1(+)144 537.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 537.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 549.6 Q F1144 561.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 561.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 573.6 Q .258(The return v)144 -590.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 602.4 Q F1(diso)108 619.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 631.2 S .121 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) -4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 643.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 -2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 655.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 667.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 -3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 679.2 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 -(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(64)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +681.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 693.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 693.6 Q F1 +144 705.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 705.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(echo)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 -96 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424 -(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924(wline. The)-.25 F .424 -(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307(error occurs.)144 108 R -(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne) -2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F1 -2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F -(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 120 R .198 -(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.198 E F1 -2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 -(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.565(Displays the)180 84 R +F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q F1 +144 108 Q F2(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 108 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 120 Q .258(The return v)144 +136.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 148.8 Q F1(diso)108 165.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 177.6 S .121 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 189.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 201.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 213.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 225.6 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 237.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F1(echo)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 266.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 278.4 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 +290.4 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 (ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 144 Q F0 .602 +(xpg_echo)144 314.4 Q F0 .602 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 -(escape characters by def)144 156 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659 -(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 +(escape characters by def)144 326.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 +.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 (to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) --.2 E(prets the follo)144 168 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 -180 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 180 Q F1(\\b)144 192 Q F0(backspace)180 192 -Q F1(\\c)144 204 Q F0(suppress further output)180 204 Q F1(\\e)144 216 Q -(\\E)144 228 Q F0(an escape character)180 228 Q F1(\\f)144 240 Q F0 -(form feed)180 240 Q F1(\\n)144 252 Q F0(ne)180 252 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) --2.5 E F1(\\r)144 264 Q F0(carriage return)180 264 Q F1(\\t)144 276 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)180 276 Q F1(\\v)144 288 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 288 S -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 300 Q F0(backslash)180 300 Q F1(\\0)144 -312 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 312 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 324 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 324 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 336 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 348 R 1.506 +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 338.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 350.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 350.4 Q F1(\\b)144 362.4 Q F0 +(backspace)180 362.4 Q F1(\\c)144 374.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +374.4 Q F1(\\e)144 386.4 Q(\\E)144 398.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 +398.4 Q F1(\\f)144 410.4 Q F0(form feed)180 410.4 Q F1(\\n)144 422.4 Q +F0(ne)180 422.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 434.4 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 434.4 Q F1(\\t)144 446.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +446.4 Q F1(\\v)144 458.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 458.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 470.4 Q F0(backslash)180 470.4 Q F1(\\0)144 482.4 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 482.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 494.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 494.4 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 506.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 518.4 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 360 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 372 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 384 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 530.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 396 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 424.8 R +3.048 E(HHH)180 566.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 595.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 436.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 607.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 448.8 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 619.2 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 -(abled; otherwise,)144 460.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 631.2 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F -F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) -144 472.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 -SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E -F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 484.8 S +F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F F3 -.666(PA)3.148 G +(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)144 643.2 R .538 +(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .538 +(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E F0 +.538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 655.2 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v) -144 496.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 +144 667.2 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 (riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548 -(directories in which to search for)144 508.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 +(directories in which to search for)144 679.2 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F (The)5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547 -(delete a b)144 520.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) +(delete a b)144 691.2 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) -.25 F F13.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .546(n, or if the).15 F F13.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545 -(supplied, a list of shell b)144 532.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F +(supplied, a list of shell b)144 703.2 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546 -(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 544.8 +(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 715.2 R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F13.195 E F0 .695 (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261 -(list printed includes all b)144 556.8 R .261 +(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F 1.436 +(list printed includes all b)144 727.2 R 1.436 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F -(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269 -(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 568.8 R F2(special) -2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268 -(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284 -(is not a shell b)144 580.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 -(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 -(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785 -(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 592.8 R -F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G -1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E -F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 604.8 S -(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G -(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 621.6 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 633.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E -(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) --2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 657.6 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 686.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 698.4 R .177 -(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 710.4 R .48(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) -3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 722.4 Q F0 .639 -(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 -(vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(65)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +(If)6.437 E F13.937 E F0(is)3.937 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.077(zeroth ar) -144 84 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077 -(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)3.777 E -F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077 -(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .877 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576 -(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 108 R -(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82 -(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 -F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 -120 R F2(exec)2.788 E F0 -.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F1(command) -2.988 E F0 .288(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287 -(edirections tak)-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287 -(ect in the current shell,).25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 132 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .927 +(supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)3.427 E F0 -.2(bu)3.427 G 3.427(iltins. If).2 +F .927(no options are supplied and a)3.427 F F1(name)144 96 Q F0 .254 +(is not a shell b)2.753 F(uiltin,)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable) +2.754 E F0 .254(will attempt to load)2.754 F F1(name)2.754 E F0 .254 +(from a shared object named)2.754 F F1(name)2.754 E F0 2.754(,a)C(s) +-2.754 E .103(if the command were)144 108 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .103 +(enable \255f)2.603 F F1 .103(name name)2.603 F F0 5.103(.T)2.603 G .103 +(he return v)-5.103 F .102(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F1(name)2.962 E F0 +.102(is not a shell)2.782 F -.2(bu)144 120 S +(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G +(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 136.8 T(l).15 +E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.17 E +(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F2 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) +-2.978 F F1(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F2 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F1(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F1(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 213.6 R .177 +(guments to)-.18 F F1(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F22.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .48(gument passed to) +-.18 F F1(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F1(lo) +3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F22.98 E F0 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F1(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .639 +(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F23.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F1(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F1(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F2(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 285.6 R F2(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F1(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 297.6 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 148.8 R .095(xit with a status of) +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .095(xit with a status of) -.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .096 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 160.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F4 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2(export)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 201.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 367.2 R F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 213.6 R(the)2.626 E F2 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.626 E F2 2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) 5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F2144 225.6 Q F0 .048 +(n, or if the).15 F F2144 391.2 Q F0 .048 (option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) -.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F22.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 237.6 S 1.446 +.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F1(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 249.6 S .742(lue of the v) +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .742(lue of the v) .25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 (export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F1(names)2.531 E F0 .031 (is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F22.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F1(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 273.6 Q F2(fc)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F2(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E +F2A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 -302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +468 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 314.4 R F1<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F1<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F1(last)3.022 E F0 .431 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -326.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F1 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F1 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F1(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 338.4 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 -(is used as an of)144 350.4 R .071 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) -5.071 F F1<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071 -(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 -(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 362.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 +144 504 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of) +144 516 R .071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071 +(When listing, a)5.071 F F1<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F1(last) +2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 528 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 (lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F2(fc)3.153 E F0 .653 -(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 +(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 540 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 (lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.093(ing \(so that)144 386.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) -2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F1<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 398.4 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 422.4 -Q F22.522 E F0 .022 +.093(ing \(so that)144 552 R F3 .093(fc \255l \25510)2.593 F F0 .093 +(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E +F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092 +(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 564 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 588 Q +F22.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 434.4 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 600 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 446.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 458.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 470.4 R .005 +.334(the editor gi)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 624 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F4(FCEDIT)3.131 E +F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) +-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 +(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 636 R .005 (ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 482.4 Q .789(In the second form,)144 506.4 R F1 +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 648 Q .789(In the second form,)144 672 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 518.4 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> +E(mand)144 684 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> 2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F4 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F -F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 530.4 Q F4 7.166 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F +F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 696 Q F3 7.166 (rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) 3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 542.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -566.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 578.4 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 -(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 -(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 614.4 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 643.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 655.2 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 667.2 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 679.2 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 696 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 708 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 720 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E -(66)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(mand.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(66) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q .579 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 84 R .142 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>4.552 E +(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455 +(specify history lines out of range.)144 96 R .454(If the)5.454 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF2.954 E F0 .454(option is supplied, the return v) +2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454(alue of the)-.25 F .787 +(last command e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 +120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 132 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 160.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 172.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 184.8 Q +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 196.8 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E +F2(getopts)108 213.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 225.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 237.6 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 249.6 Q .579 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 96 R .636 -(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636 -(xt op-)-.15 F .03(tion in the shell v)144 108 R(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.89 E F0 2.53(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2 -(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e)2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde) --.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G .029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar) --.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065(ment to be processed into the v)144 120 R -(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.565 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 -(shell script is in)144 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When).1 -F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)3.385 -E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566(the v)144 -144 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 .566 -(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 261.6 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 +(tion in the shell v)144 273.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G +.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.565 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.565 E F0 .066(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F +.885(shell script is in)144 297.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385 +(d. When).1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 +(getopts)3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F +.566(the v)144 309.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 (automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 -(between multiple calls to)144 156 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 +(between multiple calls to)144 321.6 R F2(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 (within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F -2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 168 Q -2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 192 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 204 Q F0 +2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 333.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 357.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 369.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 228 Q F0 .485 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 393.6 Q F0 .485 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E -(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 240 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0 -(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 .345 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 405.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E +F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 429.6 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F -.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 -(porting is used.)144 276 R 1.668 +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 +(porting is used.)144 441.6 R 1.668 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 288 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 324 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 336 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 348 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 372 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F2(name)144.36 384 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1 -(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 396 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 420 Q F0 .902 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 +453.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 465.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 489.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +501.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 513.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +537.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144.36 +549.6 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F2 +(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 561.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 +(getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 432 Q F1(hash)108 448.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 460.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 597.6 Q F2(hash)108 +614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 626.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 472.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 638.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 484.8 -R F12.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 650.4 +R F22.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 -(of the command.)144 496.8 R(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 .615 +(of the command.)144 662.4 R(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 508.8 R .293 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) -C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 +(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 674.4 R .293 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) +C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F22.794 E F0 .294 (option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 -520.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 -(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 532.8 R F12.675 E F0 -2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F2(name)2.675 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 +686.4 R F1(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +(If multiple)5.028 F F1(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 698.4 R F22.675 E F0 +2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F1(name)2.675 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F2 2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 -(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 544.8 R .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 710.4 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 -(n, or if only).15 F F13.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 -(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 556.8 R -.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 568.8 Q -F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -597.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 -609.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 621.6 Q F1 -144 633.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 633.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 645.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 645.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 657.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 657.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 674.4 Q F2 -(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 691.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 703.2 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(n, or if only).15 F F23.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 722.4 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(67)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history \255d)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F1(history \255d)108 96 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 120 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 144 S .752 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 84 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(help)108 +100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A +.867(Display helpful information about b)144 112.8 R .867 +(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 +(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 +124.8 R F1(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 136.8 Q F2 +144 148.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 148.8 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F2144 160.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 160.8 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F2144 172.8 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 172.8 Q F1(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 189.6 Q F1 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F2(history [)108 206.4 Q F1(n)A F2(])A +(history \255c)108 218.4 Q(history \255d)108 230.4 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F2(history \255d)108 242.4 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F2 +(history \255anrw)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A F2 +(history \255p)108 266.4 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(history \255s)108 278.4 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +290.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 156 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 302.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 168 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 314.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 180 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 326.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 192 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 338.4 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 204 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 -E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 216 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 216 Q F1 -144 228 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 240 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 -E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)-2.89 G -2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599 -(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 252 R -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 264 Q 2.5(,a) +(not, the v)144 350.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 362.4 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 362.4 Q F2 +144 374.4 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 386.4 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) +-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 398.4 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 410.4 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 276 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 1.25 -(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 288 R F2 -(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 300 -Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start) -2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1144 312 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 312 -R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 -(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 324 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 336 Q -F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 336 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 348 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 360 Q F1144 372 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 372 Q F1 -144 384 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 396 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 396 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 408 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F2(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2 +144 422.4 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 1.25 +(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 434.4 R F1 +(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F1(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 +446.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F1 +(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2 +144 458.4 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 458.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 470.4 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F2144 482.4 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 482.4 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 494.4 R +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F2(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +(sion.)180 506.4 Q F2144 518.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 518.4 Q F2 +144 530.4 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 530.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F2144 542.4 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 542.4 R(wing)-.25 E F1 +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 554.4 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 420 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 432 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)180 432 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 566.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2144 578.4 Q F0 +.362(Store the)180 578.4 R F1(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 460.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 590.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 607.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 472.8 R .669 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 619.2 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 484.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 631.2 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 496.8 R .832 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 643.2 R .832 (wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F -.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S .168(lid option\ +.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 655.2 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 520.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) --.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 667.2 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) +-.18 F F22.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 (he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341 -(gument to)-.18 F F1144 532.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) -108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) -2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 561.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E -(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 573.6 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 585.6 Q F1 -144 597.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 597.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 609.6 Q F1 -144 621.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 621.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 633.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 633.6 Q F1144 645.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 645.6 Q(If)144 662.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 674.4 Q -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 691.2 R F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 703.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(68)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(gument to)-.18 F F2144 679.2 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(jobs) +108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ]) +2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(68)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017 -(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2 -(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E -F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) -2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +SF(jobs \255x)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 +96 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 108 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 108 Q F1 +144 120 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)180 +120 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F +.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 132 Q F1144 +144 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 144 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 156 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 156 Q F1144 168 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 168 Q(If)144 184.8 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 E +F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 196.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 213.6 R F1 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 225.6 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) +2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 +E F1(kill)108 242.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E +F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 254.4 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|) +2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017 +(Send the signal named by)144 266.4 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E +F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 +E F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) +2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 278.4 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 290.4 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 144 R -F12.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 -F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 -R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 -168 R F13.3 E F0 .8 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 302.4 +R F12.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an) +5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 +314.4 R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The) +5.12 E F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8 +(gument to)144 326.4 R F13.3 E F0 .8 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 180 R -(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 338.4 +R(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 350.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 367.2 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +379.2 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 391.2 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) --2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 -(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F -(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 -(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 408 Q F0([)2.5 E +F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 420 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar)-2.541 +F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.902 +E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E F0 5.042(.T) +.18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F(an)144 432 Q +3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F +F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E +F0 .652(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able)144 444 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v) +-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.) +.15 F(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 456 R F1 (local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set)3.67 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 468 R F1(set)3.67 E +F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 321.6 R .881 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 480 R .881 (restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 (cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 -(that were in place before the function.)144 333.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 +(that were in place before the function.)144 492 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 (th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 345.6 R -.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 504 R .654 +(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 (when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F -(unless)144 357.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) +(unless)144 516 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 -374.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 374.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 391.2 Q F0 +532.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 532.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 549.6 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 403.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 561.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R +(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 (arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 427.2 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 585.6 R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 451.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +-6.248 F(ha)144 597.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 609.6 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 609.6 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 463.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 621.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 475.2 Q F0(Cop)180 475.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 633.6 Q F0(Cop)180 633.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 487.2 Q F0(Be)180 -487.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 645.6 Q F0(Be)180 +645.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E -2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 499.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 499.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 511.2 Q F0(Remo)180 511.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 657.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 657.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +144 669.6 Q F0(Remo)180 669.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 523.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 523.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 535.2 Q F0(Ev)180 -535.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 681.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 681.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 693.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +693.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 547.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 547.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 -(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 588 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 600 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 616.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 633.6 Q F0 .797 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 -(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 662.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 -(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 -(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 -(directory listed by)144 686.4 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 -(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) --3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 698.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E -5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 710.4 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 710.4 R .551 -(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(69)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 705.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 705.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 722.4 Q F14.229 E F0 +1.729(is speci\214ed without)4.229 F F14.229 E F0 4.229(,t)C 1.729 +(he def)-4.229 F 1.729(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)6.729 E F2 +(callbac)4.229 E(k)-.2 E F0 1.728(is e)4.228 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.728 +(luated, it is).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(69) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 -(from the stack.)180 96 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 E -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .407 +(supplied the inde)144 84 R 2.908(xo)-.15 G 2.908(ft)-2.908 G .408 +(he ne)-2.908 F .408(xt array element to be assigned and the line to be\ + assigned to that ele-)-.15 F .484(ment as additional ar)144 96 R +(guments.)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(callbac)5.483 E(k)-.2 E F0 .483 +(is e)2.983 F -.25(va)-.25 G .483(luated after the line is read b).25 F +.483(ut before the array ele-)-.2 F(ment is assigned.)144 108 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 124.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay) +-.15 E F0(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 141.6 Q F0 .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 153.6 S +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F2(popd)108 170.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 182.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 +(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 +(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 +(directory listed by)144 194.4 R F2(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 +(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) +-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 206.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E +5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 218.4 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 218.4 R .551 +(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 230.4 Q F2(+)144 242.4 Q F1(n)A +F0(Remo)180 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 +(from the stack.)180 254.4 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 +E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F3 .779 -(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 108 Q F1144 120 Q -F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n) -3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 132 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3 -(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 +(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 266.4 Q F2144 +278.4 Q F1(n)A F0(Remo)180 278.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he) +-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 +290.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -148.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 -F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 160.8 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 +307.2 R F1(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F2(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 319.2 Q F2(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.696 G .196 (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 -(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697 -E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 172.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E -(Otherwise,)144 189.6 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 +(If the)5.196 F F2(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F2(popd)2.697 +E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 331.2 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 348 Q F2(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o) --.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 201.6 Q +-.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 360 Q (xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.555(If the)144 -218.4 R F1(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 -F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 +376.8 R F2(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 +F F2(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 (he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F -(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 230.4 Q F1(printf)108 247.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar) -A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 259.2 R F2(ar)2.858 +(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 388.8 Q F2(printf)108 405.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2A F1(var)2.5 E F0(])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar) +A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 417.6 R F1(ar)2.858 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 -E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F12.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 -(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 271.2 R(ariable)-.25 -E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 283.2 Q(The)144 307.2 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F1(format)2.857 +E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F22.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 +(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 429.6 R(ariable)-.25 +E F1(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 +F(output.)144 441.6 Q(The)144 465.6 Q F1(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +ape sequences, which are con)144 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 331.2 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 343.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 355.2 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 367.2 Q F0(causes)180 367.2 Q F1(printf) +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 489.6 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)144 501.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F1 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F2(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 513.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F2(%b)144 525.6 Q F0(causes)180 525.6 Q F2(printf) 2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 -(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 379.2 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 391.2 Q F0(causes)180 391.2 Q -F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F1(ar) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 537.6 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F2(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%q)144 549.6 Q F0(causes)180 549.6 Q +F2(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F1(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 403.2 Q F1(%Q)144 415.2 Q F0(lik)180 415.2 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q) +(input.)180 561.6 Q F2(%Q)144 573.6 Q F0(lik)180 573.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(%q) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 -(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 427.2 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 439.2 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 451.2 R F2 -(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) +(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 +(before quoting it.)2.5 E F2(%\()144 585.6 Q F1(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F0 +(causes)180 597.6 Q F2(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F1(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 609.6 R F1 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F1(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -463.2 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +621.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 475.2 R +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 633.6 R .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) -3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 487.2 R -.15 +3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 645.6 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 499.2 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 -(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G .901 -(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 +F2(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 657.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 +(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 674.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G +.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 (guments from the format)-.18 F .358(speci\214cation and write that man) -144 528 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 +144 686.4 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 (ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.858 F .357 (xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E -(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 540 Q(Ar) -144 556.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated \ -as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259 -(minus sign is allo)144 568.8 R 1.259 +(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 698.4 Q +(Ar)144 715.2 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +1.259(minus sign is allo)144 727.2 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 580.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 597.6 Q F2(format)2.514 E -F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) -2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -609.6 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 -(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) -.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 621.6 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 662.4 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 674.4 R .089 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F -(the directory stack.)144 686.4 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -698.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ -g or adding directories to the)180 698.4 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(70)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17) +141.79 E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.268 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ASCII v)144 84 Q +(alue of the follo)-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 100.8 Q +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)2.514 E F0 .015 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F1(ar)2.515 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F1(format) +2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F1(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +112.8 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 +(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) +.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 124.8 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) +-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 153.6 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ +tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ +e ne)144 165.6 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089 +(stack the current w)144 177.6 R .089(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W) +-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.588 G .088(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088 +(lements of)-2.588 F(the directory stack.)144 189.6 Q(Ar)5 E +(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 201.6 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the norm\ +al change of directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 +201.6 R(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 213.6 Q F2(+) +144 225.6 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 225.6 R F1 +(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 (th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1144 108 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 -108 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +-.25 F F2(dirs)180 237.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 249.6 Q F1(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 249.6 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 132 Q F0(Adds)180 132 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +F F2(dirs)180 261.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 273.6 Q F0(Adds)180 273.6 Q F1(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 148.8 R F12.935 E -F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0 -.434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F -(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 160.8 Q(If the)5 E -F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 290.4 R F22.935 E +F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F2(pushd)2.934 E F0 +.434(uses the)2.934 F F2(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F +(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 302.4 Q(If the)5 E +F2(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F2(pushd)2.5 E F0 (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 -177.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 +319.2 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F2(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093 -(When rotating the directory stack,)144 189.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 331.2 R F2(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 (returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-) --.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 201.6 Q 1.277 -(If the)144 218.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 -(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278 +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 343.2 Q 1.277 +(If the)144 360 R F2(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F2(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278 (to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 230.4 Q F1 -(pwd)108 247.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 259.2 R .845 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 372 Q F2(pwd) +108 388.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 400.8 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -271.2 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +412.8 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 283.2 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 424.8 R(the)3.264 E F23.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 295.2 R -.25(va) --.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 307.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -324 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 -3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E -F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 336 Q -F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, \ -or from the \214le descriptor)144 348 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 -(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 360 Q F1 -2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435(ords as described abo) --.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435 -(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 372 R F2(name)3.235 E -F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376(ord to the second)-.1 F -F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376 -(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 -(than names, the remaining w)144 384 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F -.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E F0 -5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 396 R .874(wer w)-.25 F -.875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\ -e assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 408 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518 -(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 436.8 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 448.8 Q F2 -.18(re)108 +465.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 +E F1(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 +-3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 +-3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E +F1(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(timeout) +3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 477.6 +Q F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\ +, or from the \214le descriptor)144 489.6 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 501.6 Q F2 +2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 +(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 513.6 R F1 +(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 +(than names, the remaining w)144 525.6 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 +F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)3.096 E +F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 537.6 R .874(wer w) +-.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ +ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 549.6 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F +.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 (are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 420 R -.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 561.6 R +.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 -(be used to remo)144 432 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H +(backslash character \()2.526 F F2(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 +(be used to remo)144 573.6 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E -(tions, if supplied, ha)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 456 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w) -180 468 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) --.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026 -(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F2(aname)180.33 480 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 -E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E -F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 492 Q -F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 504 R F2(delim)2.781 -E F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F -2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 516 Q F0 -(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 528 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 528 R F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 -(to obtain the line.)180 540 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) -5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F -(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G -(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 -E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 564 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 -E F0(If)180 564 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(tions, if supplied, ha)144 585.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 597.6 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 +(The w)180 609.6 R 1.026 +(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) +-.25 E F1(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F +F1(aname)180.33 621.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 633.6 Q F1(delim)2.5 E +F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 645.6 R F1(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 657.6 Q F0(is the empty string,) +2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +144 669.6 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 669.6 R F2 -.18 +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) +2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +.218(to obtain the line.)180 681.6 R .218 +(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E +(acti)180 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 705.6 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 705.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 576 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 588 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 600 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 -(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 -(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 -(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 612 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 624 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 636 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 648 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 660 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 672 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 684 S .669 -(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 696 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(71) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(ing be)180 717.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(71)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error) -3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 +-.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 .323(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc) +2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 108 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 120 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 132 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 144 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 156 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 168 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 180 S .669 +(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 192 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 120 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F .493(the line.)180 132 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) +144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 240 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 252 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) -.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 (wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 -144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 156 Q +264 Q F1144 276 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 276 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 168 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G +144 288 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 300 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G (ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 192 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 312 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 (seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 204 Q +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 324 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -216 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 228 R .589 +336 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 348 R .589 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) -.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 240 S(riable) +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 360 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 252 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 372 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F -1.225(turn EOF)180 264 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 +1.225(turn EOF)180 384 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 F 1.225(The e)6.225 F 1.225 (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E -(ceeded.)180 276 Q F1144 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 -(If no)144 304.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +(ceeded.)180 396 Q F1144 408 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 408 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 +(If no)144 424.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F .522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 -316.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 +436.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 (xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 (re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -328.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 -(signing to a readonly v)144 340.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +448.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 +(signing to a readonly v)144 460.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1144 352.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 -369.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E +.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1144 472.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 +489.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 +-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 -(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 +(quent assignment.)144 513.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 525.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 537.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 561.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -465.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 573.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +585.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 477.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 597.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 609.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 626.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 650.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 662.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) -144 554.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +144 674.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 578.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 +.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 698.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 (is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 710.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 (or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 722.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 -(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 -(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 -(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) --2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -691.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 -(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 -(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 -(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 703.2 R 2.613 -(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 715.2 -R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) --.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F 1.843(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 727.2 R 4.343(ys)-.15 G -1.843(et or unset shell attrib)-4.343 F 4.343(utes. An)-.2 F 4.343(ya) --.15 G -.18(rg)-4.343 G 1.843(uments remaining after).18 F(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(72)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(72)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .504 -(option processing are treated as v)144 84 R .505 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .445 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 84 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re) +2.944 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F +(gu-)-.18 E .381(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e) +144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0 +(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c) +-5.381 H(om-).15 E .75(mand associated with the)144 108 R F1(RETURN) +3.249 E F0 .749(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F +(or script.)144 120 Q F1(set)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 +(set)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 +160.8 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 +(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 +(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 +(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 172.8 R 2.613 +(ariables. 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This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 402 -Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 414 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 414 R .514 +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 490.8 Q F1 +144 502.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 502.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +144 514.8 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +514.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F +(abled by def)184 526.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 538.8 Q F0 .513 +(All ar)184 538.8 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 426 Q F1 -144 438 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 438 R .149 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 550.8 Q F1 +144 562.8 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 562.8 R .149 (Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F .148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 450 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(on systems that support it \(see)184 574.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). 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This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 594 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 618 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 702 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 702 R 3.087(,a) --.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 714 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(73)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(when the shell is interacti)224 718.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G +.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) +3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 730.8 R(also af)2.5 E +(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E +(73)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ignor)184 84 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 96 R 1.656 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +SF(err)184 84 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 168 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 168 R 3.087(,a) +-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 +H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 180 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 +192 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 204 R 1.656 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -108 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 156 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 168 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 204 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 204 Q F1(notify)184 216 Q F0 -(Same as)224 216 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 228 Q F0(Same as) -224 228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 252 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 264 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) -224 264 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 276 R +216 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 228 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 252 Q F0(Same as)224 252 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 264 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 288 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 312 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 312 Q F1(notify)184 324 Q F0 +(Same as)224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 336 Q F0(Same as) +224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 360 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q +F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 372 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) +224 372 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 384 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 288 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 300 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)224 300 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 396 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 408 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)224 408 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -312 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 324 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G +420 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 432 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G .954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-) --3.454 E(ha)224 336 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 348 Q(vileged)-.1 E -F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 372 S(rbose).1 E -F0(Same as)224 372 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 384 Q F0 .209 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 384 R 2.709(ace. This) --.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 396 +-3.454 E(ha)224 444 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 456 Q(vileged)-.1 E +F0(Same as)224 468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 480 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 480 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 492 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 492 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 504 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) -184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q F1 -3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F3(option\255name) +184 516 Q F0(Same as)224 516 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 534 Q F1 +3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -438 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F3(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +546 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 (commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 450 Q F1 -144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 558 Q F1 +144 570 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 570 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F4 -.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 498 R .379 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 582 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 594 +S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 606 R .379 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 510 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 618 R F12.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 630 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 642 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G .387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1144 558 Q F0 -(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 558 Q -(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1144 570 Q -F0(Exit after reading and e)184 570 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 582 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 582 S .773 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 654 Q F1144 666 Q F0 +(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 666 Q +(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1144 678 Q +F0(Exit after reading and e)184 678 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 690 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 690 S .773 (eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \ -parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 594 R .459(ariables s\ +parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 702 R .459(ariables s\ ubscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 -F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 606 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 +F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 714 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F -(error message, and, if not interacti)184 618 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) -.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1144 630 Q F0 -(Print shell input lines as the)184 630 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E -F1144 642 Q F0 .315(After e)184 642 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 -.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 -(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 654 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) -.25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F -1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 -(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 666 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E -(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1144 678 Q F0 -1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 678 R 1.206(xpansion \(see)-.15 F -F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705 -(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)184 690 S(ult.).1 E F1 -144 702 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 702 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213 -(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 -(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 714 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 -(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 726 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(74)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(error message, and, if not interacti)184 726 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) +.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 January 17)141.79 E(74)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 84 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +SF144 84 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 84 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 +G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0 .315(After e)184 96 R .315 +(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 +F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E +F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235 +(or arithmetic)184 108 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 +(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 120 Q +(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 +144 132 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 132 R 1.206 +(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa) +184 144 S(ult.).1 E F1144 156 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash) +2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F +.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 168 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) +.15 F(tor)184 180 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 192 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 192 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 (rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 F -3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 -144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +F .839(mands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 216 Q F1 +144 228 Q F0(Enable)184 228 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 (style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 144 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 240 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 252 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 252 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 -(that change the current w)184 156 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 +(that change the current w)184 264 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 (.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 168 R(def) +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 276 R(def) 3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 180 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -192 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 192 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +300 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 300 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 228 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 324 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 336 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)184 336 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 252 Q F0 .797 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)3.297 E -(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796 -(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 264 R F1 -3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F13.022 E F0 .522 +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 348 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +360 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 360 R +F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G +.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 372 +R F13.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F13.022 E F0 .522 (options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) 3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B -(rameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 292.8 +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 384 Q .425(The options are of)144 400.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 412.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +(current set of options may be found in)144 424.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +(is encountered.)144 436.8 Q F1(shift)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 465.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 477.6 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 489.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 501.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([) +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 513.6 Q F1(shopt)108 530.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 542.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 554.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 458.4 R .065 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 566.4 R .065 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 -F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 470.4 R F2 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 578.4 R F2 (optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 -(tions. The)144 482.4 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ +(tions. The)144 590.4 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 -E(options ha)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 506.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 518.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 518.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -530.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 530.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 542.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E(options ha)144 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 614.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 626.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 626.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +638.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 638.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 650.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 554.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 566.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 566.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 662.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 674.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 674.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 583.2 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 691.2 R F1 3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 -(set or unset, respecti)144 595.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) -.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 607.2 S(ult.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 624 -R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F -.696 -(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 636 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 648 Q(The list of)144 664.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 682.8 Q F0 1.945 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 694.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 706.8 R .885 -(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 -(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 718.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(75)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 715.2 S(ult.) +.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(75)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(autocd)144 84 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 84 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.544 +(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544 +(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F .696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 96 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 108 Q(The list of)144 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(assoc_expand_once)144 142.8 Q F0 +1.945(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 154.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 166.8 R .885 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 178.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2 +(autocd)144 190.8 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 190.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 96 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 202.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 108 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 120 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F2(cdable_v)144 214.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 226.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 132 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 144 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 238.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 250.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -144 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 156 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +250.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 262.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 168 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 274.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 180 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 192 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 216 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 228 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(the command proceeds.)184 286.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F2(checkhash)144 298.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 310.8 R F2(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +322.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 334.8 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 346.8 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 252 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 358.8 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G .161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473 -(tempted without an interv)184 264 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 276 S -(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) --2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 288 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.59 -E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e) --3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F -(necessary)184 312 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85 -(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1 -(fa)184 324 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 336 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 336 R -F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 +(tempted without an interv)184 370.8 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 +382.8 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 394.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +406.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G +1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 418.8 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G +.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and) +3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 430.8 S(ult.).1 E F2 +(cmdhist)144 442.8 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 442.8 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 +(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 348 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 +184 454.8 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 360 S 1.287(ult, b).1 -F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 466.8 S 1.287(ult, b) +.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 372 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 -(compat31)144 384 Q(compat32)144 396 Q(compat40)144 408 Q(compat41)144 -420 Q(compat42)144 432 Q(compat43)144 444 Q(compat44)144 456 Q(compat50) -144 468 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 480 R 3.389 -(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F2 .889(SHELL COMP) -3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 492 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 508.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 520.8 -R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ -s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 -(forming completion.)184 532.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 -E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 -(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ -haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -544.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 556.8 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 -(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 568.8 R 1.073 -(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 478.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A +F2(compat31)144 490.8 Q(compat32)144 502.8 Q(compat40)144 514.8 Q +(compat41)144 526.8 Q(compat42)144 538.8 Q(compat43)144 550.8 Q +(compat44)144 562.8 Q(compat50)144 574.8 Q F0 .889 +(These control aspects of the shell')184 586.8 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889 +(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F3 .889(SHELL COMP)3.389 F -.855(AT) +-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 598.8 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(complete_fullquote)144 615.6 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 627.6 R F2(bash) +3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and dire\ +ctory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 639.6 +R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F2(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F +2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ +enames when these)184 651.6 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 +663.6 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.) +-.1 F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 675.6 R +1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 580.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 687.6 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -592.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 604.8 Q +699.6 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 711.6 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 621.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 -(If set,)184 633.6 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 -(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -645.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -657.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 674.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -674.4 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 -(ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 686.4 Q(xist.)-.15 -E F1(dotglob)144 703.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 703.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 -.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 -('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 715.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') -.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 -(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 -(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(76) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17) +141.79 E(76)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(execfail)144 84 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 84 R .817 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .516(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E -(gument to the)184 96 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 -E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 112.8 Q -F0 .716(If set, aliases are e)184 124.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo) --.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES) -3.217 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 136.8 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 153.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 165.6 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 -(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 177.6 R F1 -3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 189.6 Q +SF(dir)144 84 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.987 E +F0 .486(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486 +(ord e)-.1 F .486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179 +(ing \214lename completion.)184 108 R .179 +(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F(uf)-.2 E +(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 120 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 136.8 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +136.8 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +(ord completion if)-.1 F +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 148.8 Q(xist.)-.15 +E F1(dotglob)144 165.6 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 165.6 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 +.165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 +('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 177.6 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 194.4 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti) +184 194.4 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 +206.4 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E +F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 223.2 Q F0 .716 +(If set, aliases are e)184 235.2 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 247.2 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 264 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 276 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 288 R F13.582 +E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 300 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -206.4 Q F0(The)220 206.4 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 +316.8 Q F0(The)220 316.8 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 218.4 -Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 235.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) -220 235.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 328.8 +Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 345.6 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) +220 345.6 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) 4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E -(command is skipped and not e)220 247.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -(3.)184 264 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 264 R F1(DEB)3.341 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 -(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 276 S .488 +(command is skipped and not e)220 357.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 +(3.)184 374.4 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 374.4 R F1(DEB) +3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 +(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 386.4 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 288 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 398.4 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 304.8 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 304.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 415.2 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 415.2 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 316.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 333.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is e\ -nabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 333.6 R -(shells in)220 345.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E -F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 427.2 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 444 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 444 R +(shells in)220 456 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 362.4 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ -and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 362.4 R(in)220 -374.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 472.8 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ +and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 472.8 R(in)220 +484.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) -2.5 E F1(extglob)144 391.2 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 391.2 R .4 +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 501.6 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 501.6 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 403.2 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 432 R F1 -($)3.36 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 513.6 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 530.4 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 542.4 R +F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 (")A F4(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 (${)3.36 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 -(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 460.8 Q -F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 460.8 R .243 +(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 554.4 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 571.2 Q +F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 571.2 R .243 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 -(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 472.8 Q(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 489.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 501.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 583.2 Q(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 600 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 513.6 R -.32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G -.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 525.6 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32 +(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 +(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 (abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 (FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) -184 537.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 554.4 Q F0 2.518 -(If set, range e)184 566.4 R 2.519 +184 648 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 664.8 Q F0 2.518 +(If set, range e)184 676.8 R 2.519 (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 578.4 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +(Matching)184 688.8 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) -3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 590.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 700.8 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F -F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 602.4 R F1 +F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 712.8 R F1 (A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) -3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 614.4 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globskipdots)144 631.2 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 643.2 R .284 -(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 -(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) -.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) --2.785 F(tern be)184 655.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 -(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(globstar)144 672 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 672 R F1(**) -3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F -.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 684 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(77)185.955 E 0 Cg -EP +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 724.8 Q(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(77)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are written in t\ -he standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q F1(histappend)144 112.8 Q -F0 .676 +SF(globskipdots)144 84 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 96 R .284 +(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 +(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) +.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) +-2.785 F(tern be)184 108 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(globstar)144 124.8 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 124.8 R F1(**) +3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F +.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 136.8 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +148.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 165.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\ +ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 177.6 Q F1 +(histappend)144 194.4 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -124.8 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 --.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 136.8 Q +206.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 +-.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 218.4 Q (xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 -(histr)144 153.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 165.6 R F1 -.18 +(histr)144 235.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 247.2 R F1 -.18 (re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 -F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 177.6 Q F1(histv)144 -194.4 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 206.4 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G -(adline).18 E F0 .403 +F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 259.2 Q F1(histv)144 276 +Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 288 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline) +.18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 218.4 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 300 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 230.4 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 -E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 247.2 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 259.2 R F1 -.18(re) +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 312 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 328.8 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 -.18(re) 3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w) -184 271.2 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +184 352.8 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 283.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 300 Q F0(If set,) -184 312 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 381.6 Q F0 +(If set,)184 393.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 328.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 340.8 R .219 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 410.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 422.4 R .219 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 352.8 Q +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 434.4 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 369.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 381.6 R +144 451.2 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 463.2 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) --.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 393.6 R 1.267 +-.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 475.2 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F -(enabled by def)184 405.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 422.4 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 422.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 -(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 434.4 Q(vironment.) --.4 E F1(lithist)144 451.2 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 451.2 R F1 -(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history) --3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 463.2 Q +(enabled by def)184 487.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 504 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 504 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) +184 516 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 532.8 Q F0 .655 +(If set, and the)184 532.8 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 544.8 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 480 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 492 R +(localv)144 561.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 573.6 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -504 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +585.6 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 516 Q -F1(localv)144 532.8 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 544.8 R +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 597.6 Q +F1(localv)144 614.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 626.4 R F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F .329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ -the beha)184 556.8 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 568.8 Q -(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 585.6 +the beha)184 638.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 650.4 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 667.2 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -597.6 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 609.6 S(lue may not be changed.) -.25 E F1(mailwar)144 626.4 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) -184 638.4 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 650.4 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 -667.2 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 679.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E -F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 691.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(78)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +679.2 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 691.2 S(lue may not be changed.) +.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(78)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +SF(mailwar)144 84 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 96 R +F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 124.8 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 136.8 R F1 +-.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash) +2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 148.8 Q +F1(nocaseglob)144 165.6 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 177.6 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 189.6 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 124.8 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -136.8 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 206.4 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +218.4 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 (matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 148.8 R +1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 230.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 160.8 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ +F -.1(wo)184 242.4 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -172.8 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 189.6 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 201.6 R +254.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 271.2 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 283.2 R F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ -ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 213.6 Q +ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 295.2 Q (If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 -(nullglob)144 230.4 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 242.4 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0 -(allo)3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 --.1(Pa)3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.355(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 254.4 S +(nullglob)144 312 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 336 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(patsub_r)144 271.2 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 283.2 R F1 +(patsub_r)144 352.8 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 364.8 R F1 (bash)2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&) 2.606 E F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to) -2.606 F .527(the te)184 295.2 R .527 +2.606 F .527(the te)184 376.8 R .527 (xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G .528(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.028 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.528(.T).15 G -(his)-5.528 E(option is enabled by def)184 307.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 -324 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -336 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(his)-5.528 E(option is enabled by def)184 388.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 +405.6 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +417.6 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 348 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 364.8 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 -(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 376.8 R F1(bash) -4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 388.8 Q +(are enabled.)184 429.6 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(pr)144 446.4 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 458.4 R F1(bash) +4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 470.4 Q 3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 (ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 -(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 400.8 R F1(bash)3.973 E +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 482.4 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F -1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 412.8 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E -F1(pr)144 429.6 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 441.6 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 494.4 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E +F1(pr)144 511.2 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 523.2 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 -453.6 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G -.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 465.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 -(re)144 482.4 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +535.2 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G +.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.671 +E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 547.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 +564 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 494.4 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 506.4 Q 2.86 +184 576 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 588 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 518.4 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 -E F1(shift_v)144 535.2 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 547.2 R F1 +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 600 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 616.8 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 628.8 R F1 (shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 559.2 Q F1(sour) -144 576 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 588 R F1(.)3.27 E F0(\() -3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 640.8 Q F1(sour) +144 657.6 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 669.6 R F1(.)3.27 E F0 +(\()3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 +F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 600 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 616.8 S(rr).1 +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 681.6 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 698.4 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If set, the shell automatically closes \214l\ -e descriptors assigned using the)184 628.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 640.8 R -F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G -.424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F -(mand completes.)184 652.8 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 669.6 Q F0(If set, the)184 -681.6 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 710.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 722.4 R F1 -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(79)185.955 E 0 -Cg EP +e descriptors assigned using the)184 710.4 R F2({varname})3.24 E F0 +(redi-)3.24 E 2.557(rection syntax \(see)184 722.4 R F3(REDIRECTION) +5.058 E F0(abo)4.808 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.058(\)i).15 G 2.558 +(nstead of lea)-5.058 F 2.558(ving them open when the)-.2 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(79)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0u)144 84 S -(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1 -(test)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -112.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 112.8 R .877 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(command completes.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xpg_echo)144 100.8 Q +F0(If set, the)184 112.8 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 141.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. 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O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 190.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 202.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 202.8 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 214.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 214.8 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(used when there are \214v)144 272.4 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 284.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 284.4 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 296.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 296.4 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 226.8 Q F2 -.2 -(ex)144 238.8 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 250.8 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 262.8 S -(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -274.8 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 291.6 Q F0(and)2.5 E +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 308.4 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 320.4 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 332.4 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 344.4 S +(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +356.4 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 373.2 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 309.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 321.6 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 333.6 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 345.6 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 391.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 403.2 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 415.2 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 427.2 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 357.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 369.6 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 439.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 451.2 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 381.6 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 463.2 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 393.6 Q .553 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 475.2 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 405.6 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 487.2 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 417.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 429.6 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 499.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 511.2 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 441.6 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 453.6 R .578(xpression i\ +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 523.2 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 535.2 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 465.6 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 547.2 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 477.6 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +(three ar)180 559.2 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -489.6 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +571.2 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 501.6 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +F(ar)180 583.2 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 513.6 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -525.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 537.6 R .43 +(wise, the e)180 595.2 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +607.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 619.2 R .43 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429 (If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.929 E F0 2.929 -(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 549.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 +(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 631.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 (xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 -(ments. the)180 561.6 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 +(ments. the)180 643.2 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 (gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 -F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 573.6 R +F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 655.2 R (xactly)-.15 E F1(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 (he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F -.184(second and third ar)180 585.6 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +.184(second and third ar)180 667.2 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 609.6 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 621.6 R 1.635 +679.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 691.2 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 703.2 R 1.635 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 651.6 Q F1(test)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 668.4 Q F0 -1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 668.4 R(The return status is 0.)144 -680.4 Q F1(trap)108 697.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command) -144 709.2 R F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .682(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.183(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F2(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G -(f)-5.683 E F2(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609 -(absent \(and there is a single)144 721.2 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 -(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 -(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(80)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +715.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17) +141.79 E(80)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 81 81 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .658(\(the v)144 -84 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.658 E/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) -144.34 96 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.08 E F0 -(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 108 R F1 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F -(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 120 R F23.36 E -F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(When used with)144 +84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(test)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 100.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 100.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +112.8 Q F1(trap)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .682(The command)144 141.6 R F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682 +(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F2(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F2 +(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 153.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F +.658(\(the v)144 165.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 177.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 189.6 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 201.6 R F13.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 132 R F22.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311 -(bers. Each)144 144 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(signal. The)144 213.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 225.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 156 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a) -144 174 R F1(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 -(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F1(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.667(If a)5.667 F F1(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09 -(BU)144 186 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .484(the command) -2.734 F F1(ar)3.314 E(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 .483(simple command) -2.984 F F0(,)A F1(for)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1(case)2.983 E F0 -(command,)2.983 E F1(select)144 198 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .563(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)3.063 E F0 .563 +(names are case insensiti)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666 +(If a)144 255.6 R F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0 +.666(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +.667(If a)5.667 F F2(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09 +(BU)144 267.6 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .484(the command) +2.734 F F2(ar)3.314 E(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .483(simple command) +2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F2(case)2.983 E F0 +(command,)2.983 E F2(select)144 279.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .563(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)3.063 E F0 .563 (command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 -(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 210 R F3 .622 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 291.6 R F3 .622 (SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 -F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F2(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.622(option to the)3.122 F F2(shopt)144 222 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)2.996 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F1(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) -3.306 E F3(RETURN)2.996 E F4(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F1(ar) -144.33 234 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 303.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)2.996 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F2(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) +3.306 E F3(RETURN)2.996 E F4(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F2(ar) +144.33 315.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 -(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F2(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 246 S(cuting.) -.15 E .96(If a)144 264 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F3(ERR)3.46 E F4 -(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(rap).15 G -.961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single simple comma\ -nd\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 276 R -.184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 288 R .451 -(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 327.6 S +(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F3 +(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 357.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +369.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 300 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.888 -E F0(or)2.888 E F2(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(mand list immediately follo)144 381.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F2(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 324 R 1.28 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F2(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 336 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E .132 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 405.6 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 417.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -354 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 -(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 366 R .117 +435.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 447.6 R .117 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 -(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 378 R -(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 -(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0 -(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 394.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 406.8 S -.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 +(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 459.6 R +(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 476.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 488.4 S +.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2 (name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2144 418.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F0 -.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 430.8 Q F0 .086 +F1144 500.4 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 512.4 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 442.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 524.4 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 454.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 536.4 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) -144 466.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 -G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 -E F23.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 478.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506 +144 548.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 +G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 +E F13.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 560.4 R F2(name)2.506 E F0 2.506 (,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name) -2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0 -5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F2 -2.507 E F0(and)144 490.8 Q F23.231 E F0 .731 +2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.417 E F0 +5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F1 +2.507 E F0(and)144 572.4 Q F13.231 E F0 .731 (print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F2144 -502.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F2(type)3.323 E F0 .824 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1144 +584.4 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E F0 .824 (prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824 -(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-) +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-) -5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 -514.8 R F23.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 +596.4 R F13.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 (The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 526.8 R F23.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 +144 608.4 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) -144 538.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) +144 620.4 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) 5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 550.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 567.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255HS)A F0(])A F22.5 E(ulimit)108 579.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 591.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 632.4 Q F1(ulimit)108 649.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HS)A F0(])A F12.5 E(ulimit)108 661.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A +F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 673.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 603.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943 +.944(that allo)144 685.2 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 615.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 697.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 627.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 709.2 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -639.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +721.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 651.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 663.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 -(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 -(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 -(source is printed, unless the)144 675.6 R F23.485 E F0 .984 -(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 -(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 687.6 -R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 -699.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2144 711.6 Q F0 -(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 711.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(81)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(81)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 82 82 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 84 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F1144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 96 Q F1144 108 Q F0 -(The maximum size of a process')180 108 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E -(gment)-.15 E F1144 120 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 120 Q F1144 132 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .742 +(of the special v)144 84 R(alues)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hard)3.242 +E F0(,)A F1(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E +F0 3.241(,w)C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current) +-3.241 F .023(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E 5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.613 +E F0 .023(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 +(source is printed, unless the)144 108 R F13.485 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 +(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 120 R +3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 132 +Q(ws:)-.25 E F1144 144 Q F0 +(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 144 Q F1 +144 156 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 156 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size) +-.25 E F1144 168 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 +168 Q F1144 180 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 180 Q 2.5 +(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 192 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 192 Q F1144 204 Q F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 144 -Q F1144 156 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 156 Q F1 -144 168 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 168 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1144 180 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 180 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 192 Q +204 Q F1144 216 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 216 +Q F1144 228 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 228 Q F1 +144 240 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 240 Q(ed into memory) +-.1 E F1144 252 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 252 Q +2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 264 Q F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 192 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 204 Q F1144 216 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 216 Q F1 -144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 240 Q F1144 252 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 252 Q F1144 264 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 264 Q F1144 276 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 276 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 288 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 288 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 300 -Q F1144 312 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 312 Q F1 -144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 324 Q F1 -144 336 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ -blocking, in microseconds)180 336 Q F1144 348 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)180 348 Q(If)144 364.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 + not allo)180 264 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 276 Q F1144 288 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 288 Q F1 +144 300 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +180 300 Q F1144 312 Q F0 +(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 312 Q F1144 324 Q +F0(The maximum stack size)180 324 Q F1144 336 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 336 Q F1144 348 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 348 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 360 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 360 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 372 +Q F1144 384 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 384 Q F1 +144 396 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 396 Q F1 +144 408 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ +blocking, in microseconds)180 408 Q F1144 420 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)180 420 Q(If)144 436.8 Q F2(limit)3.058 E +F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 +E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468 +(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +(no option is gi)144 448.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 -388.8 R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F +460.8 R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) -3.17 F F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,) -A F1144 400.8 Q F0(,)A F13.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E +A F1144 472.8 Q F0(,)A F13.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.736 E F0(and)3.736 E F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 -(512-byte increments.)144 412.8 R .238 +(512-byte increments.)144 484.8 R .238 (The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 (lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F -(error occurs while setting a ne)144 424.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E -F1(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 +(error occurs while setting a ne)144 496.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E +F1(umask)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 525.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 465.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -477.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 537.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +549.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 561.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 501.6 Q F0 .551 +(mode)144.38 573.6 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 513.6 Q +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 585.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 542.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 602.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 614.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E F13.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) -3.258 F(mo)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +3.258 F(mo)144 626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 571.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 643.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 583.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 655.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 (If the)6.303 F F13.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 595.2 Q F0 .465 +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 667.2 Q F0 .465 (refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 607.2 R F1 +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 679.2 R F1 2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 .269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) -2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 619.2 R F12.904 E +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 691.2 R F12.904 E F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) 2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 (attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F -.719(rather than the v)144 631.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +.719(rather than the v)144 703.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1 3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 -(are supplied, each)144 643.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) +(are supplied, each)144 715.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) 3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 (ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 -655.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F +727.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F 1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 667.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 -(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) -.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 679.2 S -(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 --.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) -144 691.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 -E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -703.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) -4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G -1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 715.2 Q(The e)5 E -(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 December 26)136.795 E(82)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 E(82)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 83 83 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(wait)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 96 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its \ -termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658 -(may be a process)3.928 F .008 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; 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F2(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E<83>108 -297.6 Q(specifying the)144 297.6 Q F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E -F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 314.4 Q -(turning of)144 314.4 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1 -(set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(shopt -u r)2.5 E(estricted_shell)-.18 E F0 -(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 331.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +350.4 Q(specifying the)144 350.4 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E +F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 367.2 Q +(turning of)144 367.2 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F2 +(set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(shopt -u r)2.5 E(estricted_shell)-.18 E F0 +(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 384 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 -(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 348 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F2 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0 -(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 360 Q F0(turns of)2.5 -E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E -(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 376.8 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer) -108 388.8 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E -(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F5(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 400.8 Q +(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 400.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0 +(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F2(rbash)108 412.8 Q F0(turns of) +2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 +E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 +429.6 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 441.6 Q(ence Manual)-.37 +E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F5 +(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 453.6 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E +(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F5(The Gnu History Libr)108 465.6 Q (ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E -F5(The Gnu History Libr)108 412.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E -(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F5 -.8(Po)108 424.8 S(rtable Oper).8 E +F5 -.8(Po)108 477.6 S(rtable Oper).8 E (ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities) --.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 436.8 Q -(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 448.8 Q +-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 489.6 Q +(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 501.6 Q (.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode)-.65 E F5(sh) -108 460.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F5(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F5(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A -F5(emacs)108 472.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F5(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F5 -.37(re)108 -484.8 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F4(FILES)72 501.6 Q F5(/bin/bash)109.666 -513.6 Q F0(The)144 525.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E -F5(/etc/pr)109.666 537.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 -(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 549.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted for login shells).15 E F5(~/.bash_pr)109.666 561.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 -E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 573.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted for login shells).15 E F5(~/.bashr)109.666 585.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(The indi)144 597.6 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(-shell startup \214le).15 E F5(~/.bash_lo)109.666 609.6 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 -(The indi)144 621.6 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 +108 513.6 Q F0(\(1\),)A F5(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F5(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A +F5(emacs)108 525.6 Q F0(\(1\),)A F5(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F5 -.37(re)108 +537.6 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F1(FILES)72 554.4 Q F5(/bin/bash)109.666 +566.4 Q F0(The)144 578.4 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E +F5(/etc/pr)109.666 590.4 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 602.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F5(~/.bash_pr)109.666 614.4 Q(o\214le)-.45 +E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 626.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F5(~/.bashr)109.666 638.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(The indi)144 650.4 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(-shell startup \214le).15 E F5(~/.bash_lo)109.666 662.4 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 +(The indi)144 674.4 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F5 -(~/.bash_history)109.666 633.6 Q F0(The def)144 645.6 Q(ault v)-.1 E -(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(~/.bash_history)109.666 686.4 Q F0(The def)144 698.4 Q(ault v)-.1 E +(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he \214le in which bash sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he command history)-2.5 E F5(~/.inputr)109.666 657.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(Indi)144 669.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F5 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0 -(initialization \214le)2.5 E F4 -.548(AU)72 686.4 S(THORS).548 E F0 -(Brian F)108 698.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E -(bfox@gnu.or)108 710.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 727.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C) --.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsity).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26)136.795 E(85) -185.955 E 0 Cg EP +(he command history)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 +E(85)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 86 86 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(chet.rame)108 84 Q -(y@case.edu)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 100.8 S 2.738(GR) -.11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568(If you \214nd a b)108 112.8 R -.568(ug in)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 -(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F -3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 124.8 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 -F F2(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.inputr)109.666 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 96 Q +(vidual)-.25 E F1 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le) +2.5 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.548(AU)72 112.8 S(THORS).548 E F0 +(Brian F)108 124.8 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E +(bfox@gnu.or)108 136.8 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 153.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C) +-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 165.6 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F2 -.11(BU)72 +182.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 +(If you \214nd a b)108 194.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568(you should report it.)3.068 F .568 +(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568 +(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 F 5.625 +(that it appears in the latest v)108 206.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F F3 +(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 -(ilable from).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 136.8 Q -(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E +(ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 218.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 +E F0(and)2.5 E F1(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E (g/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master)-.37 E(.tar)-1.11 E(.gz)-1.11 E F0 -(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 153.6 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 +(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 235.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 (etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F3(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 -(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 165.6 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) +-.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 +(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 247.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) -.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 (Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F -(be mailed to)108 177.6 Q F3 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 194.4 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) -108 211.2 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 223.2 -Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 235.2 -Q 2.5(Ad)108 247.2 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 -E 2.5(As)108 259.2 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F3(bashb)108.27 276 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(be mailed to)108 259.2 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 276 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 +292.8 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 304.8 Q +(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 316.8 Q +2.5(Ad)108 328.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E +2.5(As)108 340.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 357.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -292.8 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F3 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E F1 -.11(BU)72 309.6 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 321.6 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +374.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 391.2 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 403.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G (oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 -(There are some subtle dif)108 338.4 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F2 +(There are some subtle dif)108 420 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F3 (bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 350.4 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E -(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 367.2 Q(Shell b)108 384 Q +F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 432 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 448.8 Q(Shell b)108 465.6 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 400.8 R .39 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 412.8 R .389 +re not handled gracefully when)108 482.4 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 494.4 R .389 (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 424.8 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +(mand in the sequence.)108 506.4 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 436.8 Q(Array v)108 -453.6 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 470.4 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 December 26) -136.795 E(86)185.955 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 518.4 Q(Array v)108 +535.2 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 552 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 January 17)141.79 +E(86)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashbug.0 b/doc/bashbug.0 index 373c47b1..58f08de2 100644 --- a/doc/bashbug.0 +++ b/doc/bashbug.0 @@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS -GNU Bash 5.1 2020 August 1 BASHBUG(1) +GNU Bash 5.2 2020 August 1 BASHBUG(1) diff --git a/doc/bashbug.ps b/doc/bashbug.ps index 9c60a331..55fe45ce 100644 --- a/doc/bashbug.ps +++ b/doc/bashbug.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Fri Aug 7 11:58:10 2020 +%%CreationDate: Tue Jan 11 16:04:43 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ F2(EDIT)108 300 Q(OR)-.18 E F0 .327(Speci\214es the preferred editor)144 (are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 463.2 Q(g)-.18 E (Chet Rame)108 480 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@po.cwru.edu) -108 492 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2020 August 1)145.395 E(1)199.555 E 0 Cg +108 492 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2020 August 1)145.395 E(1)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 73d908f6..8e9fe120 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -99,18 +99,18 @@ @xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{26} @xrdef{Command Substitution-title}{Command Substitution} @xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4} -@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{33} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5} @xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution} @xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6} -@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} -@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} +@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{34} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{34} @xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{34} -@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{34} +@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} +@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8} +@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{35} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{35} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1} @@ -135,16 +135,16 @@ @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{42} @xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment} @xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4} -@xrdef{Environment-pg}{43} @xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status} @xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5} @xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals} @xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6} +@xrdef{Environment-pg}{44} @xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{44} -@xrdef{Signals-pg}{44} @xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts} @xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8} -@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{45} +@xrdef{Signals-pg}{45} +@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{46} @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4} @xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-title}{Bourne Shell Builtins} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index 9b1e73b7..5c5cedc0 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ \entry{expansion, tilde}{25}{expansion, tilde} \entry{parameter expansion}{26}{parameter expansion} \entry{expansion, parameter}{26}{expansion, parameter} -\entry{command substitution}{33}{command substitution} +\entry{command substitution}{34}{command substitution} \entry{expansion, arithmetic}{34}{expansion, arithmetic} \entry{arithmetic expansion}{34}{arithmetic expansion} \entry{process substitution}{34}{process substitution} -\entry{word splitting}{34}{word splitting} +\entry{word splitting}{35}{word splitting} \entry{expansion, filename}{35}{expansion, filename} \entry{expansion, pathname}{35}{expansion, pathname} \entry{filename expansion}{35}{filename expansion} @@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ \entry{command execution}{42}{command execution} \entry{command search}{42}{command search} \entry{execution environment}{42}{execution environment} -\entry{environment}{43}{environment} +\entry{environment}{44}{environment} \entry{exit status}{44}{exit status} -\entry{signal handling}{44}{signal handling} -\entry{shell script}{45}{shell script} +\entry{signal handling}{45}{signal handling} +\entry{shell script}{46}{shell script} \entry{special builtin}{76}{special builtin} \entry{login shell}{92}{login shell} \entry{interactive shell}{92}{interactive shell} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index aaefc36b..52e33d99 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ \entry{command expansion}{41} \entry{command history}{151} \entry{command search}{42} -\entry{command substitution}{33} +\entry{command substitution}{34} \entry{command timing}{10} \entry{commands, compound}{11} \entry{commands, conditional}{12} @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ \entry{directory stack}{101} \initial {E} \entry{editing command lines}{117} -\entry{environment}{43} +\entry{environment}{44} \entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{97} \entry{event designators}{154} \entry{execution environment}{42} @@ -118,11 +118,11 @@ \initial {S} \entry{shell arithmetic}{97} \entry{shell function}{19} -\entry{shell script}{45} +\entry{shell script}{46} \entry{shell variable}{21} \entry{shell, interactive}{93} \entry{signal}{4} -\entry{signal handling}{44} +\entry{signal handling}{45} \entry{special builtin}{4, 76} \entry{startup files}{92} \entry{string translations}{7} @@ -136,6 +136,6 @@ \entry{variables, readline}{120} \initial {W} \entry{word}{4} -\entry{word splitting}{34} +\entry{word splitting}{35} \initial {Y} \entry{yanking text}{118} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index 94e70660..ff55d88b 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 8fd873fa..27eda789 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@