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documentation updates; test suite updates to reduce extraneous diff output; don't export BASHOPTS into running tests

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Chet Ramey
2025-01-09 16:13:16 -05:00
parent 5114e17172
commit 2ea356081d
35 changed files with 4139 additions and 3415 deletions
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doc/bashref.info
+305 -273
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@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024).
Bash shell (version 5.3, 8 January 2025).
This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
This is Edition 5.3, last updated 8 January 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Copyright © 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright © 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024). The Bash home page is
Bash shell (version 5.3, 8 January 2025). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
This is Edition 5.3, last updated 8 January 2025, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it remains so
function returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the
variable at a previous scope becomes visible. If the unset acts on a
variable at a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name
that had been shadowed will become visible (see below how the
that had been shadowed becomes visible (see below how the
‘localvar_unset’ shell option changes this behavior).
The ‘-f’ option to the ‘declare’ (‘typeset’) builtin command (*note
@@ -1551,6 +1551,10 @@ array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the ‘-n’ option to the
is executed with the name of a nameref variable as an argument, the
variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
variable from each environment variable that has a valid name, as
described below (*note Environment::).

File: bashref.info, Node: Positional Parameters, Next: Special Parameters, Up: Shell Parameters
@@ -1740,7 +1744,7 @@ to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
A { or ‘,’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being
A ‘{’ or ‘,’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being
considered part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with
parameter expansion, the string ‘${’ is not considered eligible for
brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing ‘}’.
@@ -1751,6 +1755,16 @@ of the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example:
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
versions of ‘sh’. ‘sh’ does not treat opening or closing braces
specially when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the
output. Bash removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
expansion. For example, a word entered to ‘sh’ as ‘file{1,2}’ appears
identically in the output. Bash outputs that word as ‘file1 file2’
after brace expansion. Start Bash with the ‘+B’ option or disable brace
expansion with the ‘+B’ option to the ‘set’ command (*note Shell Builtin
Commands::) for strict ‘sh’ compatibility.

File: bashref.info, Node: Tilde Expansion, Next: Shell Parameter Expansion, Prev: Brace Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
@@ -2378,7 +2392,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Arithmetic Expansion, Next: Process Substitution, P
3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion
--------------------------
Arithmetic expansion evalutes an arithmetic expression and substitutes
Arithmetic expansion evaluates an arithmetic expression and substitutes
the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
$(( EXPRESSION ))
@@ -2531,9 +2545,9 @@ patterns in ‘GLOBIGNORE’. The ‘dotglob’ option is disabled when
‘GLOBIGNORE’ is unset. The ‘GLOBIGNORE’ pattern matching honors the
setting of the ‘extglob’ shell option.
After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the
value of the ‘GLOBSORT’ shell variable controls how the results are
sorted, as described below (*note Bash Variables::).
The value of the ‘GLOBSORT’ shell variable controls how the results
of pathname expansion are sorted, as described below (*note Bash
Variables::).

File: bashref.info, Node: Pattern Matching, Up: Filename Expansion
@@ -2765,11 +2779,12 @@ created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
[N]>[|]WORD
If the redirection operator is ‘>’, and the ‘noclobber’ option to the
‘set’ builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file whose
name results from the expansion of WORD exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is ‘>|’, or the redirection operator is ‘>’
and the ‘noclobber’ option is not enabled, Bash attemps the redirection
even if the file named by WORD exists.
‘set’ builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the
file whose name results from the expansion of WORD exists and is a
regular file. If the redirection operator is ‘>|’, or the redirection
operator is ‘>’ and the ‘noclobber’ option to the ‘set’ builtin is not
enabled, Bash attempts the redirection even if the file named by WORD
exists.
3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output
---------------------------------
@@ -3839,7 +3854,7 @@ standard.
The ACTION is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives any of the signals SIGSPEC. If ACTION is absent (and
there is a single SIGSPEC) or equal to ‘-’, each specified
SIGSPEC'ss disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell
SIGSPEC's disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell
was started. If ACTION is the null string, then the signal
specified by each SIGSPEC is ignored by the shell and commands it
invokes.
@@ -4054,7 +4069,7 @@ standard.
optional, and Readline does not expand the command string
before saving it. Since the entire key binding expression
must be a single argument, it should be enclosed in single
quotes. When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets thex
quotes. When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets the
‘READLINE_LINE’ variable to the contents of the Readline line
buffer and the ‘READLINE_POINT’ and ‘READLINE_MARK’ variables
to the current location of the insertion point and the saved
@@ -4306,7 +4321,8 @@ standard.
‘BASH_LOADABLES_PATH’ is system-dependent, and may include "." to
force a search of the current directory. The ‘-d’ option will
delete a builtin loaded with ‘-f’. If ‘-s’ is used with ‘-f’, the
new builtin becomes a special builtin (*note Special Builtins::).
new builtin becomes a POSIX special builtin (*note Special
Builtins::).
If no options are supplied and a NAME is not a shell builtin,
‘enable’ will attempt to load NAME from a shared object named NAME,
@@ -4320,8 +4336,8 @@ standard.
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is
specified, ‘help’ gives detailed help on all commands matching
PATTERN, otherwise it displays a list of all builtins and shell
compound commands.
PATTERN as described below; otherwise it displays a list of all
builtins and shell compound commands.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
@@ -4333,6 +4349,15 @@ standard.
‘-s’
Display only a short usage synopsis for each PATTERN
If PATTERN contains pattern matching characters (*note Pattern
Matching::) it's treated as a shell pattern and ‘help’ prints the
description of each help topic matching PATTERN.
If not, and PATTERN exactly matches the name of a help topic,
‘help’ prints the description associated with that topic.
Otherwise, ‘help’ performs prefix matching and prints the
descriptions of all matching help topics.
The return status is zero unless no command matches PATTERN.
‘let’
@@ -4759,7 +4784,7 @@ standard.
Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for ‘-t’, which is in
seconds; ‘-R’, which is in microseconds; ‘-p’, which is in units of
512-byte blocks; ‘-P’, ‘-T’, ‘-b’, ‘-k’, ‘-n’ and ‘-u’, which are
unscaled values; and, when in POSIX Mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::),
unscaled values; and, when in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::),
‘-c’ and ‘-f’, which are in 512-byte increments.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is
@@ -4958,10 +4983,11 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
successfully. This option is disabled by default.
‘posix’
Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation
differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard
(*note Bash POSIX Mode::). This is intended to make Bash
behave as a strict superset of that standard.
Enable POSIX mode; change the behavior of Bash where the
default operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (*note Bash POSIX Mode::). This is
intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
standard.
‘privileged’
Same as ‘-p’.
@@ -5879,7 +5905,7 @@ Variables::).
‘ENV’
Expanded and executed similarly to ‘BASH_ENV’ (*note Bash Startup
Files::) when an interactive shell is invoked in POSIX Mode (*note
Files::) when an interactive shell is invoked in POSIX mode (*note
Bash POSIX Mode::).
‘EPOCHREALTIME’
@@ -6000,15 +6026,16 @@ Variables::).
substitution, and tokenization (*note History Interaction::). The
first character is the “history expansion” character, the character
which begins a history expansion, normally ‘!’. The second
character is the "quick substitution" character, normally ‘^’.
character is the “quick substitution” character, normally ‘^’.
When it appears as the first character on the line, history
substitution repeats the previous command, replacing one string
with another. The optional third character is the character which
indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
the first character of a word, usually ‘#’. The history comment
character disables history substitution for the remaining words on
the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat
the rest of the line as a comment.
with another. The optional third character is the “history
comment” character, normally ‘#’, which indicates that the
remainder of the line is a comment when it appears as the first
character of a word. The history comment character disables
history substitution for the remaining words on the line. It does
not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
line as a comment.
‘HISTCMD’
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
@@ -6308,7 +6335,8 @@ Variables::).
‘SHELLOPTS’ are those reported as ‘on’ by ‘set -o’. If this
variable is in the environment when Bash starts up, the shell
enables each option in the list before reading any startup files.
This variable is readonly.
If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
in the list. This variable is readonly.
‘SHLVL’
Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started.
@@ -6469,10 +6497,11 @@ single-character options to be recognized.
shell. This is on by default if the shell is invoked as ‘sh’.
‘--posix’
Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This is intended to
make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. *Note Bash
POSIX Mode::, for a description of the Bash POSIX mode.
Enable POSIX mode; change the behavior of Bash where the default
operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard.
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
standard. *Note Bash POSIX Mode::, for a description of the Bash
POSIX mode.
‘--restricted’
Equivalent to ‘-r’. Make the shell a restricted shell (*note The
@@ -6543,23 +6572,25 @@ invocation which are not available with the ‘set’ builtin.
‘-’
Equivalent to ‘--’.
A _login_ shell is one whose first character of argument zero is ‘-’,
A “login shell” is one whose first character of argument zero is ‘-’,
or one invoked with the ‘--login’ option.
An _interactive_ shell is one started without non-option arguments,
An “interactive shell” is one started without non-option arguments,
unless ‘-s’ is specified, without specifying the ‘-c’ option, and whose
input and output (using the standard error) are both connected to
terminals (as determined by ‘isatty(3)’), or one started with the ‘-i’
option. *Note Interactive Shells::, for more information.
standard input and standard error are both connected to terminals (as
determined by isatty(3)), or one started with the ‘-i’ option. *Note
Interactive Shells::, for more information.
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the ‘-c’ nor
the ‘-s’ option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be
the name of a file containing shell commands (*note Shell Scripts::).
When Bash is invoked in this fashion, ‘$0’ is set to the name of the
file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments.
Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's
exit status is the exit status of the last command executed in the
script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
the ‘-s’ option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as the
name of a file containing shell commands (*note Shell Scripts::). When
Bash is invoked in this fashion, ‘$0’ is set to the name of the file,
and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. Bash
reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's exit
status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script.
If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0. Bash first attempts
to open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found,
searches the directories in ‘PATH’ for the script.

File: bashref.info, Node: Bash Startup Files, Next: Interactive Shells, Prev: Invoking Bash, Up: Bash Features
@@ -7156,7 +7187,7 @@ to using the syntax
The SUBSCRIPT is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate
to a number greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an
array, use
indexed array, use
declare -a NAME
(*note Bash Builtins::). The syntax
declare -a NAME[SUBSCRIPT]
@@ -7591,7 +7622,7 @@ editing commands were left out due to objections.
Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification,
there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the
specification. The Bash “posix mode” changes the Bash behavior in these
areas so that it conforms more closely to the standard.
areas so that it conforms more strictly to the standard.
Starting Bash with the ‘--posix’ command-line option or executing
‘set -o posix’ while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
@@ -7601,7 +7632,7 @@ specified by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
startup files.
The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect:
The following list is what's changed when POSIX mode is in effect:
1. Bash ensures that the ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ variable is set.
@@ -7984,10 +8015,10 @@ required for bash-5.1 and later versions.
collation sequence and strcoll(3).
‘compat41’
• In posix mode, ‘time’ may be followed by options and still be
• In POSIX mode, ‘time’ may be followed by options and still be
recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpretation
267).
• In posix mode, the parser requires that an even number of
• In POSIX mode, the parser requires that an even number of
single quotes occur in the WORD portion of a double-quoted
${...} parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that
characters within the single quotes are considered quoted
@@ -7997,7 +8028,7 @@ required for bash-5.1 and later versions.
• The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitution
does not undergo quote removal, as it does in versions after
bash-4.2.
• In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
• In POSIX mode, single quotes are considered special when
expanding the WORD portion of a double-quoted ${...} parameter
expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other
special character (this is part of POSIX interpretation 221);
@@ -8006,7 +8037,7 @@ required for bash-5.1 and later versions.
‘compat43’
• Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors that
cause the current command to fail, even in posix mode (the
cause the current command to fail, even in POSIX mode (the
default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the
shell to exit).
• When executing a shell function, the loop state
@@ -8025,7 +8056,7 @@ required for bash-5.1 and later versions.
• Variable assignments preceding builtins like ‘export’ and
‘readonly’ that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode.
shell is not in POSIX mode.
‘compat50 (set using BASH_COMPAT)’
• Bash-5.1 changed the way ‘$RANDOM’ is generated to introduce
@@ -8948,9 +8979,9 @@ Variable Settings
list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are
deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less
than zero, the number of history entries is not limited. By
default, Bash sets the the maximum number of history entries
to the value of the ‘HISTSIZE’ shell variable. If you try to
set HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of
default, Bash sets the maximum number of history entries to
the value of the ‘HISTSIZE’ shell variable. If you try to set
HISTORY-SIZE to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of
history entries will be set to 500.
‘horizontal-scroll-mode’
@@ -9230,7 +9261,7 @@ Key Bindings
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be
used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to
be a function name. Tthe backslash escapes described above are
be a function name. The backslash escapes described above are
expanded in the macro body. Backslash will quote any other
character in the macro text, including ‘"’ and ‘'’. For example,
the following binding will make ‘‘C-x’ \’ insert a single ‘\’ into
@@ -9337,7 +9368,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Sample Init File, Prev: Conditional Init Constructs,
Here is an example of an INPUTRC file. This illustrates key binding,
variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
# This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
# This file controls the behavior of line input editing for
# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
#
@@ -10113,8 +10144,9 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up:
Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This performs
alias and history expansion, $'STRING' and $"STRING" quoting, tilde
expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
command and proces substitution, word splitting, and quote removal.
An explicit argument suppresses command and process substitution.
command and process substitution, word splitting, and quote
removal. An explicit argument suppresses command and process
substitution.
‘history-expand-line (M-^)’
Perform history expansion on the current line.
@@ -11782,7 +11814,7 @@ fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well! Suggestions and
• The version number of Bash.
• The hardware and operating system.
• The compiler used to compile Bash.
• A description of the bug behaviour.
• A description of the bug behavior.
• A short script or 'recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
to reproduce it.
@@ -12781,26 +12813,26 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 179)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 231)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 374)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 375)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 59)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 28)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 61)
* let: Bash Builtins. (line 394)
* local: Bash Builtins. (line 403)
* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 428)
* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 433)
* let: Bash Builtins. (line 404)
* local: Bash Builtins. (line 413)
* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 438)
* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 443)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 478)
* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 488)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 70)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 263)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 548)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 659)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 558)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 669)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 275)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -12809,7 +12841,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 325)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 668)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 678)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 139)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -12820,12 +12852,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
(line 444)
* true: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 510)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 673)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 710)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 716)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 683)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 720)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 726)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 515)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 824)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 834)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 533)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
@@ -13000,55 +13032,55 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 376)
* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 414)
* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 420)
* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 435)
* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 441)
* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 459)
* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 465)
* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 476)
* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 436)
* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 442)
* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 460)
* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 466)
* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 477)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 234)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 240)
* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 500)
* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 507)
* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 501)
* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 508)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 250)
* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 516)
* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 527)
* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 530)
* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 517)
* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 528)
* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 531)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 533)
* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 534)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 258)
* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 542)
* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 546)
* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 543)
* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 547)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 269)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 276)
* LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 552)
* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 556)
* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 560)
* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 567)
* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 553)
* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 557)
* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 561)
* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 568)
* LC_MESSAGES: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 572)
* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 576)
* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 580)
* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 584)
* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 591)
* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 597)
* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 573)
* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 577)
* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 581)
* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 585)
* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 592)
* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 598)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 24)
* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 601)
* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 602)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 29)
* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 609)
* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 610)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 306)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
@@ -13059,46 +13091,46 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 323)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 258)
* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 613)
* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 614)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 36)
* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 616)
* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 617)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 40)
* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 621)
* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 622)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 328)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 337)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 44)
* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 624)
* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 634)
* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 644)
* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 648)
* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 654)
* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 660)
* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 625)
* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 635)
* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 645)
* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 649)
* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 655)
* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 661)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 58)
* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 665)
* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 670)
* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 678)
* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 681)
* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 689)
* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 693)
* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 697)
* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 703)
* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 707)
* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 666)
* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 671)
* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 679)
* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 682)
* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 690)
* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 694)
* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 698)
* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 704)
* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 708)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 350)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 357)
* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 711)
* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 721)
* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 726)
* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 735)
* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 712)
* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 722)
* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 727)
* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 737)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 362)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
@@ -13107,15 +13139,15 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
(line 377)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 383)
* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 740)
* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 742)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 749)
* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 788)
* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 800)
* UID: Bash Variables. (line 804)
* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 751)
* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 790)
* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 802)
* UID: Bash Variables. (line 806)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 396)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
@@ -13137,7 +13169,7 @@ D.4 Function Index
* accept-line (Newline or Return): Commands For History.
(line 6)
* alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 133)
(line 134)
* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. (line 18)
* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 18)
* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing.
@@ -13186,7 +13218,7 @@ D.4 Function Index
(line 50)
* digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments. (line 6)
* display-shell-version (C-x C-v): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 147)
(line 148)
* do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 14)
* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 69)
@@ -13199,7 +13231,7 @@ D.4 Function Index
* dynamic-complete-history (M-<TAB>): Commands For Completion.
(line 115)
* edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 142)
(line 143)
* end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros. (line 9)
* end-of-file (usually C-d): Commands For Text. (line 6)
* end-of-history (M->): Commands For History.
@@ -13225,9 +13257,9 @@ D.4 Function Index
* glob-list-expansions (C-x g): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 114)
* history-and-alias-expand-line (): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 136)
(line 137)
* history-expand-line (M-^): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 126)
(line 127)
* history-search-backward (): Commands For History.
(line 53)
* history-search-forward (): Commands For History.
@@ -13241,7 +13273,7 @@ D.4 Function Index
* insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion.
(line 24)
* insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 139)
(line 140)
* kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing.
(line 6)
* kill-region (): Commands For Killing.
@@ -13251,7 +13283,7 @@ D.4 Function Index
* kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing.
(line 23)
* magic-space (): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 129)
(line 130)
* menu-complete (): Commands For Completion.
(line 28)
* menu-complete-backward (): Commands For Completion.
@@ -13431,7 +13463,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
(line 6)
* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 136)
* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 137)
* interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
* internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* internationalized scripts: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
@@ -13444,7 +13476,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 6)
* localization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 133)
* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 134)
* matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 50)
* name: Definitions. (line 55)
@@ -13510,138 +13542,138 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
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Node: Introduction2848
Node: What is Bash?3064
Node: What is a shell?4200
Node: Definitions6813
Node: Basic Shell Features10143
Node: Shell Syntax11370
Node: Shell Operation12400
Node: Quoting13694
Node: Escape Character15035
Node: Single Quotes15573
Node: Double Quotes15925
Node: ANSI-C Quoting17273
Node: Locale Translation18670
Node: Creating Internationalized Scripts20076
Node: Comments24277
Node: Shell Commands25047
Node: Reserved Words25989
Node: Simple Commands26857
Node: Pipelines27522
Node: Lists30781
Node: Compound Commands32656
Node: Looping Constructs33668
Node: Conditional Constructs36190
Node: Command Grouping51129
Node: Coprocesses52624
Node: GNU Parallel55313
Node: Shell Functions56234
Node: Shell Parameters64689
Node: Positional Parameters69417
Node: Special Parameters70510
Node: Shell Expansions73974
Node: Brace Expansion76166
Node: Tilde Expansion78870
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion81828
Node: Command Substitution101591
Node: Arithmetic Expansion105123
Node: Process Substitution106139
Node: Word Splitting107250
Node: Filename Expansion109697
Node: Pattern Matching112963
Node: Quote Removal118689
Node: Redirections118996
Node: Executing Commands129227
Node: Simple Command Expansion129897
Node: Command Search and Execution132008
Node: Command Execution Environment134455
Node: Environment137906
Node: Exit Status139812
Node: Signals141873
Node: Shell Scripts146805
Node: Shell Builtin Commands150106
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins152220
Node: Bash Builtins178788
Node: Modifying Shell Behavior215239
Node: The Set Builtin215584
Node: The Shopt Builtin227541
Node: Special Builtins244596
Node: Shell Variables245588
Node: Bourne Shell Variables246025
Node: Bash Variables248536
Node: Bash Features287234
Node: Invoking Bash288251
Node: Bash Startup Files294680
Node: Interactive Shells299925
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?300336
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?301001
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior301828
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Node: Shell Arithmetic310806
Node: Aliases314138
Node: Arrays317275
Node: The Directory Stack324362
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Node: Shell Compatibility Mode353448
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Node: Job Control Variables375884
Node: Command Line Editing377118
Node: Introduction and Notation378824
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Node: Readline Bare Essentials382370
Node: Readline Movement Commands384181
Node: Readline Killing Commands385180
Node: Readline Arguments387206
Node: Searching388266
Node: Readline Init File390512
Node: Readline Init File Syntax391818
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Node: Sample Init File423039
Node: Bindable Readline Commands426163
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Node: Keyboard Macros449241
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Node: Programmable Completion457488
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins466228
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Node: Bash History Facilities484000
Node: Bash History Builtins487738
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Node: Word Designators500746
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Node: Installing Bash504993
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Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures510744
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Node: Specifying the System Type514737
Node: Sharing Defaults515486
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Node: GNU Free Documentation License552392
Node: Indexes577572
Node: Builtin Index578026
Node: Reserved Word Index585127
Node: Variable Index587575
Node: Function Index604991
Node: Concept Index618989
Node: Top900
Node: Introduction2840
Node: What is Bash?3056
Node: What is a shell?4192
Node: Definitions6805
Node: Basic Shell Features10135
Node: Shell Syntax11362
Node: Shell Operation12392
Node: Quoting13686
Node: Escape Character15027
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Node: Double Quotes15917
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Node: Looping Constructs33660
Node: Conditional Constructs36182
Node: Command Grouping51121
Node: Coprocesses52616
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Node: Shell Parameters64677
Node: Positional Parameters69582
Node: Special Parameters70675
Node: Shell Expansions74139
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Node: Tilde Expansion79680
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion82638
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Node: Arithmetic Expansion105933
Node: Process Substitution106950
Node: Word Splitting108061
Node: Filename Expansion110508
Node: Pattern Matching113735
Node: Quote Removal119461
Node: Redirections119768
Node: Executing Commands130034
Node: Simple Command Expansion130704
Node: Command Search and Execution132815
Node: Command Execution Environment135262
Node: Environment138713
Node: Exit Status140619
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Node: Shell Scripts147612
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Node: Bourne Shell Builtins153027
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Node: The Set Builtin216866
Node: The Shopt Builtin228857
Node: Special Builtins245912
Node: Shell Variables246904
Node: Bourne Shell Variables247341
Node: Bash Variables249852
Node: Bash Features288674
Node: Invoking Bash289691
Node: Bash Startup Files296278
Node: Interactive Shells301523
Node: What is an Interactive Shell?301934
Node: Is this Shell Interactive?302599
Node: Interactive Shell Behavior303426
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions307190
Node: Shell Arithmetic312404
Node: Aliases315736
Node: Arrays318873
Node: The Directory Stack325968
Node: Directory Stack Builtins326768
Node: Controlling the Prompt331216
Node: The Restricted Shell334104
Node: Bash POSIX Mode336989
Node: Shell Compatibility Mode355053
Node: Job Control364063
Node: Job Control Basics364523
Node: Job Control Builtins370804
Node: Job Control Variables377489
Node: Command Line Editing378723
Node: Introduction and Notation380429
Node: Readline Interaction382784
Node: Readline Bare Essentials383975
Node: Readline Movement Commands385786
Node: Readline Killing Commands386785
Node: Readline Arguments388811
Node: Searching389871
Node: Readline Init File392117
Node: Readline Init File Syntax393423
Node: Conditional Init Constructs420251
Node: Sample Init File424639
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Node: Keyboard Macros450840
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Node: Readline vi Mode458114
Node: Programmable Completion459094
Node: Programmable Completion Builtins467834
Node: A Programmable Completion Example479574
Node: Using History Interactively484922
Node: Bash History Facilities485606
Node: Bash History Builtins489344
Node: History Interaction495818
Node: Event Designators500771
Node: Word Designators502352
Node: Modifiers504659
Node: Installing Bash506599
Node: Basic Installation507718
Node: Compilers and Options511597
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures512350
Node: Installation Names514106
Node: Specifying the System Type516343
Node: Sharing Defaults517092
Node: Operation Controls517809
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Node: Reporting Bugs531214
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell532574
Node: GNU Free Documentation License553997
Node: Indexes579177
Node: Builtin Index579631
Node: Reserved Word Index586732
Node: Variable Index589180
Node: Function Index606596
Node: Concept Index620594

End Tag Table