mirror of
https://https.git.savannah.gnu.org/git/bash.git
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documentation updates; test suite updates to reduce extraneous diff output; don't export BASHOPTS into running tests
This commit is contained in:
Chet Ramey
+252
-131
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|
||||
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
|
||||
the Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024).
|
||||
the Bash shell (version 5.3, 8 January 2025).
|
||||
|
||||
This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024,
|
||||
This is Edition 5.3, last updated 8 January 2025,
|
||||
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
|
||||
for Bash, Version 5.3.
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright © 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
Copyright © 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
|
||||
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Previou
|
||||
<h1 class="top" id="Bash-Features-1"><span>Bash Features<a class="copiable-link" href="#Bash-Features-1"> ¶</a></span></h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
|
||||
the Bash shell (version 5.3, 12 December 2024).
|
||||
the Bash shell (version 5.3, 8 January 2025).
|
||||
The Bash home page is <a class="url" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>This is Edition 5.3, last updated 12 December 2024,
|
||||
<p>This is Edition 5.3, last updated 8 January 2025,
|
||||
of <cite class="cite">The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
|
||||
for <code class="code">Bash</code>, Version 5.3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
@@ -2072,7 +2072,7 @@ until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns.
|
||||
Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous
|
||||
scope becomes visible.
|
||||
If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a
|
||||
variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible
|
||||
variable with that name that had been shadowed becomes visible
|
||||
(see below how the <code class="code">localvar_unset</code> shell option changes this behavior).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>The <samp class="option">-f</samp> option to the <code class="code">declare</code> (<code class="code">typeset</code>)
|
||||
@@ -2150,23 +2150,26 @@ For example,
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
|
||||
to a shell variable or array index (see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>),
|
||||
the ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ operator appends to or adds to
|
||||
to a shell variable or array index (see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>), the
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ operator appends to or adds to
|
||||
the variable’s previous value.
|
||||
This includes arguments to declaration commands such as
|
||||
<code class="code">declare</code> that accept assignment statements.
|
||||
When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ is applied to a variable
|
||||
for which the <code class="code">integer</code> attribute has been set,
|
||||
<code class="code">declare</code>
|
||||
that accept assignment statements.
|
||||
When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’
|
||||
is applied to a variable for which the
|
||||
<code class="code">integer</code> attribute has been set,
|
||||
the variable’s current value and <var class="var">value</var> are each evaluated as
|
||||
arithmetic expressions,
|
||||
and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable’s value.
|
||||
The current value is usually an integer constant, but may be an expression.
|
||||
When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
|
||||
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>), the
|
||||
variable’s value is not unset (as it is when using ‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’), and new
|
||||
values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array’s
|
||||
maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
|
||||
in an associative array.
|
||||
When ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’
|
||||
is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see <a class="pxref" href="#Arrays">Arrays</a>),
|
||||
the variable’s value is not unset
|
||||
(as it is when using ‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’),
|
||||
and new values are appended to the array
|
||||
beginning at one greater than the array’s maximum index (for indexed arrays),
|
||||
or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
|
||||
When applied to a string-valued variable, <var class="var">value</var> is expanded and
|
||||
appended to the variable’s value.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
@@ -2205,6 +2208,10 @@ Namerefs can be unset using the <samp class="option">-n</samp> option to the <co
|
||||
Otherwise, if <code class="code">unset</code> is executed with the name of a nameref variable
|
||||
as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable is unset.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>When the shell starts, it reads its environment and creates a shell
|
||||
variable from each environment variable that has a valid name,
|
||||
as described below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Environment">Environment</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<ul class="mini-toc">
|
||||
<li><a href="#Positional-Parameters" accesskey="1">Positional Parameters</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#Special-Parameters" accesskey="2">Special Parameters</a></li>
|
||||
@@ -2425,12 +2432,13 @@ This mechanism is similar to
|
||||
<em class="dfn">filename expansion</em> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Filename-Expansion">Filename Expansion</a>),
|
||||
but the filenames generated need not exist.
|
||||
Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional <var class="var">preamble</var>,
|
||||
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression
|
||||
between a pair of braces,
|
||||
followed by an optional <var class="var">postscript</var>.
|
||||
The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
|
||||
the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left
|
||||
to right.
|
||||
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
|
||||
a sequence expression between a pair of braces,
|
||||
followed by an optional
|
||||
<var class="var">postscript</var>.
|
||||
The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces,
|
||||
and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string,
|
||||
expanding left to right.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>Brace expansions may be nested.
|
||||
The results of each expanded string are not sorted;
|
||||
@@ -2441,7 +2449,8 @@ For example,
|
||||
ade ace abe
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>A sequence expression takes the form <code class="code">{<var class="var">x</var>..<var class="var">y</var>[..<var class="var">incr</var>]}</code>,
|
||||
<p>A sequence expression takes the form
|
||||
<code class="code">{<var class="var">x</var>..<var class="var">y</var>[..<var class="var">incr</var>]}</code>,
|
||||
where <var class="var">x</var> and <var class="var">y</var> are either integers or letters,
|
||||
and <var class="var">incr</var>, an optional increment, is an integer.
|
||||
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
|
||||
@@ -2470,11 +2479,13 @@ and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
|
||||
sequence expression.
|
||||
Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>A { or ‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’ may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
|
||||
<p>A ‘<samp class="samp">{</samp>’ or ‘<samp class="samp">,</samp>’
|
||||
may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
|
||||
being considered part of a brace expression.
|
||||
To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string ‘<samp class="samp">${</samp>’
|
||||
is not considered eligible for brace expansion,
|
||||
and inhibits brace expansion until the closing ‘<samp class="samp">}</samp>’.
|
||||
and inhibits brace expansion until the closing
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">}</samp>’.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
|
||||
prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
|
||||
@@ -2487,6 +2498,38 @@ above example:
|
||||
<pre class="example-preformatted">chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with
|
||||
historical versions of
|
||||
<code class="command">sh</code>.
|
||||
<code class="command">sh</code>
|
||||
does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they
|
||||
appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
|
||||
Bash
|
||||
removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
|
||||
expansion.
|
||||
For example, a word entered to
|
||||
<code class="command">sh</code>
|
||||
as
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">file{1,2}</samp>’
|
||||
appears identically in the output.
|
||||
Bash
|
||||
outputs that word as
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">file1 file2</samp>’
|
||||
after brace expansion.
|
||||
Start
|
||||
Bash
|
||||
with the
|
||||
<samp class="option">+B</samp>
|
||||
option or disable brace expansion with the
|
||||
<samp class="option">+B</samp>
|
||||
option to the
|
||||
<code class="code">set</code>
|
||||
command
|
||||
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Builtin-Commands">Shell Builtin Commands</a>)
|
||||
for strict
|
||||
<code class="command">sh</code>
|
||||
compatibility.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Tilde-Expansion">
|
||||
@@ -3259,7 +3302,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Process-Substitution" accesskey="n" rel="next">Process Substitut
|
||||
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-expansion_002c-arithmetic"></a>
|
||||
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arithmetic-expansion"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Arithmetic expansion evalutes an arithmetic expression
|
||||
<p>Arithmetic expansion evaluates an arithmetic expression
|
||||
and substitutes the result.
|
||||
The format for arithmetic expansion is:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
@@ -3309,8 +3352,9 @@ This filename is
|
||||
passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
|
||||
expansion.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>If the <code class="code">>(<var class="var">list</var>)</code> form is used, writing to
|
||||
the file provides input for <var class="var">list</var>.
|
||||
<p>If the
|
||||
<code class="code">>(<var class="var">list</var>)</code> form is used, writing to the file
|
||||
provides input for <var class="var">list</var>.
|
||||
If the
|
||||
<code class="code"><(<var class="var">list</var>)</code> form is used, reading the file
|
||||
obtains the output of <var class="var">list</var>.
|
||||
@@ -3452,23 +3496,25 @@ The filenames
|
||||
<samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp>
|
||||
are always ignored when <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>
|
||||
is set and not null.
|
||||
However, setting <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code> to a non-null value has the effect of
|
||||
enabling the <code class="code">dotglob</code>
|
||||
However, setting <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>
|
||||
to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the
|
||||
<code class="code">dotglob</code>
|
||||
shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’
|
||||
match.
|
||||
To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’, make ‘<samp class="samp">.*</samp>’ one of the patterns in <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>.
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’,
|
||||
make ‘<samp class="samp">.*</samp>’ one of the patterns in <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>.
|
||||
The <code class="code">dotglob</code> option is disabled when <code class="env">GLOBIGNORE</code>
|
||||
is unset.
|
||||
The <code class="code">GLOBIGNORE</code>
|
||||
pattern matching honors the setting of the <code class="code">extglob</code> shell
|
||||
option.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the value of the
|
||||
<code class="env">GLOBSORT</code> shell
|
||||
variable controls how the results are sorted, as described
|
||||
below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a>).
|
||||
<p>The value of the
|
||||
<code class="env">GLOBSORT</code>
|
||||
shell variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted,
|
||||
as described below (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<ul class="mini-toc">
|
||||
<li><a href="#Pattern-Matching" accesskey="1">Pattern Matching</a></li>
|
||||
@@ -3539,7 +3585,9 @@ force the use of the C locale by setting the <code class="env">LC_COLLATE</code>
|
||||
<p>Within a bracket expression, <em class="dfn">character classes</em> can be specified
|
||||
using the syntax
|
||||
<code class="code">[:</code><var class="var">class</var><code class="code">:]</code>, where <var class="var">class</var> is one of the
|
||||
following classes defined in the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard:
|
||||
following classes defined in the
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
standard:
|
||||
</p><div class="example">
|
||||
<pre class="example-preformatted">alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower
|
||||
print punct space upper word xdigit
|
||||
@@ -3807,19 +3855,22 @@ and the
|
||||
<code class="code">noclobber</code>
|
||||
option to the
|
||||
<code class="code">set</code>
|
||||
builtin has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
|
||||
builtin command has been enabled, the redirection fails if the file
|
||||
whose name results from the expansion of <var class="var">word</var> exists and is
|
||||
a regular file.
|
||||
If the redirection operator is ‘<samp class="samp">>|</samp>’, or the redirection operator is
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">></samp>’ and the <code class="code">noclobber</code> option is not enabled,
|
||||
Bash attemps the redirection
|
||||
If the redirection operator is ‘<samp class="samp">>|</samp>’,
|
||||
or the redirection operator is ‘<samp class="samp">></samp>’ and
|
||||
the <code class="code">noclobber</code> option to the <code class="code">set</code>
|
||||
builtin is not enabled,
|
||||
Bash attempts the redirection
|
||||
even if the file named by <var class="var">word</var> exists.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Appending-Redirected-Output">
|
||||
<h4 class="subsection"><span>3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output<a class="copiable-link" href="#Appending-Redirected-Output"> ¶</a></span></h4>
|
||||
<p>Redirecting output in this fashion opens
|
||||
the file whose name results from the expansion of <var class="var">word</var>
|
||||
the file whose name results from the expansion of
|
||||
<var class="var">word</var>
|
||||
for appending on file descriptor <var class="var">n</var>,
|
||||
or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <var class="var">n</var>
|
||||
is not specified.
|
||||
@@ -5122,7 +5173,9 @@ commands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more arguments can
|
||||
lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that look like primaries.
|
||||
The <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard has deprecated the <samp class="option">-a</samp> and <samp class="option">-o</samp>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
standard has deprecated the <samp class="option">-a</samp> and <samp class="option">-o</samp>
|
||||
primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
|
||||
Scripts should no longer use them.
|
||||
It’s much more reliable to restrict test invocations to a single primary,
|
||||
@@ -5158,7 +5211,7 @@ The return status is zero.
|
||||
shell receives any of the signals <var class="var">sigspec</var>.
|
||||
If <var class="var">action</var> is absent (and
|
||||
there is a single <var class="var">sigspec</var>) or
|
||||
equal to ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, each specified <var class="var">sigspec</var>’ss disposition is reset
|
||||
equal to ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, each specified <var class="var">sigspec</var>’s disposition is reset
|
||||
to the value it had when the shell was started.
|
||||
If <var class="var">action</var> is the null string, then the signal specified by
|
||||
each <var class="var">sigspec</var> is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
|
||||
@@ -5439,7 +5492,7 @@ If the separator is a colon, any enclosing double quotes are optional, and
|
||||
Readline does not expand the command string before saving it.
|
||||
Since the entire key binding expression must be a single argument, it
|
||||
should be enclosed in single quotes.
|
||||
When <var class="var">shell-command</var> is executed, the shell sets thex
|
||||
When <var class="var">shell-command</var> is executed, the shell sets the
|
||||
<code class="code">READLINE_LINE</code> variable to the contents of the Readline line
|
||||
buffer
|
||||
and the
|
||||
@@ -5751,7 +5804,9 @@ The <samp class="option">-n</samp> option means to print only disabled builtins.
|
||||
The <samp class="option">-a</samp> option means to list
|
||||
each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled.
|
||||
The <samp class="option">-s</samp> option means to
|
||||
restrict <code class="code">enable</code> to the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> special builtins.
|
||||
restrict <code class="code">enable</code> to the
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
special builtins.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>The <samp class="option">-f</samp> option means to load the new builtin command <var class="var">name</var>
|
||||
from shared object <var class="var">filename</var>, on systems that support dynamic loading.
|
||||
@@ -5761,8 +5816,9 @@ colon-separated list of directories in which to search for <var class="var">file
|
||||
The default for <code class="env">BASH_LOADABLES_PATH</code> is system-dependent,
|
||||
and may include "." to force a search of the current directory.
|
||||
The <samp class="option">-d</samp> option will delete a builtin loaded with <samp class="option">-f</samp>.
|
||||
If <samp class="option">-s</samp> is used with <samp class="option">-f</samp>, the new builtin becomes
|
||||
a special builtin (see <a class="pxref" href="#Special-Builtins">Special Builtins</a>).
|
||||
If <samp class="option">-s</samp> is used with <samp class="option">-f</samp>, the new builtin becomes a
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
special builtin (see <a class="pxref" href="#Special-Builtins">Special Builtins</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>If no options are supplied and a <var class="var">name</var> is not a shell builtin,
|
||||
<code class="code">enable</code> will attempt to load <var class="var">name</var> from a shared object named
|
||||
@@ -5780,8 +5836,10 @@ or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Display helpful information about builtin commands.
|
||||
If <var class="var">pattern</var> is specified, <code class="code">help</code> gives detailed help
|
||||
on all commands matching <var class="var">pattern</var>, otherwise it displays
|
||||
a list of all builtins and shell compound commands.
|
||||
on all commands matching <var class="var">pattern</var>
|
||||
as described below;
|
||||
otherwise it displays a list of
|
||||
all builtins and shell compound commands.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
@@ -5797,6 +5855,18 @@ a list of all builtins and shell compound commands.
|
||||
</p></dd>
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If <var class="var">pattern</var> contains pattern matching characters
|
||||
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Pattern-Matching">Pattern Matching</a>)
|
||||
it’s treated as a shell pattern and
|
||||
<code class="code">help</code> prints the description of each
|
||||
help topic matching <var class="var">pattern</var>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>If not, and <var class="var">pattern</var> exactly matches the name of a help topic,
|
||||
<code class="code">help</code> prints the description
|
||||
associated with that topic.
|
||||
Otherwise, <code class="code">help</code> performs prefix matching and
|
||||
prints the descriptions of all matching help topics.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>The return status is zero unless no command matches <var class="var">pattern</var>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
@@ -6272,7 +6342,9 @@ allow this value to be set).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><code class="code">-q</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>The maximum number of bytes in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> message queues.
|
||||
<dd><p>The maximum number of bytes in
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
message queues.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><code class="code">-r</code></dt>
|
||||
@@ -6338,7 +6410,7 @@ If no option is supplied, then <samp class="option">-f</samp> is assumed.
|
||||
<samp class="option">-b</samp>,
|
||||
<samp class="option">-k</samp>,
|
||||
<samp class="option">-n</samp> and <samp class="option">-u</samp>, which are unscaled values;
|
||||
and, when in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> Mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>),
|
||||
and, when in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>),
|
||||
<samp class="option">-c</samp> and <samp class="option">-f</samp>, which are in 512-byte increments.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
|
||||
@@ -6585,7 +6657,8 @@ This option is disabled by default.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><code class="code">posix</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
|
||||
<dd><p>Enable <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode;
|
||||
change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
|
||||
from the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard to match the standard
|
||||
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>).
|
||||
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
|
||||
@@ -7640,9 +7713,9 @@ being closed.
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-CHILD_005fMAX"></a><span><code class="code">CHILD_MAX</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-CHILD_005fMAX"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
|
||||
Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a <small class="sc">POSIX</small>-mandated
|
||||
minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
|
||||
not exceed.
|
||||
Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>-mandated minimum,
|
||||
and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may not exceed.
|
||||
The minimum value is system-dependent.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
@@ -7752,7 +7825,7 @@ running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
|
||||
<dd><p>Expanded and executed similarly to <code class="code">BASH_ENV</code>
|
||||
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Startup-Files">Bash Startup Files</a>)
|
||||
when an interactive shell is invoked in
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small> Mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>).
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-EPOCHREALTIME"></a><span><code class="code">EPOCHREALTIME</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-EPOCHREALTIME"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
@@ -7917,14 +7990,19 @@ quick substitution, and tokenization
|
||||
The first character is the <em class="dfn">history expansion</em> character,
|
||||
the character which begins a history expansion, normally
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">!</samp>’.
|
||||
The second character is the “quick substitution” character, normally
|
||||
The second character is the
|
||||
<em class="dfn">quick substitution</em>
|
||||
character, normally
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">^</samp>’.
|
||||
When it appears as the first character on the line,
|
||||
history substitution repeats the previous command,
|
||||
replacing one string with another.
|
||||
The optional third character is the character which indicates that
|
||||
the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character
|
||||
of a word, usually ‘<samp class="samp">#</samp>’.
|
||||
The optional third character is the
|
||||
<em class="dfn">history comment</em>
|
||||
character, normally ‘<samp class="samp">#</samp>’,
|
||||
which indicates
|
||||
that the remainder of the line is a comment
|
||||
when it appears as the first character of a word.
|
||||
The history comment character disables history substitution
|
||||
for the remaining words on the line.
|
||||
It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
|
||||
@@ -8272,27 +8350,30 @@ subsequently reset.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fARGUMENT"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_ARGUMENT</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fARGUMENT"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>Any numeric argument given to a Readline command that was defined using
|
||||
<dd><p>Any numeric argument given to a Readline
|
||||
command that was defined using
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>
|
||||
when it was invoked.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fLINE"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_LINE</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fLINE"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
|
||||
with ‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
|
||||
<dd><p>The contents of the Readline
|
||||
line buffer, for use with
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fMARK"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_MARK</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fMARK"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>The position of the <em class="dfn">mark</em> (saved insertion point) in the
|
||||
Readline line buffer, for use
|
||||
<dd><p>The position of the <em class="dfn">mark</em> (saved insertion point) in the Readline
|
||||
line buffer, for use
|
||||
with ‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
|
||||
The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
|
||||
called the <em class="dfn">region</em>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-READLINE_005fPOINT"></a><span><code class="code">READLINE_POINT</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-READLINE_005fPOINT"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
|
||||
with ‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
|
||||
<dd><p>The position of the insertion point in the Readline
|
||||
line buffer, for use with
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">bind -x</samp>’ (see <a class="pxref" href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtin Commands</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-REPLY"></a><span><code class="code">REPLY</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-REPLY"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
@@ -8328,6 +8409,8 @@ as ‘<samp class="samp">on</samp>’ by ‘<samp class="samp">set -
|
||||
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
|
||||
starts up, the shell enables each option in the list before
|
||||
reading any startup files.
|
||||
If this variable is exported, child shells will enable each option
|
||||
in the list.
|
||||
This variable is readonly.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
@@ -8530,8 +8613,11 @@ This is on by default if the shell is invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><code class="code">--posix</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
|
||||
from the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard to match the standard.
|
||||
<dd><p>Enable <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode;
|
||||
change the behavior of Bash
|
||||
where the default operation differs from the
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
standard to match the standard.
|
||||
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
|
||||
standard.
|
||||
See <a class="xref" href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>, for a description of the Bash <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode.
|
||||
@@ -8632,21 +8718,23 @@ and arguments passed to that script.
|
||||
</dl>
|
||||
|
||||
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-login-shell"></a>
|
||||
<p>A <em class="emph">login</em> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
|
||||
<p>A <em class="dfn">login shell</em> is one whose first character of argument zero is
|
||||
‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, or one invoked with the <samp class="option">--login</samp> option.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-interactive-shell"></a>
|
||||
<p>An <em class="emph">interactive</em> shell is one started without non-option arguments,
|
||||
unless <samp class="option">-s</samp> is specified, without specifying the <samp class="option">-c</samp> option,
|
||||
and whose input and output (using the standard error) are both
|
||||
connected to terminals (as determined by <code class="code">isatty(3)</code>), or one
|
||||
started with the <samp class="option">-i</samp> option.
|
||||
<p>An <em class="dfn">interactive shell</em> is one started without non-option arguments,
|
||||
unless <samp class="option">-s</samp> is specified,
|
||||
without specifying the <samp class="option">-c</samp> option,
|
||||
and whose standard input and standard error are both
|
||||
connected to terminals (as determined by
|
||||
<i class="i">isatty(3)</i>),
|
||||
or one started with the <samp class="option">-i</samp> option.
|
||||
See <a class="xref" href="#Interactive-Shells">Interactive Shells</a>, for more information.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
|
||||
<samp class="option">-c</samp> nor the <samp class="option">-s</samp>
|
||||
option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
|
||||
be the name of a file containing shell commands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Scripts">Shell Scripts</a>).
|
||||
option has been supplied, the first argument is treated as
|
||||
the name of a file containing shell commands (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Scripts">Shell Scripts</a>).
|
||||
When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <code class="code">$0</code>
|
||||
is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
|
||||
are set to the remaining arguments.
|
||||
@@ -8654,6 +8742,11 @@ Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
|
||||
Bash’s exit status is the exit status of the last command executed
|
||||
in the script.
|
||||
If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
|
||||
Bash
|
||||
first attempts to open the file in the current directory,
|
||||
and, if no file is found, searches the directories in
|
||||
<code class="env">PATH</code>
|
||||
for the script.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
@@ -8718,39 +8811,48 @@ Bash behaves as if the following command were executed:
|
||||
filename.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
|
||||
<samp class="option">--login</samp> option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
|
||||
<samp class="option">--login</samp> option,
|
||||
Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
|
||||
login shell startup files.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Invoked-with-name-sh"><span>Invoked with name <code class="code">sh</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoked-with-name-sh"> ¶</a></span></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If Bash is invoked with the name <code class="code">sh</code>, it tries to mimic the
|
||||
startup behavior of historical versions of <code class="code">sh</code> as closely as
|
||||
possible, while conforming to the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard as well.
|
||||
<p>If Bash is invoked with the name <code class="command">sh</code>,
|
||||
it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of
|
||||
<code class="command">sh</code> as closely as possible,
|
||||
while conforming to the
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
standard as well.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
|
||||
shell with the <samp class="option">--login</samp> option, it first attempts to read
|
||||
and execute commands from <samp class="file">/etc/profile</samp> and <samp class="file">~/.profile</samp>, in
|
||||
that order.
|
||||
and execute commands from
|
||||
<samp class="file">/etc/profile</samp> and <samp class="file">~/.profile</samp>,
|
||||
in that order.
|
||||
The <samp class="option">--noprofile</samp> option inhibits this behavior.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>When invoked as an interactive shell with the name <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash
|
||||
looks for the variable <code class="env">ENV</code>, expands its value if it is defined,
|
||||
and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
|
||||
Since a shell invoked as <code class="code">sh</code> does not attempt to read and execute
|
||||
commands from any other startup files, the <samp class="option">--rcfile</samp> option has
|
||||
no effect.
|
||||
<p>When invoked as an interactive shell with the name <code class="command">sh</code>, Bash
|
||||
looks for the variable <code class="env">ENV</code>,
|
||||
expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
|
||||
expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
|
||||
Since a shell invoked as <code class="command">sh</code>
|
||||
does not attempt to read and execute commands from any other startup
|
||||
files, the
|
||||
<samp class="option">--rcfile</samp>
|
||||
option has no effect.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>A non-interactive shell invoked with the name <code class="code">sh</code> does not attempt
|
||||
to read any other startup files.
|
||||
<p>A non-interactive shell invoked with the name <code class="command">sh</code>
|
||||
does not attempt to read any other startup files.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>When invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after reading
|
||||
<p>When invoked as <code class="command">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after reading
|
||||
the startup files.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Invoked-in-posix-mode"><span>Invoked in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode<a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoked-in-posix-mode"> ¶</a></span></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>When Bash is started in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, as with the
|
||||
<samp class="option">--posix</samp> command line option, it follows the <small class="sc">POSIX</small> standard
|
||||
for startup files.
|
||||
<samp class="option">--posix</samp> command line option, it follows the
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
standard for startup files.
|
||||
In this mode, interactive shells expand the <code class="env">ENV</code> variable
|
||||
and read and execute commands from the file whose name is the
|
||||
expanded value.
|
||||
@@ -8758,14 +8860,17 @@ No other startup files are read.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Invoked-by-remote-shell-daemon"><span>Invoked by remote shell daemon<a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoked-by-remote-shell-daemon"> ¶</a></span></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
|
||||
<p>Bash
|
||||
attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
|
||||
connected to a network connection, as when executed by
|
||||
the historical and rarely-seen remote shell daemon, usually <code class="code">rshd</code>,
|
||||
or the secure shell daemon <code class="code">sshd</code>.
|
||||
If Bash
|
||||
If
|
||||
Bash
|
||||
determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion,
|
||||
it reads and executes commands from <samp class="file">~/.bashrc</samp>, if that
|
||||
file exists and is readable.
|
||||
it reads and executes commands from
|
||||
<samp class="file">~/.bashrc</samp>,
|
||||
if that file exists and is readable.
|
||||
Bash does not read this file if invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>.
|
||||
The
|
||||
<samp class="option">--norc</samp>
|
||||
@@ -9138,7 +9243,9 @@ this returns true if an element with that key is set.
|
||||
When used with the <code class="code">[[</code> command, this performs pattern matching as
|
||||
described above (see <a class="pxref" href="#Conditional-Constructs">Conditional Constructs</a>).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’ should be used with the <code class="code">test</code> command for <small class="sc">POSIX</small> conformance.
|
||||
<p>‘<samp class="samp">=</samp>’ should be used with the <code class="code">test</code> command for
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
conformance.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><code class="code"><var class="var">string1</var> != <var class="var">string2</var></code></dt>
|
||||
@@ -9414,7 +9521,8 @@ There is no maximum
|
||||
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
|
||||
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
|
||||
Indexed arrays are referenced using arithmetic expressions
|
||||
that must expand to an integer (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Arithmetic">Shell Arithmetic</a>)) and are zero-based;
|
||||
that must expand to an integer (see <a class="pxref" href="#Shell-Arithmetic">Shell Arithmetic</a>))
|
||||
and are zero-based;
|
||||
associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
|
||||
Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
@@ -9427,7 +9535,7 @@ using the syntax
|
||||
<p>The <var class="var">subscript</var>
|
||||
is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
|
||||
greater than or equal to zero.
|
||||
To explicitly declare an array, use
|
||||
To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
|
||||
</p><div class="example">
|
||||
<pre class="example-preformatted">declare -a <var class="var">name</var>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
@@ -9443,9 +9551,8 @@ The syntax
|
||||
<pre class="example-preformatted">declare -A <var class="var">name</var>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Attributes may be
|
||||
specified for an array variable using the <code class="code">declare</code> and
|
||||
<code class="code">readonly</code> builtins.
|
||||
<p>Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the
|
||||
<code class="code">declare</code> and <code class="code">readonly</code> builtins.
|
||||
Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>Arrays are assigned using compound assignments of the form
|
||||
@@ -9492,8 +9599,10 @@ interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
|
||||
<var class="var">name</var>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
|
||||
array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>The ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’ operator appends to an array variable when assigning
|
||||
using the compound assignment syntax; see <a class="ref" href="#Shell-Parameters">Shell Parameters</a> above.
|
||||
<p>The ‘<samp class="samp">+=</samp>’
|
||||
operator appends to an array variable when assigning
|
||||
using the compound assignment syntax; see
|
||||
<a class="ref" href="#Shell-Parameters">Shell Parameters</a> above.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>An array element is referenced using
|
||||
<code class="code">${<var class="var">name</var>[<var class="var">subscript</var>]}</code>.
|
||||
@@ -9957,7 +10066,8 @@ Next: <a href="#Shell-Compatibility-Mode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Shell Compati
|
||||
<h4 class="subsection"><span>6.11.1 What is POSIX?<a class="copiable-link" href="#What-is-POSIX_003f"> ¶</a></span></h4>
|
||||
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-POSIX-description"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><small class="sc">POSIX</small> is the name for a family of standards based on Unix.
|
||||
<p><small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
is the name for a family of standards based on Unix.
|
||||
A number of Unix services, tools, and functions are part of the standard,
|
||||
ranging from the basic system calls and C library functions to common
|
||||
applications and tools to system administration and management.
|
||||
@@ -9989,11 +10099,11 @@ pipelines, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting.
|
||||
shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as
|
||||
being part of the shell; examples of these are <code class="code">eval</code> and
|
||||
<code class="code">export</code>.
|
||||
Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not
|
||||
Other utilities appear in the sections of <small class="sc">POSIX</small> not
|
||||
devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must
|
||||
be) implemented as builtin commands, such as
|
||||
<code class="code">read</code> and <code class="code">test</code>.
|
||||
POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell’s interactive
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small> also specifies aspects of the shell’s interactive
|
||||
behavior, including job control and command
|
||||
line editing.
|
||||
Only vi-style line editing commands have been standardized;
|
||||
@@ -10008,7 +10118,7 @@ emacs editing commands were left out due to objections.
|
||||
specification, there are areas where the Bash default behavior
|
||||
differs from the specification.
|
||||
The Bash <em class="dfn">posix mode</em> changes the Bash
|
||||
behavior in these areas so that it conforms more closely
|
||||
behavior in these areas so that it conforms more strictly
|
||||
to the standard.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>Starting Bash with the <samp class="option">--posix</samp> command-line option or executing
|
||||
@@ -10019,7 +10129,7 @@ match that specified by <small class="sc">POSIX</small> in areas where the Bash
|
||||
<p>When invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after reading the
|
||||
startup files.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p>The following list is what’s changed when ‘<small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode’ is in effect:
|
||||
<p>The following list is what’s changed when <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode is in effect:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<ol class="enumerate">
|
||||
<li> Bash ensures that the <code class="env">POSIXLY_CORRECT</code> variable is set.
|
||||
@@ -10444,13 +10554,17 @@ strcoll(3).
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><code class="code">compat41</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd><ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
|
||||
<li>In posix mode, <code class="code">time</code> may be followed by options and still be
|
||||
recognized as a reserved word (this is <small class="sc">POSIX</small> interpretation 267).
|
||||
</li><li>In posix mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
|
||||
<li>In <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, <code class="code">time</code> may be followed by options and still be
|
||||
recognized as a reserved word (this is
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
interpretation 267).
|
||||
</li><li>In <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, the parser requires that an even number of single
|
||||
quotes occur in the <var class="var">word</var> portion of a double-quoted ${…}
|
||||
parameter expansion and treats them specially, so that characters within
|
||||
the single quotes are considered quoted
|
||||
(this is <small class="sc">POSIX</small> interpretation 221).
|
||||
(this is
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
interpretation 221).
|
||||
</li></ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
@@ -10458,10 +10572,12 @@ the single quotes are considered quoted
|
||||
<dd><ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
|
||||
<li>The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitution does not
|
||||
undergo quote removal, as it does in versions after bash-4.2.
|
||||
</li><li>In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
|
||||
</li><li>In <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding
|
||||
the <var class="var">word</var> portion of a double-quoted ${…} parameter expansion
|
||||
and can be used to quote a closing brace or other special character
|
||||
(this is part of <small class="sc">POSIX</small> interpretation 221);
|
||||
(this is part of
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
interpretation 221);
|
||||
in later versions, single quotes
|
||||
are not special within double-quoted word expansions.
|
||||
</li></ul>
|
||||
@@ -10470,7 +10586,7 @@ are not special within double-quoted word expansions.
|
||||
<dt><code class="code">compat43</code></dt>
|
||||
<dd><ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
|
||||
<li>Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors that cause the
|
||||
current command to fail, even in posix mode
|
||||
current command to fail, even in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode
|
||||
(the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell
|
||||
to exit).
|
||||
</li><li>When executing a shell function, the loop state (while/until/etc.)
|
||||
@@ -10490,7 +10606,8 @@ or <code class="code">continue</code> will cause the subshell to exit.
|
||||
Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the exit.
|
||||
</li><li>Variable assignments preceding builtins like <code class="code">export</code> and <code class="code">readonly</code>
|
||||
that set attributes continue to affect variables with the same
|
||||
name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix
|
||||
name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in
|
||||
<small class="sc">POSIX</small>
|
||||
mode.
|
||||
</li></ul>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -11472,9 +11589,10 @@ A sample value might be ‘<samp class="samp">\e[01;33m</samp>’.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</dd>
|
||||
<dt><a id="index-active_002dregion_002dend_002dcolor"></a><span><code class="code">active-region-end-color</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-active_002dregion_002dend_002dcolor"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
||||
<dd><p>A string variable that "undoes" the effects of <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code>
|
||||
and restores "normal" terminal display appearance after displaying text
|
||||
in the active region.
|
||||
<dd><p>A string variable that “undoes”
|
||||
the effects of <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code>
|
||||
and restores “normal”
|
||||
terminal display appearance after displaying text in the active region.
|
||||
This string must not take up any physical character positions on the display,
|
||||
so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
|
||||
It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the active region.
|
||||
@@ -11708,7 +11826,7 @@ If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries
|
||||
are saved.
|
||||
If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
|
||||
limited.
|
||||
By default, Bash sets the the maximum number of history entries to
|
||||
By default, Bash sets the maximum number of history entries to
|
||||
the value of the <code class="code">HISTSIZE</code> shell variable.
|
||||
If you try to set <var class="var">history-size</var> to a non-numeric value,
|
||||
the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.
|
||||
@@ -12078,7 +12196,7 @@ set of backslash escapes is available:
|
||||
<p>When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
|
||||
be used to indicate a macro definition.
|
||||
Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
|
||||
Tthe backslash escapes described above are expanded
|
||||
The backslash escapes described above are expanded
|
||||
in the macro body.
|
||||
Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
|
||||
including ‘<samp class="samp">"</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">'</samp>’.
|
||||
@@ -12232,7 +12350,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Conditional-Init-Constructs" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Condit
|
||||
binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div class="example">
|
||||
<pre class="example-preformatted"># This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
|
||||
<pre class="example-preformatted"># This file controls the behavior of line input editing for
|
||||
# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
|
||||
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
|
||||
#
|
||||
@@ -12355,10 +12473,13 @@ Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
|
||||
position, and <em class="dfn">mark</em> refers to a cursor position saved by the
|
||||
<code class="code">set-mark</code> command.
|
||||
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <em class="dfn">region</em>.
|
||||
Readline has the concept of an <em class="emph">active region</em>:
|
||||
Readline
|
||||
has the concept of an <em class="emph">active region</em>:
|
||||
when the region is active,
|
||||
Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
|
||||
value of the <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code> variable.
|
||||
value of the
|
||||
<code class="code">active-region-start-color</code>
|
||||
variable.
|
||||
The <code class="code">enable-active-region</code> variable turns this on and off.
|
||||
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
@@ -12930,7 +13051,7 @@ using the following format, writing information on separate lines:
|
||||
<li>the number of matches <var class="var">N</var>;
|
||||
</li><li>the word being completed;
|
||||
</li><li><var class="var">S</var>:<var class="var">E</var>,
|
||||
where S and E are the start and end offsets of the word
|
||||
where <var class="var">S</var> and <var class="var">E</var> are the start and end offsets of the word
|
||||
in the Readline line buffer; then
|
||||
</li><li>each match, one per line
|
||||
</li></ul>
|
||||
@@ -13220,7 +13341,7 @@ pathname expansion.
|
||||
This performs alias and history expansion,
|
||||
$’<var class="var">string</var>’ and $"<var class="var">string</var>" quoting,
|
||||
tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
|
||||
command and proces substitution,
|
||||
command and process substitution,
|
||||
word splitting, and quote removal.
|
||||
An explicit argument suppresses command and process substitution.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
@@ -15391,7 +15512,7 @@ to <a class="email" href="mailto:bug-bash@gnu.org">bug-bash@gnu.org</a> or <a cl
|
||||
<li>The version number of Bash.
|
||||
</li><li>The hardware and operating system.
|
||||
</li><li>The compiler used to compile Bash.
|
||||
</li><li>A description of the bug behaviour.
|
||||
</li><li>A description of the bug behavior.
|
||||
</li><li>A short script or ‘recipe’ which exercises the bug and may be used
|
||||
to reproduce it.
|
||||
</li></ul>
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user