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Chet Ramey
2018-06-12 10:37:19 -04:00
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26 changed files with 12871 additions and 12542 deletions
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doc/bashref.html
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@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018).
the Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018).
This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018,
This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 5.0.
@@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Previou
<h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018).
the Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018,
<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.0.
</p>
@@ -1297,7 +1297,9 @@ zero if no condition tested true.
<p>The syntax of the <code>case</code> command is:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">case <var>word</var> in [ [(] <var>pattern</var> [| <var>pattern</var>]&hellip;) <var>command-list</var> ;;]&hellip; esac
<pre class="example">case <var>word</var> in
[ [(] <var>pattern</var> [| <var>pattern</var>]&hellip;) <var>command-list</var> ;;]&hellip;
esac
</pre></div>
<p><code>case</code> will selectively execute the <var>command-list</var> corresponding to
@@ -1443,7 +1445,7 @@ If the <code>nocasematch</code> shell option
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The return value is 0 if the string matches (&lsquo;<samp>==</samp>&rsquo;) or does not
match (&lsquo;<samp>!=</samp>&rsquo;)the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
match (&lsquo;<samp>!=</samp>&rsquo;) the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
to be matched as a string.
</p>
@@ -1722,7 +1724,8 @@ from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line):
<p>with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">cat list | parallel &quot;do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 &lt; {}&quot; | process-output
<pre class="example">cat list | parallel &quot;do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 &lt; {}&quot; |
process-output
</pre></div>
<p>Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which
@@ -1744,12 +1747,20 @@ written as
<p>If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in
the output. For instance, the following command
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
<pre class="example">{
echo foss.org.my ;
echo debian.org ;
echo freenetproject.org ;
} | parallel traceroute
</pre></div>
<p>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.
Adding the <samp>-k</samp> option
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
<pre class="example">{
echo foss.org.my ;
echo debian.org ;
echo freenetproject.org ;
} | parallel -k traceroute
</pre></div>
<p>will ensure that the output of <code>traceroute foss.org.my</code> is displayed first.
</p>
@@ -2126,8 +2137,16 @@ separators.
<a name="index-_0040"></a>
</dt>
<dd><a name="index-_0024_0040"></a>
<p>($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
<p>($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
quotes, these words are subject to word splitting.
In contexts where word splitting is not performed,
this expands to a single word
with each positional parameter separated by a space.
When the
expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is performed,
each parameter expands to a
separate word. That is, <code>&quot;$@&quot;</code> is equivalent to
<code>&quot;$1&quot; &quot;$2&quot; &hellip;</code>.
If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
@@ -5078,8 +5097,8 @@ parent.
<dt><code>mapfile</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-mapfile"></a>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">mapfile [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>]
[-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
<pre class="example">mapfile [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>]
[-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <var>array</var>,
@@ -5309,8 +5328,8 @@ The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
<dt><code>readarray</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-readarray"></a>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">readarray [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>]
[-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
<pre class="example">readarray [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>]
[-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <var>array</var>,
@@ -7180,7 +7199,7 @@ as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
of consecutive <code>EOF</code> characters that can be read as the
first character on an input line
before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not
have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10.
have a numeric value, or has no value, then the default is 10.
If the variable does not exist, then <code>EOF</code> signifies the end of
input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
</p>
@@ -7583,9 +7602,12 @@ Next: <a href="#Bash-Startup-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bash Startup Files<
<h3 class="section">6.1 Invoking Bash</h3>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> &hellip;]
bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] -c <var>string</var> [<var>argument</var> &hellip;]
bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> &hellip;]
<pre class="example">bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>]
[-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> &hellip;]
bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>]
[-O <var>shopt_option</var>] -c <var>string</var> [<var>argument</var> &hellip;]
bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>]
[-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> &hellip;]
</pre></div>
<p>All of the single-character options used with the <code>set</code> builtin
@@ -8014,7 +8036,7 @@ when a shell with history enabled exits.
(see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>).
</li><li> In the absence of any traps, <code>SIGINT</code> is caught and handled
((see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>).
(see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>).
<code>SIGINT</code> will interrupt some shell builtins.
</li><li> An interactive login shell sends a <code>SIGHUP</code> to all jobs on exit
@@ -8843,7 +8865,7 @@ shell session.
<p>After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
<code>promptvars</code> shell option (see <a href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtins</a>).
<code>promptvars</code> shell option (see <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a>).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="The-Restricted-Shell"></a>
@@ -10004,6 +10026,7 @@ The default value is &lsquo;<samp>off</samp>&rsquo;.
<p>If set to &lsquo;<samp>on</samp>&rsquo;, and <var>completion-ignore-case</var> is enabled, Readline
treats hyphens (&lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo;) and underscores (&lsquo;<samp>_</samp>&rsquo;) as equivalent when
performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
The default value is &lsquo;<samp>off</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>completion-prefix-display-length</code></dt>
@@ -10365,7 +10388,7 @@ Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: &quot;&gt; output&quot;
</pre></div>
<p>In the above example, <kbd>C-u</kbd> is bound to the function
<p>In the example above, <kbd>C-u</kbd> is bound to the function
<code>universal-argument</code>,
<kbd>M-DEL</kbd> is bound to the function <code>backward-kill-word</code>, and
<kbd>C-o</kbd> is bound to run the macro
@@ -11068,7 +11091,7 @@ how to insert key sequences like <kbd>C-q</kbd>, for example.
sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is assigned by default.
It allows Readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating
each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. The characters
are inserted as if each one was bound to <code>self-insert</code>) instead of
are inserted as if each one was bound to <code>self-insert</code> instead of
executing any editing commands.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -11973,10 +11996,10 @@ matches were generated.
<dt><code>complete</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-complete"></a>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"><code>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <var>comp-option</var>] [-DE] [-A <var>action</var>] [-G <var>globpat</var>] [-W <var>wordlist</var>]
[-F <var>function</var>] [-C <var>command</var>] [-X <var>filterpat</var>]
<pre class="example"><code>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <var>comp-option</var>] [-DEI] [-A <var>action</var>] [-G <var>globpat</var>]
[-W <var>wordlist</var>] [-F <var>function</var>] [-C <var>command</var>] [-X <var>filterpat</var>]
[-P <var>prefix</var>] [-S <var>suffix</var>] <var>name</var> [<var>name</var> &hellip;]</code>
<code>complete -pr [-DE] [<var>name</var> &hellip;]</code>
<code>complete -pr [-DEI] [<var>name</var> &hellip;]</code>
</pre></div>
<p>Specify how arguments to each <var>name</var> should be completed.
@@ -11992,10 +12015,15 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined.
The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to &ldquo;empty&rdquo; command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
The <samp>-I</samp> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a
command delimiter such as &lsquo;<samp>;</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo;, which is usually command
name completion.
If multiple options are supplied, the <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence
over <samp>-E</samp>, and both take precedence over <samp>-I</samp>.
</p>
<p>The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
is attempted is described above (see <a href="#Programmable-Completion">Programmable Completion</a>). The
<samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence over <samp>-E</samp>.
is attempted is described above (see <a href="#Programmable-Completion">Programmable Completion</a>).
</p>
<p>Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
The arguments to the <samp>-G</samp>, <samp>-W</samp>, and <samp>-X</samp> options
@@ -12027,7 +12055,7 @@ no matches.
</dd>
<dt><code>filenames</code></dt>
<dd><p>Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any
filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names
filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names,
quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified
with <samp>-F</samp>.
@@ -12221,7 +12249,7 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification.
<dt><code>compopt</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-compopt"></a>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"><code>compopt</code> [-o <var>option</var>] [-DE] [+o <var>option</var>] [<var>name</var>]
<pre class="example"><code>compopt</code> [-o <var>option</var>] [-DEI] [+o <var>option</var>] [<var>name</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>Modify completion options for each <var>name</var> according to the
<var>option</var>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <var>name</var>s
@@ -12236,8 +12264,13 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined.
The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that the remaining options should
apply to &ldquo;empty&rdquo; command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
The <samp>-I</samp> option indicates that the remaining options should
apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a
command delimiter such as &lsquo;<samp>;</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo;, which is usually command
name completion.
</p>
<p>The <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence over <samp>-E</samp>.
<p>If multiple options are supplied, the <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence
over <samp>-E</samp>, and both take precedence over <samp>-I</samp>
</p>
<p>The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
is made to modify the options for a <var>name</var> for which no completion
@@ -12291,7 +12324,7 @@ _comp_cd()
local cur _skipdot _cdpath
local i j k
# Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
# Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname
case &quot;$2&quot; in
\~*) eval cur=&quot;$2&quot; ;;
*) cur=$2 ;;
@@ -13285,7 +13318,7 @@ compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>--enable-largefile</code></dt>
<dd><p>Enable support for <a href="http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html">large files</a> if the operating system requires special compiler options
<dd><p>Enable support for <a href="http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html">large files</a> if the operating system requires special compiler options
to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by
default, if the operating system provides large file support.
</p>