diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index a3821335..b0b5c1bc 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -13206,7 +13206,7 @@ subst.c 2/19 ---- subst.c - - expand_string_for_rhs: now that this is only use to expand the RHS + - expand_string_for_rhs: now that this is only used to expand the RHS of the various non-pattern ${paramOPword} expansions, set expand_no_split_dollar_star depending on whether or not the entire brace expansion is going to be subjected to word splitting: if it's @@ -13449,3 +13449,63 @@ parse.y - parse_matched_pair: handle an embedded process substitution like an embedded command substitution if we are parsing an array index or a dollar-brace expansion. Reported by D630 + + 3/21 + ---- +subst.h + - ASS_NOEVAL, ASS_NOLONGJMP: new values for assignments, used by + make_variable_value + +variables.c + - make_variable_value: ASS_NOEVAL: if this is set, don't attempt + arithmetic evaluation or case modification, just produce the value + (still honor ASS_APPEND) + - make_variable_value: ASS_NOLONGJMP: don't longjmp back to top_level + if arithmetic evaluation fails due to a syntax error + - bind_variable_internal: make sure aflags is passed to all calls to + make_variable_value + - push_temp_var: add ASS_NOLONGJMP to the flags passed to + bind_variable_internal. Fixes bug reported by D630 + +bashline.c + - bash_execute_unix_command: don't bother to attempt optimization by + checking whether the call to parse_and_execute changes $READLINE_LINE; + it can be defeated by the new code that optimizes appends to string + variables. Bug reported by Grisha Levit + + 3/22 + ---- +subst.c + - expand_string_for_rhs: re-apply change from 2/19 based on discussion + on the austin-group mailing list about how unquoted ${var-$*} + expands when IFS is null. Originally reported by Martijn Dekker + + + 3/25 + ---- +parse.y + - read_token_word: if we read a WORD immediately after a CASE, FOR, or + SELECT, increment `expecting_in_token' to note that we're going to + be reading IN as the next non-newline token + - special_case_tokens: if we're expecting an IN (expecting_in_token > 0) + and we have an "in", return IN and decrement expecting_in_token. This + is a better implementation of Posix grammar rule 6 than the previous + code in that function (which is still there for posterity, but should + eventually be removed). Fixes bug reported by Torka Noda + + +subst.c + - string_list_pos_params: if the expansion is not quoted, and IFS is + null, return a string containing the quoted positional parameters + separated by spaces. Callers know what to do with the string + - parameter_brace_substring,parameter_brace_remove_pattern, + parameter_brace_transform,parameter_brace_patsub,parameter_brace_casemod: + for the VT_POSPARMS case, after calling the operator-specific + expansion function, which eventually calls string_list_pos_params, + leave the returned string alone, since it's already quoted properly + - parameter_brace_expand: after calling the above functions to perform + expansions, if the expansion is being performed on an unquoted $* + when IFS is null, set the W_SPLITSPACE flag in the return WORD_DESC + so that splitting on spaces is performed on the already-quoted word. + Fixes bug reported by Grisha Levit + diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 607974f2..76bc7138 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -813,6 +813,7 @@ tests/test-glue-functions f tests/alias.tests f tests/alias1.sub f tests/alias2.sub f +tests/alias3.sub f tests/alias.right f tests/appendop.tests f tests/appendop1.sub f diff --git a/bashline.c b/bashline.c index dc6a16b9..129714aa 100644 --- a/bashline.c +++ b/bashline.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* bashline.c -- Bash's interface to the readline library. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -4094,7 +4094,7 @@ bash_execute_unix_command (count, key) register int i, r; intmax_t mi; sh_parser_state_t ps; - char *cmd, *value, *l, *l1, *ce; + char *cmd, *value, *ce; SHELL_VAR *v; char ibuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(int) + 1]; @@ -4128,7 +4128,6 @@ bash_execute_unix_command (count, key) v = bind_variable ("READLINE_LINE", rl_line_buffer, 0); if (v) VSETATTR (v, att_exported); - l = v ? value_cell (v) : 0; value = inttostr (rl_point, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf)); v = bind_int_variable ("READLINE_POINT", value, 0); if (v) @@ -4140,9 +4139,8 @@ bash_execute_unix_command (count, key) restore_parser_state (&ps); v = find_variable ("READLINE_LINE"); - l1 = v ? value_cell (v) : 0; - if (l1 != l) - maybe_make_readline_line (value_cell (v)); + maybe_make_readline_line (v ? value_cell (v) : 0); + v = find_variable ("READLINE_POINT"); if (v && legal_number (value_cell (v), &mi)) { diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 37b90d4e..66c9493a 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS bbaasshh [options] [command_string | file] CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT - Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2016 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2017 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN BBaasshh is an sshh-compatible command language interpreter that executes @@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN OOPPTTIIOONNSS All of the single-character shell options documented in the description - of the sseett builtin command can be used as options when the shell is - invoked. In addition, bbaasshh interprets the following options when it is - invoked: + of the sseett builtin command, including --oo, can be used as options when + the shell is invoked. In addition, bbaasshh interprets the following + options when it is invoked: --cc If the --cc option is present, then commands are read from the first non-option argument _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___s_t_r_i_n_g. If there are argu- @@ -1286,9 +1286,9 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- - tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- - rection. The default is ``++ ''. + execution trace. The first character of the expanded value of + PPSS44 is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate mul- + tiple levels of indirection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. @@ -2176,12 +2176,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and - quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not per- - formed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline - appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor _n if - _n is specified). + The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, + command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- + name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is + supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on + its standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified). DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss The redirection operator @@ -2189,22 +2188,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2212,7 +2211,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2220,7 +2219,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2228,81 +2227,102 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- - mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- - able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put - alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- + able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put + alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical - between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the - function and its caller. + function and its caller. If a variable is declared llooccaall, the vari- + able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children + (including the functions it calls). Local variables "shadow" variables + with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local + variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same + name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving + the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global + variable is once again visible. + + The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility + within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their + values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- + cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a + function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether + that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is + also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the + value that is restored when the function returns. + + For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, + and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from + within _f_u_n_c_2 will resolve to the local variable _v_a_r from _f_u_n_c_1, shadow- + ing any global variable named _v_a_r. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that @@ -2499,7 +2519,9 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive - or negative integers. + or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and + _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC + EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following @@ -2836,9 +2858,11 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh allows these prompt - strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped - special characters that are decoded as follows: + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as + described above before tracing each command when the --xx option is + enabled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by insert- + ing a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded + as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") @@ -3369,6 +3393,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. + pprreevviioouuss--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than + one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of + the prompt plus the screen width. + nneexxtt--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect + if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is + not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without @@ -5989,4 +6025,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 4.4 2017 February 1 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.4 2017 March 22 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index c6fc1c88..12f263ea 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Mon Mar 13 12:04:35 EDT 2017 +.\" Last Change: Wed Mar 22 15:35:08 EDT 2017 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2017 March 13" "GNU Bash 4.4" +.TH BASH 1 "2017 March 22" "GNU Bash 4.4" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -2673,10 +2673,12 @@ special parameters \fI@\fP and \fI*\fP within double quotes. The .B unset builtin is used to destroy arrays. \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP] -destroys the array element at index \fIsubscript\fP. +destroys the array element at index \fIsubscript\fP, +for both indexed and associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. +Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable. \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array, or \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP], where \fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, removes the entire array. @@ -4244,6 +4246,42 @@ Variables local to the function may be declared with the .B local builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. +If a variable is declared \fBlocal\fP, the variable's visible scope +is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions +it calls). +Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at +previous scopes. +For instance, a local variable declared in a function +hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments +refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. +When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. +.PP +The shell uses \fIdynamic scoping\fP to control a variable's visibility +within functions. +With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their values +are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused execution +to reach the current function. +The value of a variable that a function sees depends +on its value within its caller, if any, whether that caller is +the "global" scope or another shell function. +This is also the value that a local variable +declaration "shadows", and the value that is restored when the function +returns. +.PP +For example, if a variable \fIvar\fP is declared as local in function +\fIfunc1\fP, and \fIfunc1\fP calls another function \fIfunc2\fP, +references to \fIvar\fP made from within \fIfunc2\fP will resolve to the +local variable \fIvar\fP from \fIfunc1\fP, shadowing any global variable +named \fIvar\fP. +.PP +The \fBunset\fP builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a +variable is local to the current scope, \fBunset\fP will unset it; +otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope +as described above. +If a variable at the local scope is unset, it will remain so +until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. +If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, any instance of a +variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. .PP The \fBFUNCNEST\fP variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index a9d01e93..c602ace7 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2017 February 1BASH(1) +BASH(1)2017 March 22BASH(1)

Index @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell

COPYRIGHT

-Bash is Copyright © 1989-2016 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Bash is Copyright © 1989-2017 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.  

DESCRIPTION

@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.

OPTIONS

All of the single-character shell options documented in the -description of the set builtin command can be used as options -when the shell is invoked. +description of the set builtin command, including -o, +can be used as options when the shell is invoked. In addition, bash interprets the following options when it is invoked:

@@ -3095,6 +3095,7 @@ and the value is printed before each command bash displays during an execution trace. The first character of +the expanded value of PS4 @@ -5116,7 +5117,7 @@ A variant of here documents, the format is:

The word undergoes -brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, +tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, @@ -5420,6 +5421,35 @@ Variables local to the function may be declared with the builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. +If a variable is declared local, the variable's visible scope +is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions +it calls). +Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at +previous scopes. +For instance, a local variable declared in a function +hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments +refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. +When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. +

+ +The shell uses dynamic scoping to control a variable's visibility +within functions. +With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their values +are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused execution +to reach the current function. +The value of a variable that a function sees depends +on its value within its caller, if any, whether that caller is +the "global" scope or another shell function. +This is also the value that a local variable +declaration "shadows", and the value that is restored when the function +returns. +

+ +For example, if a variable var is declared as local in function +func1, and func1 calls another function func2, +references to var made from within func2 will resolve to the +local variable var from func1, shadowing any global variable +named var.

The FUNCNEST variable, if set to a numeric value greater @@ -5823,6 +5853,17 @@ and arg2 may be positive or negative integers. +When used with the [[ command, +Arg1 + +and +Arg2 + +are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see +ARITHMETIC EVALUATION + + +above).   @@ -6532,11 +6573,20 @@ when it needs more input to complete a command. Bash displays -PS0 +PS0 + after it reads a command but before executing it. Bash +displays +PS4 + + +as described above +before tracing each command when the -x option is enabled. +Bash + allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows:

@@ -7641,6 +7691,21 @@ Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. +
previous-screen-line + +
+Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not +greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. +
next-screen-line + +
+Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next +physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect if the current +Readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length +of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt +plus the screen width.
clear-screen (C-l)
@@ -13649,7 +13714,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-
GNU Bash 4.42017 February 1BASH(1) +GNU Bash 4.42017 March 22BASH(1)
@@ -13755,6 +13820,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 01 February 2017 09:18:17 EST +Time: 22 March 2017 16:12:40 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 0a12f398..ff4e58ea 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.3 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 1 February 2017). +Bash shell (version 4.4, 22 March 2017). - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 1 February 2017, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 22 March 2017, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Copyright (C) 1988-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 4.4, 1 February 2017). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 4.4, 22 March 2017). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 4.4, last updated 1 February 2017, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 4.4, last updated 22 March 2017, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -1210,7 +1210,47 @@ last command executed before the 'return'. Variables local to the function may be declared with the 'local' builtin. These variables are visible only to the function and the -commands it invokes. +commands it invokes. This is particularly important when a shell +function calls other functions. + + Local variables "shadow" variables with the same name declared at +previous scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function +hides a global variable of the same name: references and assignments +refer to the local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. +When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. + + The shell uses DYNAMIC SCOPING to control a variable's visibility +within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their +values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused +execution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a +function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether +that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is +also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the +value that is restored when the function returns. + + For example, if a variable VAR is declared as local in function +FUNC1, and FUNC1 calls another function FUNC2, references to VAR made +from within FUNC2 will resolve to the local variable VAR from FUNC1, +shadowing any global variable named VAR. + + The following script demonstrates this behavior. When executed, the +script displays + + In func2, var = func1 local + + func1() + { + local var='func1 local' + func2 + } + + func2() + { + echo "In func2, var = $var" + } + + var=global + func1 Function names and definitions may be listed with the '-f' option to the 'declare' ('typeset') builtin command (*note Bash Builtins::). The @@ -2354,12 +2394,11 @@ fashion. A variant of here documents, the format is: [N]<<< WORD - The WORD undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and -variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and -quote removal. Pathname expansion and word splitting are not performed. -The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to -the command on its standard input (or file descriptor N if N is -specified). + The WORD undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, +command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Pathname +expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is supplied +as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its +standard input (or file descriptor N if N is specified). 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors ---------------------------------- @@ -4687,7 +4726,8 @@ In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable. that are expanded before 'PS1' is displayed. 'PS2' - The secondary prompt string. The default value is '> '. + The secondary prompt string. The default value is '> '. 'PS2' is + expanded in the same way as 'PS1' before being displayed.  File: bash.info, Node: Bash Variables, Prev: Bourne Shell Variables, Up: Shell Variables @@ -5254,10 +5294,12 @@ Variables::). with '#? ' 'PS4' - The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed - when the '-x' option is set (*note The Set Builtin::). The first - character of 'PS4' is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to - indicate multiple levels of indirection. The default is '+ '. + The value of this parameter is expanded like PS1 and the expanded + value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed when + the '-x' option is set (*note The Set Builtin::). The first + character of the expanded value is replicated multiple times, as + necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection. The default + is '+ '. 'PWD' The current working directory as set by the 'cd' builtin. @@ -5714,8 +5756,10 @@ several ways. 3. Bash expands and displays 'PS1' before reading the first line of a command, and expands and displays 'PS2' before reading the second - and subsequent lines of a multi-line command. Bash displays 'PS0' - after it reads a command but before executing it. + and subsequent lines of a multi-line command. Bash expands and + displays 'PS0' after it reads a command but before executing it. + See *note Controlling the Prompt::, for a complete list of prompt + string escape sequences. 4. Bash executes the value of the 'PROMPT_COMMAND' variable as a command before printing the primary prompt, '$PS1' (*note Bash @@ -5920,7 +5964,9 @@ link itself. arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to ARG2, respectively. ARG1 and ARG2 may be - positive or negative integers. + positive or negative integers. When used with the '[[' command, + ARG1 and ARG2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (*note Shell + Arithmetic::).  File: bash.info, Node: Shell Arithmetic, Next: Aliases, Prev: Bash Conditional Expressions, Up: Bash Features @@ -6281,7 +6327,7 @@ non-null value, then the value is executed just as if it had been typed on the command line. In addition, the following table describes the special characters -which can appear in the prompt variables 'PS1' to 'PS4': +which can appear in the prompt variables 'PS0', 'PS1', 'PS2', and 'PS4': '\a' A bell character. @@ -7854,6 +7900,20 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: B Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. +'previous-screen-line ()' + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if point is not greater than the length of the + prompt plus the screen width. + +'next-screen-line ()' + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect + if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is not + greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. + 'clear-screen (C-l)' Clear the screen and redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. @@ -9737,7 +9797,7 @@ unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support. '--enable-prompt-string-decoding' Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped - characters in the '$PS1', '$PS2', '$PS3', and '$PS4' prompt + characters in the '$PS0', '$PS1', '$PS2', and '$PS4' prompt strings. See *note Controlling the Prompt::, for a complete list of prompt string escape sequences. @@ -11019,17 +11079,17 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 53) * PS3: Bash Variables. (line 559) * PS4: Bash Variables. (line 564) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 570) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 573) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 578) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 582) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 586) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 572) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 575) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 580) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 584) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 588) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 589) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 595) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 600) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 609) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 591) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 597) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 602) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 611) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11040,10 +11100,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 297) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 614) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 652) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 664) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 668) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 616) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 654) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 666) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 670) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11083,7 +11143,7 @@ D.4 Function Index (line 42) * character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands. (line 47) -* clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. (line 34) +* clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving. (line 48) * complete (): Commands For Completion. (line 6) * complete-command (M-!): Commands For Completion. @@ -11179,6 +11239,7 @@ D.4 Function Index (line 38) * next-history (C-n): Commands For History. (line 17) +* next-screen-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 41) * non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History. (line 41) * non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History. @@ -11202,11 +11263,12 @@ D.4 Function Index (line 19) * previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. (line 13) +* previous-screen-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 34) * print-last-kbd-macro (): Keyboard Macros. (line 17) * quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. (line 26) * re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands. (line 6) -* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 38) +* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 52) * reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History. (line 27) * revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands. @@ -11410,134 +11472,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top895 -Node: Introduction2813 -Node: What is Bash?3029 -Node: What is a shell?4143 -Node: Definitions6681 -Node: Basic Shell Features9632 -Node: Shell Syntax10851 -Node: Shell Operation11877 -Node: Quoting13170 -Node: Escape Character14470 -Node: Single Quotes14955 -Node: Double Quotes15303 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16581 -Node: Locale Translation17834 -Node: Comments18730 -Node: Shell Commands19348 -Node: Simple Commands20220 -Node: Pipelines20851 -Node: Lists23594 -Node: Compound Commands25323 -Node: Looping Constructs26326 -Node: Conditional Constructs28789 -Node: Command Grouping39711 -Node: Coprocesses41190 -Node: GNU Parallel43022 -Node: Shell Functions46995 -Node: Shell Parameters52201 -Node: Positional Parameters56614 -Node: Special Parameters57514 -Node: Shell Expansions60851 -Node: Brace Expansion62945 -Node: Tilde Expansion65779 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion68127 -Node: Command Substitution82259 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion83614 -Node: Process Substitution84546 -Node: Word Splitting85666 -Node: Filename Expansion87610 -Node: Pattern Matching89984 -Node: Quote Removal93970 -Node: Redirections94265 -Node: Executing Commands103839 -Node: Simple Command Expansion104509 -Node: Command Search and Execution106439 -Node: Command Execution Environment108775 -Node: Environment111759 -Node: Exit Status113418 -Node: Signals115088 -Node: Shell Scripts117055 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands119570 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins121604 -Node: Bash Builtins142204 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170849 -Node: The Set Builtin171194 -Node: The Shopt Builtin181607 -Node: Special Builtins197505 -Node: Shell Variables198484 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables198921 -Node: Bash Variables200952 -Node: Bash Features230660 -Node: Invoking Bash231559 -Node: Bash Startup Files237508 -Node: Interactive Shells242611 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?243021 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?243670 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior244485 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions247860 -Node: Shell Arithmetic252100 -Node: Aliases254917 -Node: Arrays257465 -Node: The Directory Stack262549 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins263333 -Node: Controlling the Prompt266301 -Node: The Restricted Shell269047 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode270872 -Node: Job Control281223 -Node: Job Control Basics281683 -Node: Job Control Builtins286651 -Node: Job Control Variables291378 -Node: Command Line Editing292534 -Node: Introduction and Notation294205 -Node: Readline Interaction295828 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials297019 -Node: Readline Movement Commands298802 -Node: Readline Killing Commands299762 -Node: Readline Arguments301680 -Node: Searching302724 -Node: Readline Init File304910 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax306057 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs326244 -Node: Sample Init File328769 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands331886 -Node: Commands For Moving333090 -Node: Commands For History334233 -Node: Commands For Text338528 -Node: Commands For Killing341917 -Node: Numeric Arguments344398 -Node: Commands For Completion345537 -Node: Keyboard Macros349728 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands350415 -Node: Readline vi Mode356291 -Node: Programmable Completion357198 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins364659 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example374545 -Node: Using History Interactively379797 -Node: Bash History Facilities380481 -Node: Bash History Builtins383482 -Node: History Interaction387774 -Node: Event Designators390738 -Node: Word Designators391957 -Node: Modifiers393594 -Node: Installing Bash394996 -Node: Basic Installation396133 -Node: Compilers and Options398824 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures399565 -Node: Installation Names401228 -Node: Specifying the System Type402046 -Node: Sharing Defaults402762 -Node: Operation Controls403435 -Node: Optional Features404393 -Node: Reporting Bugs414919 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell416113 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License432965 -Node: Indexes458142 -Node: Builtin Index458596 -Node: Reserved Word Index465423 -Node: Variable Index467871 -Node: Function Index483549 -Node: Concept Index496706 +Node: Top891 +Node: Introduction2805 +Node: What is Bash?3021 +Node: What is a shell?4135 +Node: Definitions6673 +Node: Basic Shell Features9624 +Node: Shell Syntax10843 +Node: Shell Operation11869 +Node: Quoting13162 +Node: Escape Character14462 +Node: Single Quotes14947 +Node: Double Quotes15295 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16573 +Node: Locale Translation17826 +Node: Comments18722 +Node: Shell Commands19340 +Node: Simple Commands20212 +Node: Pipelines20843 +Node: Lists23586 +Node: Compound Commands25315 +Node: Looping Constructs26318 +Node: Conditional Constructs28781 +Node: Command Grouping39703 +Node: Coprocesses41182 +Node: GNU Parallel43014 +Node: Shell Functions46987 +Node: Shell Parameters53696 +Node: Positional Parameters58109 +Node: Special Parameters59009 +Node: Shell Expansions62346 +Node: Brace Expansion64440 +Node: Tilde Expansion67274 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion69622 +Node: Command Substitution83754 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion85109 +Node: Process Substitution86041 +Node: Word Splitting87161 +Node: Filename Expansion89105 +Node: Pattern Matching91479 +Node: Quote Removal95465 +Node: Redirections95760 +Node: Executing Commands105318 +Node: Simple Command Expansion105988 +Node: Command Search and Execution107918 +Node: Command Execution Environment110254 +Node: Environment113238 +Node: Exit Status114897 +Node: Signals116567 +Node: Shell Scripts118534 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands121049 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins123083 +Node: Bash Builtins143683 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior172328 +Node: The Set Builtin172673 +Node: The Shopt Builtin183086 +Node: Special Builtins198984 +Node: Shell Variables199963 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables200400 +Node: Bash Variables202504 +Node: Bash Features232297 +Node: Invoking Bash233196 +Node: Bash Startup Files239145 +Node: Interactive Shells244248 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?244658 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?245307 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior246122 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions249610 +Node: Shell Arithmetic253976 +Node: Aliases256793 +Node: Arrays259341 +Node: The Directory Stack264425 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins265209 +Node: Controlling the Prompt268177 +Node: The Restricted Shell270939 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode272764 +Node: Job Control283115 +Node: Job Control Basics283575 +Node: Job Control Builtins288543 +Node: Job Control Variables293270 +Node: Command Line Editing294426 +Node: Introduction and Notation296097 +Node: Readline Interaction297720 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials298911 +Node: Readline Movement Commands300694 +Node: Readline Killing Commands301654 +Node: Readline Arguments303572 +Node: Searching304616 +Node: Readline Init File306802 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax307949 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs328136 +Node: Sample Init File330661 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands333778 +Node: Commands For Moving334982 +Node: Commands For History336831 +Node: Commands For Text341126 +Node: Commands For Killing344515 +Node: Numeric Arguments346996 +Node: Commands For Completion348135 +Node: Keyboard Macros352326 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands353013 +Node: Readline vi Mode358889 +Node: Programmable Completion359796 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins367257 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example377143 +Node: Using History Interactively382395 +Node: Bash History Facilities383079 +Node: Bash History Builtins386080 +Node: History Interaction390372 +Node: Event Designators393336 +Node: Word Designators394555 +Node: Modifiers396192 +Node: Installing Bash397594 +Node: Basic Installation398731 +Node: Compilers and Options401422 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures402163 +Node: Installation Names403826 +Node: Specifying the System Type404644 +Node: Sharing Defaults405360 +Node: Operation Controls406033 +Node: Optional Features406991 +Node: Reporting Bugs417517 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell418711 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License435563 +Node: Indexes460740 +Node: Builtin Index461194 +Node: Reserved Word Index468021 +Node: Variable Index470469 +Node: Function Index486147 +Node: Concept Index499450  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 03623ea8..a971a7ac 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index f933e5f3..7dee5f9d 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Wed Feb 1 09:18:06 2017 +%%CreationDate: Wed Mar 22 16:11:15 2017 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 -%%Pages: 78 +%%Pages: 79 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ BP 108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [command_string | \214le])2.5 E F1 (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q -(yright \251 1989-2016 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E +(yright \251 1989-2017 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 @@ -257,19 +257,19 @@ BP ell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX)3.027 F (speci\214cation \(IEEE Standard 1003.1\).)108 223.2 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0 (can be con\214gured to be POSIX-conformant by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .766(All of the single-character shell options doc\ -umented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)3.266 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.266 G .766(iltin command can be).2 F 1.284 -(used as options when the shell is in)108 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.785(d. 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Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 684 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F -1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 696 R(vity)-.25 E -3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 708 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(30)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +.326(\214le and line number)108 708 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 720 R 1.598 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.798 E F0 +1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E F2 -A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 -E F2(++)108 108 Q F1(id)A F22.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 120 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 132 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 132 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0 -(multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 -180 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 180 Q F2(<< >>)108 192 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 192 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 204 Q F0 -(comparison)144 216 Q F2(== !=)108 228 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 -228 Q F2(&)108 240 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 240 Q F2(^)108 252 Q F0 -(bitwise e)144 252 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108 -264 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 264 Q F2(&&)108 276 Q F0(logical AND)144 276 Q -F2(||)108 288 Q F0(logical OR)144 288 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2 -(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 312 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 324 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 -(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 336 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 348 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68 -(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .16 +(deleted using the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.66 E F0 .16 +(option to the)2.66 F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661 +(iltin. Note).2 F .161(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161 +(ariables with the same name)-.25 F 1.325 +(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 96 R +1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 108 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 +(Functions may be recursi)108 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +-5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 136.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 148.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 +165.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +(The shell allo)108 177.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 +(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 189.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 +(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) +2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 201.6 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F +1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 213.6 R(vity)-.25 E +3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 225.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) +5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 237.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +254.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25(va)144 266.4 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 278.4 Q F3(id) +A F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 290.4 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 302.4 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 302.4 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 314.4 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 314.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +326.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 326.4 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 338.4 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 338.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> +108 350.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 350.4 Q F1(<< >>)108 362.4 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 362.4 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 374.4 Q F0 +(comparison)144 386.4 Q F1(== !=)108 398.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 398.4 Q F1(&)108 410.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 410.4 Q F1(^)108 422.4 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 422.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) +108 434.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 434.4 Q F1(&&)108 446.4 Q F0(logical AND) +144 446.4 Q F1(||)108 458.4 Q F0(logical OR)144 458.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 +470.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 482.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 494.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 506.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 518.4 S +(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 530.4 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 547.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 559.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G -1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 -E F1(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F2(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 -(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E -1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -465.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 -G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1 -(base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 -501.6 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 -(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 -(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) -3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 571.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 +(using the parameter e)108 583.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 595.2 R 1.389 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) +-3.889 E F3(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 +(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) +3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 607.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 +(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 +-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 619.2 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 636 R +3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 648 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +(he form [)-2.612 F F3(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) +2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 660 R F3(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F3(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 672 +R F3(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 +(@, and _, in that order)108 684 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F3(base) +3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q -.235(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 696 Q .234 +(Operators are e)108 712.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77 -(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 607.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 -(handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 -(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 -(re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 -(the operating system on which)108 619.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 -(is running pro)2.693 F .193 -(vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F -.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 631.2 R .589 -(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 643.2 Q -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.917(,t)C .417(hen \214le descriptor)-2.917 F F1(n) -2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 -(\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.916 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 655.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 -(/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 -(Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 672 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 684 Q -1.096(When used with)108 702 R F2([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E -F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 -E F2(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 724.8 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 -S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 -96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1108 108 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1108 -120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1108 132 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re) -.15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S(ue if).35 -E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) -.15 E F1108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 -216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1 -108 228 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E -F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1108 240 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1 -108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1108 264 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1108 -276 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 288 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 -108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 84 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 96 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2 +(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255 +(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 108 R .77 +(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 120 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 +(handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 +(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 +(re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 +(the operating system on which)108 132 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 +(is running pro)2.693 F .193 +(vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F +.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 144 R .589 +(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.089 E F0 +(ar)3.089 E .589(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F3 +(/de)108 156 Q(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor) +-2.916 F F3(n)2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the) +2.917 E F3(\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F3(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)108 168 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3 +(/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) +108 184.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 196.8 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 214.8 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 +E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +226.8 Q F2108 250.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 250.8 S +(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 +262.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 262.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 +274.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 274.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2 +108 286.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 286.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 +108 298.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 298.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 310.8 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 310.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 322.8 +Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 322.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 334.8 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 334.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 346.8 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 346.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G +(it is set.)-2.5 E F2108 358.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +358.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2108 370.8 Q F3(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 370.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 382.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 382.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2108 394.8 Q F3(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 394.8 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F3(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 406.8 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 406.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2108 +418.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 418.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 430.8 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 430.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2108 +442.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 442.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 454.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 454.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 466.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 466.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F2 +108 478.8 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 478.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1108 324 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1 -(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 360 Q F02.5 E F1(nt) -A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 -(\214le1)108 384 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 408 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 -(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 -(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 -E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 -468 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the shell v).35 E -(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1108 492 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 504 S -(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 516 Q F1108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S -(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 556.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 568.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .862 -(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 -592.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 621.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 633.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 650.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 662.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E -F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(32)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 490.8 Q F3 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 490.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F3(\214le1)108 502.8 Q F2 +(\255ef)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 514.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F3(\214le1)108 526.8 Q F02.5 E F2 +(nt)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 538.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 +E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F3 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3 +(\214le1)108 550.8 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +562.8 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F3(\214le2) +2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2108 574.8 Q +F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 +F F3(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 598.8 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 610.8 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 622.8 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname) +2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F2 +108 634.8 Q F3(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if the shell v) +.35 E(ariable)-.25 E F3(varname)2.79 E F0 +(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F2108 658.8 Q F3(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 670.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.5 E +F0(is zero.)2.5 E F3(string)108 682.8 Q F2108 694.8 Q F3(string) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 706.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.84 E +F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(32) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 -E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 96 Q F0 .385 -(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 -(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 -2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 -(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.884 E -(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ -qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1(ar)144 -120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) --.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 -(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614 -(When a simple command is e)108 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(==)2.5 E F1 +(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 96 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 108 S .861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 120 +R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(string1)108 148.8 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 160.8 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 177.6 Q F2(<)2.5 +E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 189.6 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E +F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 +E(.)-.65 E F1(string1)108 206.4 Q F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 218.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 +235.2 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 247.2 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A +F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 +(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1 +(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 259.2 +R F1(ar)144 271.2 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar) +3.919 E(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H +3.589(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H +(nte).15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E +F0(command,)144 283.2 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 +E(g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 +(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 295.2 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF +(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 312 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(When a simple command is e)108 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 160.8 Q(1.)108 177.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 177.6 R 1.848 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +108 336 Q(1.)108 352.8 Q 1.849(The w)144 352.8 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 206.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 206.4 R -1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 -218.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 381.6 Q 1.163(The w)144 381.6 R +1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 +393.6 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 230.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 247.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 247.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 405.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 422.4 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 264 Q .717(The te)144 264 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 -.717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 +108 439.2 Q .716(The te)144 439.2 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 +E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 276 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 451.2 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 288 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 304.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 463.2 Q +.332(If no command name results, the v)108 480 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 316.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 492 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 328.8 -R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 340.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 357.6 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 369.6 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 504 R +(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 516 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 386.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -398.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 410.4 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 422.4 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 439.2 Q F0 -.546(After a command has been split into w)108 451.2 R .547 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 463.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 480 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 492 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 -(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 -E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 504 Q 2.5 +108 667.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G +.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS) +2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 520.8 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 532.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 -544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 -(search of the directories in)108 556.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) -2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ -es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 568.8 R F2(command_not_f) -3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 580.8 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G -.277(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 592.8 R .776 -(guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 -(xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F -.775(If that function is not)5.775 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 604.8 -Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ -e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 621.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e) -108 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 -F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 645.6 Q -(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 662.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 -(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 -(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 674.4 R F1 .678 -(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 -(le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 686.4 R .329 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 698.4 R 1.219 -(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F2(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F3 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 710.4 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F5(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E 1.374 -(If the program is a \214le be)108 727.2 R 1.374(ginning with)-.15 F F2 -(#!)3.874 E F0 3.874(,t)C 1.374 -(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the) --3.874 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.993 -(program. The)108 84 R 1.493(shell e)3.993 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.493(cutes\ - the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not handle th\ -is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .002(cutable format themselv)108 96 R -2.503(es. The)-.15 F(ar)2.503 E .003 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F .003 -(gument follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E .297 -(the interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 108 -R .296(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F .296(wed by the)-.25 -F(command ar)108 120 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 136.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 -(The shell has an)108 148.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G -(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C -(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 165.6 Q 1.405 -(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 165.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 177.6 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 -194.4 Q(the current w)144 194.4 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F3 -(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3(popd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation).2 E<83>108 211.2 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 -211.2 Q F3(umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 -G(arent)-2.5 E<83>108 228 Q(current traps set by)144 228 Q F3(trap)2.5 E -F0<83>108 244.8 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 244.8 R -.256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F3(set)2.756 E F0 .256 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 256.8 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 273.6 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 273.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) +3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F +.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ + a de\214ned shell function named)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(command_not_f)3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 5.278(.I)C +2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 +(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 120 R .775 +(guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 +(xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F +.776(If that function is not)5.776 F +(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 132 Q +(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if the\ + command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 148.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e)108 +160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F +.198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 172.8 Q +(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 189.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 +(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 +(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 201.6 R/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +(le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 213.6 R .33 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 +(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 225.6 R 1.219 +(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) +-.15 F F2(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F1 +(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 237.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348 +(If the program is a \214le be)108 254.4 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F2 +(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(he remainder of the \214rst line speci\ +\214es an interpreter for the pro-)-2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 266.4 R +.678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpre\ +ter on operating systems that do not handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv)108 278.4 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F +(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 +(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 290.4 R +1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 +F(command ar)108 302.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F5 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 319.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 331.2 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E +(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 +E<83>108 348 Q 1.406(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 348 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G 1.405 +(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F2(exec) +3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 360 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 376.8 Q(the current w)144 +376.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(pushd)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G +(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E<83>108 +393.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 393.6 Q F2(umask)2.5 +E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.5 E<83> +108 410.4 Q(current traps set by)144 410.4 Q F2(trap)2.5 E F0<83>108 +427.2 Q .256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 427.2 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F2(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E +(in the en)144 439.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 456 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 456 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 290.4 Q -(options enabled at in)144 290.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) -.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F3(set) -2.5 E F0<83>108 307.2 Q(options enabled by)144 307.2 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 324 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 324 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 340.8 Q -.25(va)144 340.8 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 472.8 Q +(options enabled at in)144 472.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F2(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 489.6 Q(options enabled by)144 489.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 506.4 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 506.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E +F0<83>108 523.2 Q -.25(va)144 523.2 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E -(alue of)-.25 E F3($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 357.6 R .427 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 369.6 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +(alue of)-.25 E F2($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E +F1(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 540 R +.426(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 552 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 381.6 Q<83>108 398.4 Q 1.055(the shell')144 398.4 R -3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G -1.056 +.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 564 Q<83>108 580.8 Q 1.056(the shell')144 580.8 R 3.556 +(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 410.4 Q<83>108 427.2 Q(the current w)144 427.2 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 444 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -444 Q<83>108 460.8 Q .857(shell v)144 460.8 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 592.8 Q<83>108 609.6 Q(the current w)144 609.6 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 626.4 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +626.4 Q<83>108 643.2 Q .856(shell v)144 643.2 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 472.8 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 489.6 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 489.6 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G -.307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 -501.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 518.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 -(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 655.2 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 672 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 +672 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 684 Q +2.5(Ac)108 700.8 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 535.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 547.2 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 559.2 R .358 -(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 571.2 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 583.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -600 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 -(cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F33.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 612 R(not in)2.5 E F2(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0 -(clears the)2.5 E F32.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404 -(If a command is follo)108 628.8 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.904 E F0 -.405(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G -.405(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 -(is the empty \214le)108 640.8 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198 -(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) -.1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) --2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 652.8 Q F1(ENVIR)72 669.6 Q -(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 681.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25 -(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 693.6 Q -F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 710.4 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 722.4 Q 1.431(viro\ -nment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically markin\ -g it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)3.931 G(port).2 E F0 1.431(to child)4.611 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 717.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 729.6 S .245(ubshell en) +-2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 4.178 -(processes. Ex)108 84 R 1.678(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -4.178(vironment. The)-.4 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)4.177 E F0(and) -4.177 E F1(declar)4.177 E 4.177<65ad>-.18 G(x)-4.177 E F0 1.677 -(commands allo)4.177 F(w)-.25 E .646 -(parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 96 -R 3.147(vironment. If)-.4 F .647(the v)3.147 F .647 -(alue of a parameter in)-.25 F .514(the en)108 108 R .513 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.013(wv)-.25 G .513 -(alue becomes part of the en)-3.263 F .513 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .513(The en)5.513 F(vi-)-.4 E .522 -(ronment inherited by an)108 120 R 3.022(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.172 G .522 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.022(si)-.55 G .522 -(nitial en)-3.022 F .522(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .523(alues may)-.25 F -.579(be modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 132 R 3.078(yp)-.15 G .578 -(airs remo)-3.078 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(db).15 G 3.078(yt)-3.078 G(he) --3.078 E F1(unset)3.078 E F0 .578(command, plus an)3.078 F 3.078(ya)-.15 -G .578(dditions via the)-3.078 F F1(export)3.078 E F0(and)108 144 Q F1 -(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en) -108 160.8 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .358 +(reset to the v)108 84 R .358 +(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 96 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 108 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 +124.8 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +(cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent) +3.877 F 2.5(shell. 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On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 247.2 Q .144(viron\ +ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 259.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 271.2 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 283.2 Q .64 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 +(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 295.2 +R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 +(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 307.2 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) +108 319.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +336 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command)3.403 +F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 172.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 348 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 184.8 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 201.6 R F1 -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 213.6 Q +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 360 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +-.4 E .81(If the)108 376.8 R F13.31 E F0 .81 +(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 +(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 +(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 388.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 230.4 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) --3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-.4 E(When)108 405.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 242.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 259.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 -(The e)108 271.2 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151 -(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 283.2 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F +(passed to that command in its en)108 417.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 +(EXIT ST)72 434.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 446.4 R +.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 458.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 295.2 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G -.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 470.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -307.2 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 324 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 -(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 336 R 2.548(An) -5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 348 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +482.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 499.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 +(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 511.2 R 2.549(An) +5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 523.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 364.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 376.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 393.6 +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 540 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 552 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 568.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 410.4 R .08 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 585.6 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 422.4 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 -(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 597.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +-.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 434.4 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F1(Bash)108 451.2 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 463.2 +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 609.6 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F1(Bash)108 626.4 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 638.4 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 -(SIGN)72 480 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 492 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 -(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G -.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0) -3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 504 Q .757 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F -F1(bash)108 516 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 +(SIGN)72 655.2 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 667.2 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 +(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G +.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0) +3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 679.2 Q .758 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +F1(bash)108 691.2 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 (If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 -E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 532.8 Q 1.065 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -544.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 556.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 568.8 Q F3 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 585.6 R 2.045 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 597.6 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 609.6 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 621.6 R F1(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(SIGHUP)108 633.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 650.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -662.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 679.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F -.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 691.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 703.2 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ -eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 -(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 715.2 Q -(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) -141.79 E(35)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 708 Q 1.064 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 4.948(parent. When)108 720 +R 2.447(job control is not in ef)4.948 F 2.447 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)4.947 E F0(and) +4.697 E F4(SIGQ)4.947 E(UIT)-.09 E F0(in)4.697 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 84 Q(OL)-.329 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF --.25(Jo)108 96 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 108 Q F2 --.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.022 +(addition to these inherited handlers.)108 84 R 1.023 +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)6.022 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E(board-generated job control signals)108 96 Q/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTTIN)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(SIGTT)2.25 E +(OU)-.162 E F2(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F1(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.046 +(The shell e)108 112.8 R 2.046(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045 +(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F1(SIGHUP)4.545 E F2(.)A F0 2.045 +(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F1(SIGHUP)108 124.8 Q F0 1.004 +(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent) +6.004 F F1(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr) +-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F1(SIGHUP)108 136.8 +Q F2(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shel\ +l from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G .929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356 +(jobs table with the)108 148.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)3.856 E(wn) +-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F1 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F +(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E 1.357 +(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(SIGHUP)108 160.8 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 177.6 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F1(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 +189.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 206.4 Q F3(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 218.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +(via the)108 230.4 R F3(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F3 +(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F +(return immediately with an e)108 242.4 Q +(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 +259.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 271.2 S 4.568(bc) +.25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068(refers to the ability to selecti) +5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t) +C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.067 +(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 283.2 Q F5 -.37(re)C +(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 120 Q(ernel')-.1 E -2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 -136.8 R F2(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k) -5.784 F .785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 148.8 R F3 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. 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When)2.84 F F3(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F5(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 336 Q +(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 352.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ +mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ +ciated)108 369.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 381.6 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 218.4 Q F2(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 235.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 247.2 R F2(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 393.6 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 +(To f)108 410.4 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.87(notion of a)108 422.4 R F5(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -259.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E -(INT)108 271.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F2(for)3.846 E -.4(eg) --.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F2(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) --.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 -(group ID dif)108 283.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 295.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +434.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 446.4 Q +F2(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F5(for) +3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.927 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 +F .146(group ID dif)108 458.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 470.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 307.2 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 319.2 R F4 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 -G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 331.2 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 348 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 360 S -.302(ping the).8 F F2(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 482.4 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 494.4 R F1 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 506.4 Q 1.088 +(If the operating system on which)108 523.2 R F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 +(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 535.2 S +.301(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) +3.571 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 372 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 -7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ -mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 384 -R(to)108 396 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 547.2 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F3(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 +559.2 R(to)108 571.2 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 408 R F3(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F3(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F3(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 420 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25 -F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 +(background, the)108 583.2 R F3(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F3(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F3(^Z) +3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 595.2 Q .949(fect immediately) +-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 432 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 448.8 R .777 +108 607.2 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 624 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 460.8 -Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 636 Q +F5(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F5(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 484.8 Q F3(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 -E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +108 648 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F3(%ce)3.09 E F0 +.59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 660 Q F3(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 E +5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F3(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F3(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 496.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 +(hand, refers to an)108 672 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F3(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 508.8 Q F3 -(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 684 Q F3(bash) +2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 (he symbols)-5.018 F F3(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F3(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 520.8 R .495 +F5(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) +-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 696 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 532.8 R F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F3 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 544.8 R F3 +(The)5.495 E F5(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 +(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 708 R F3<25ad>3.288 E F0 5.788 +(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F3(%+) +3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F3<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E +.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 720 R F3 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 556.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F32.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 -(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 -(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 568.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 585.6 R -(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -597.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 609.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 626.4 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 638.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F32.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 650.4 Q F3(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F3(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 662.4 Q(xits.) --.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 679.2 R(xit)-.15 E F3(bash)2.532 E F0 -.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 -(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F3(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 691.2 R F3 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F3(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -703.2 R(The)5.458 E F3(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 715.2 R .604 -(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 -(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 727.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(36)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.757 E F0(,)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(36)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 84 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait) -3.145 E F0 -.2(bu)3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F -F1(wait)3.145 E F0(will)3.145 E .428 -(return when the job changes state. The)108 96 R F12.928 E F0 .428 -(option will force)2.928 F F1(wait)2.928 E F0 .428(to w)2.928 F .428 -(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F(before returning.)108 108 -Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 124.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e) -108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt) -3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .315 -(and the secondary prompt)108 148.8 R F3(PS2)2.815 E F0 .315 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.565 F F1(Bash)5.314 E -F0(displays)2.814 E F1(PS0)2.814 E F0(after)2.814 E .049 -(it reads a command b)108 160.8 R .049(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.049(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.049 E F0(allo)2.549 E .05 -(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting)-.25 F 2.5(an)108 -172.8 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 184.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 184.8 Q F1(\\d)144 196.8 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 196.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 208.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) -A F1(})A F0(the)180 220.8 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to) -3.927 F F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .411(and the pre) +108 84 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.911 E +F0 5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 +(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(rent job)108 96 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 112.8 R +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +124.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(equi)108 136.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 153.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 165.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 177.6 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 +(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 +.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 +189.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 206.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532 +(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 218.4 R F1 +(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +230.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 242.4 R .604 +(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 +(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E +(and an)108 254.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E +.645(When the shell is w)108 271.2 R .645 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 +(will)3.144 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 283.2 R F1 +2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F1(wait)2.928 E F0 .428 +(to w)2.928 F .428(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F +(before returning.)108 295.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 312 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 336 R F2(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F1(Bash)5.428 E +F0(displays)2.928 E F2(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 +(it reads a command b)108 348 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.038(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.537 E +F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 360 R F1 +3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) +-.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ +as follo)108 372 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 384 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 384 Q F1(\\d)144 396 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 396 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 408 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A +F1(})A F0(the)180 420 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F +F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -232.8 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 +432 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 244.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 244.8 Q F1(\\h)144 256.8 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 256.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 268.8 -Q F0(the hostname)180 268.8 Q F1(\\j)144 280.8 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 280.8 Q F1(\\l) -144 292.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 292.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 304.8 Q F0(ne)180 304.8 Q -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 316.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 316.8 Q F1(\\s) -144 328.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 328.8 Q F1($0) -2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 -(\\t)144 340.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 -340.8 Q F1(\\T)144 352.8 Q F0 -(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 352.8 Q F1(\\@)144 -364.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 364.8 Q F1(\\A) -144 376.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 376.8 Q F1 -(\\u)144 388.8 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 388.8 Q F1(\\v) -144 400.8 Q F0(the v)180 400.8 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 412.8 Q F0(the release of)180 412.8 Q -F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 424.8 Q F0 .115 -(the current w)180 424.8 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G -(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) -180 436.8 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E -F1(\\W)144 448.8 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 448.8 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0 -(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 460.8 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 460.8 Q F1(\\#)144 472.8 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 472.8 Q F1(\\$)144 484.8 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 484.8 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 496.8 Q F4 -(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 496.8 Q F4 -(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 508.8 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 508.8 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1 -(\\[)144 520.8 Q F0(be)180 520.8 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ - characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 532.8 Q F1(\\])144 544.8 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 544.8 Q .119 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 561.6 R -.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 573.6 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 585.6 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 597.6 R -.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 609.6 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 621.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E -F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E F2(READLINE)72 638.4 Q F0 .151 -(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 650.4 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 662.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 674.4 Q .851 -(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 686.4 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 -(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 698.4 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) --3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 710.4 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(37)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 444 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 444 Q F1(\\h)144 456 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 456 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 468 Q F0 +(the hostname)180 468 Q F1(\\j)144 480 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 480 Q F1(\\l)144 +492 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 492 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de) +-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 504 Q F0(ne)180 504 Q(wline)-.25 E F1 +(\\r)144 516 Q F0(carriage return)180 516 Q F1(\\s)144 528 Q F0 +(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 528 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0 +(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 +540 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 540 Q F1(\\T) +144 552 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 552 Q F1 +(\\@)144 564 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 564 Q F1 +(\\A)144 576 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 576 Q F1 +(\\u)144 588 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 588 Q F1(\\v)144 +600 Q F0(the v)180 600 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 612 Q F0(the release of)180 612 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 624 Q F0 .115(the current w) +180 624 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E F2 +($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v) +-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 636 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 +E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 648 Q F0 +(the basename of the current w)180 648 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w) +-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde) +-.25 E F1(\\!)144 660 Q F0(the history number of this command)180 660 Q +F1(\\#)144 672 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 672 Q F1(\\$) +144 684 Q F0(if the ef)180 684 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H +(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E +(\\)144 696 Q F4(nnn)A F0 +(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 696 Q F4(nnn)2.5 E +F1(\\\\)144 708 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 708 S(ackslash)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Readline Notation)87 84 Q F0 .463 -(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 96 R --.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)2.963 G .463 -(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E -F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 108 R(Similarly)6.153 -E(,)-.65 E F2(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652 +SF(\\[)144 84 Q F0(be)180 84 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing cha\ +racters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 96 Q F1(\\])144 108 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 108 Q .119 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 124.8 R +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 136.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 +E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 148.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is t\ +he position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 160.8 R +.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 172.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(description of the)108 184.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 201.6 Q F0 .151 +(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) +108 213.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 225.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 237.6 Q .851 +(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 249.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) +-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 261.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E +(emacs)108 273.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 290.4 Q +F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) +108 302.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 314.4 R +(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652 (oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke) -108 120 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G -2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F2(x)3.33 +108 326.4 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G +2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 -H .831(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 -H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 132 R F2 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F2(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 +H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 338.4 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) -3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 144 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 367.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 172.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +108 379.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 184.8 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 391.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 196.8 Q +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 403.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 213.6 R F2 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 420 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F2 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 225.6 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 -F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 432 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 237.6 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F -.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 444 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 249.6 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 266.4 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ -ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 -278.4 R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 290.4 R .196(en from the v) --.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 --.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 +108 456 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 472.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 484.8 +R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 496.8 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G +2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 302.4 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 314.4 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +nd the k)108 508.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 520.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) 6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 326.4 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 532.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 (Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 338.4 R +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 544.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 355.2 R .987(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 561.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 367.2 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 384 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 412.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 436.8 -Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G -(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 573.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 590.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 619.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +631.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 643.2 +Q F4(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4 (univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) -108 453.6 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F -F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 -(,).73 E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 465.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 -(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G -(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 482.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 +108 660 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 +-.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC) +3.761 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 +E F4(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 672 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.5 E +F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F4 +-.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 688.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 494.4 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 511.2 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 523.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 -(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 535.2 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) --.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 -547.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 -(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) -3.353 E F2(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 559.2 Q .161 -(When using the form)108 576 R F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F2(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A -F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 588 R(or e)-.15 -E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 -E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 624 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 636 Q .698(In the abo)108 652.8 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 664.8 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 -(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -676.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 693.6 R F1("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 705.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ -ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 717.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) -141.79 E(38)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 700.8 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E("\\C\255u": uni) -144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 96 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 124.8 R(xample,)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(C\255u) -2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E -F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 .314(is bound to the func-)3.544 -F(tion)108 136.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le) --.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0 -(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Readline K)87 84 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 96 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 +.366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 +(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) +108 108 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 +(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) +5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 120 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 +(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) +3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 132 Q .161(When using the form)108 148.8 R F1 +-.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 +E F2(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 +(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) +.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 160.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) +144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 196.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 208.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 225.6 R .998 -.15 +(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 237.6 Q F1 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 +(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 +249.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 266.4 R F1("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 278.4 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 290.4 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 302.4 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 338.4 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 367.2 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 379.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 +(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 153.6 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 165.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 165.6 Q F2<5c4dad>144 177.6 -Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 177.6 Q F2(\\e)144 189.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 189.6 Q F2(\\\\)144 201.6 Q F0(backslash)180 -201.6 Q F2(\\")144 213.6 Q F0(literal ")180 213.6 Q F2<5c08>144 225.6 Q -F0(literal \010)180 225.6 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ -equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 242.4 Q -.25(va)-.2 -G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 254.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 254.4 Q F2(\\b) -144 266.4 Q F0(backspace)180 266.4 Q F2(\\d)144 278.4 Q F0(delete)180 -278.4 Q F2(\\f)144 290.4 Q F0(form feed)180 290.4 Q F2(\\n)144 302.4 Q -F0(ne)180 302.4 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 314.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 -314.4 Q F2(\\t)144 326.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 326.4 Q F2(\\v)144 -338.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 338.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 350.4 Q F1 -(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 350.4 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 362.4 Q F1(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 362.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 -379.2 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 391.2 R .09 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 403.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. 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If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 189.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 201.6 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 213.6 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 225.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 237.6 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 249.6 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 +(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 261.6 Q F1(color)108 273.6 Q +(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) +144 285.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F +2.936(completions using a dif)144 297.6 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F +7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 309.6 Q +F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 321.6 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 333.6 R F1(On)4.079 E +F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) +-4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 +(type. The)144 345.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) +-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 357.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 369.6 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 381.6 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 -156 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible ma\ -tches when performing completion.)144 168 R .194(The v)144 180 R .193(a\ -lue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal screen\ - width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 192 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 204 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 216 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C -(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ -siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 240 R -F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E -(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 -(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 252 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E -.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 -(completion\255pr)108 264 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 -.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 276 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 288 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 -(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 300 S(lue are replaced with an \ -ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 312 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 324 R .529 +393.6 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ +matches when performing completion.)144 405.6 R .194(The v)144 417.6 R +.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ +screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 429.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 441.6 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 453.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ +insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 465.6 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 +477.6 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) +2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F +.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 +F(\()144 489.6 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) +-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 +H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 501.6 Q +(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ +ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ +splayed)144 513.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 525.6 R 1.274 +(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 537.6 S(lue are rep\ +laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 549.6 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 561.6 R .529 (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 336 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +144 573.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 348 R +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 585.6 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 360 S .237 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 597.6 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 372 Q F1(con)108 384 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 396 R F1(On) -3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 609.6 Q F1(con)108 +621.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 633.6 +R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 408 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F -(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 420 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +144 645.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 +F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 657.6 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 444 R F1 -(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 669.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 681.6 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 456 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 468 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 480 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 -(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +144 693.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 705.6 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 +1.21(When set to)144 717.6 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 492 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 504 Q F0 .142 -(Controls whether readline be)144 516 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 528 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 540 Q F0 .051(This string i\ -s displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when\ - emacs editing)144 552 R .293(mode is acti)144 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.293(.T).15 G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293 -(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793(eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 576 -Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 -(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 588 R -(the mode string.)144 600 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 612 Q -(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221(When set to)144 624 R F1(On)3.721 -E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w) --3.721 F 1.221(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 636 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 648 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 -(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 660 Q F1(enable\255k)108 672 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 -(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 696 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(40)190.95 E 0 -Cg EP +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 729.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 +G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(40)193.45 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(enable\255meta\255k)108 84 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64(When set to)144 -96 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F -3.14(ym)-.15 G .64(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 108 Q +SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 120 Q F0 .051(Thi\ +s string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary p\ +rompt when emacs editing)144 132 R .293(mode is acti)144 144 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293 +(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793(eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 156 +Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 +(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ +n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 168 R +(the mode string.)144 180 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 192 Q +(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.721 +E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w) +-3.721 F 1.221(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 +(paste into the editing b)144 216 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +(it had been read from the k)144 228 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) +144 240 Q F1(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 +(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 120 Q F0(If set to)144 132 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 144 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) 3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 168 Q -.15 +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 372 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 180 Q F0 .948 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(history\255size \(unset\))108 384 Q F0 .948 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 (If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 204 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 408 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 (ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) 2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 216 R .277(By def)5.277 F +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 420 R .277(By def)5.277 F .278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 228 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 -F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 240 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 252 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 432 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 +(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 444 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 456 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 276 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 288 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 300 -Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 312 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ + ne)144 480 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 492 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 504 +Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 324 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 528 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) -144 336 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +144 540 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 (,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 348 Q F1 -(isear)108 360 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 552 Q F1 +(isear)108 564 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 384 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +ental search without subsequently e)144 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 588 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 396 Q F2 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 600 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 408 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -420 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +108 612 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +624 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 (alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 432 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 636 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 444 R -.25(va)-.25 +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 648 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 456 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 468 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 480 R +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 660 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 672 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 684 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 492 R +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 696 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) -.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 504 R .62 +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 708 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 516 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 720 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 (va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 528 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) -.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 -F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 540 R(alue,)-.25 -E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 552 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 564 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 576 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C -(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 588 Q F0(If set to)144 -600 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 612 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 624 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 -2.675(,c)C .175 -(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 636 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 648 Q F0 .193(This v)144 660 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 672 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 684 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 696 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 708 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ -ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 720 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) -141.79 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(alue of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(41)193.45 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(output\255meta \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 96 R F1(On) -3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ -hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 108 Q -.885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 120 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 132 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 144 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .05 +(1000 means that)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 +F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 96 R(alue,)-.25 E +F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 120 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 132 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) +.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 144 Q F0(If set to)144 +156 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 +(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 168 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 180 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 +2.675(,c)C .175 +(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 192 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 204 Q F0 .193(This v)144 216 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 228 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 240 Q F2 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 252 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 264 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 276 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 300 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 312 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 324 Q F2 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 348 R F2(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 156 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 168 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +(tions at a time.)144 360 Q F2 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 372 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 192 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +F(order)144 396 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 408 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .698(If set to)144 420 R F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 228 S 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By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 240 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 252 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 264 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 444 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 456 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 468 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) 2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 276 R(bell.)144 288 Q F1 -(sho)108 300 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 312 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 480 R(bell.)144 492 Q F2 +(sho)108 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 516 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 324 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +-.1 F F2(sho)144 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 336 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 540 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 348 Q F1 -(sho)108 360 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 -(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 552 Q F2 +(sho)108 564 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 +(If set to)144 576 R F2(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 (dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 384 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 408 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 588 Q F2 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 612 R +F2(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 420 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 624 Q 2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 432 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 444 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 456 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 636 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 648 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F2 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 660 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 468 R .521(mode is acti)144 480 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 672 R .521(mode is acti)144 684 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 (inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 -492 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +696 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) -144 504 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ +144 708 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 516 Q F1 -(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 528 Q F0 1.198(This string\ - is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 540 R .782(mode is acti)144 552 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 -H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) --.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H -.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 564 R .869 -(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 -(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 -576 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ -be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 588 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 612 R F1(On) -3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 -(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 624 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 640.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 652.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 664.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 -(indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 693.6 Q F0(The)144 693.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ -he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 -(or the application using readline.)144 705.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 -(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 -(xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(mode)144 84 Q F0(The)180 84 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) -3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 -(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. 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Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 +132 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ +be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 144 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 168 R F1(On) +3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 180 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 196.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 208.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 220.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(indings and v).15 F .096 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 261.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 +(xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F +(are required to isolate it.)144 273.6 Q F1(mode)144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 +290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 +(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 +(mode. 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The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 160.8 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -172.8 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +379.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 189.6 Q F0(The)180 -201.6 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 396 Q F0(The)180 408 +Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -213.6 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +420 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -225.6 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +432 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 237.6 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(ci\214c program.)180 444 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 249.6 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 273.6 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 285.6 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 297.6 Q F1($endif)180 -309.6 Q($endif)108 326.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 326.4 -Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1($else)108 343.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 343.2 Q +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 456 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 480 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 492 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 +E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 504 Q F1($endif)180 516 Q +($endif)108 532.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 532.8 Q +(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F1($else)108 549.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 549.6 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 360 Q F0 -.356(This directi)144 372 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 566.4 Q F0 +.356(This directi)144 578.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 384 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 590.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 408 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 424.8 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 436.8 R .835 +($include)144 614.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 631.2 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 643.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 448.8 Q +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 655.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 465.6 R .697 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 672 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 477.6 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 684 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 489.6 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G -.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 501.6 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) -2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 -(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 513.6 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 -(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 525.6 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 537.6 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 554.4 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 566.4 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 578.4 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .174 -(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 590.4 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 602.4 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 619.2 -R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 631.2 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G -(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) --2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 648 R(The search \ -string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the curre\ -nt line.)108 660 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 676.8 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 688.8 R 1.391 -(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 -(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 700.8 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 712.8 Q F2(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 724.8 Q F0 2.5 -(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E -(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(incremental search requires only as man)108 696 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +108 708 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F 2.315 +(If that v)108 720 R 2.315(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F +2.315(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Commands f)87 84 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 96 Q F0(Mo)144 108 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 120 Q F0(Mo)144 132 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 144 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 156 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -168 Q F0(Mo)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F1 -.25(fo)108 192 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 204 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.34 +(incremental search.)108 84 R 1.34(Control-G will abort an incremental \ +search and restore the original line.)6.34 F 1.34(When the)6.34 F(searc\ +h is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes\ + the current line.)108 96 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 112.8 T 1.339(nd othe\ +r matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R as \ +appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 124.8 R +.675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 136.8 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 +(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 148.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.041 E(wline) +-.15 E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e) +3.041 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F +(history list.)108 160.8 Q .653 +(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 177.6 R .653 +(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 +F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 189.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) +-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 206.4 R(The searc\ +h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ +rent line.)108 218.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 +235.2 Q F0 1.391(The follo)108 247.2 R 1.391 +(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 +(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 259.2 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 271.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 283.2 Q F0 2.5 +(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 300 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 312 Q F0(Mo)144 324 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 336 Q F0(Mo)144 348 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 360 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 372 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +384 Q F0(Mo)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F2 -.25(fo)108 408 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 420 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 216 Q F1(backward\255w)108 228 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 240 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ters and digits\).)144 432 Q F2(backward\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 456 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 252 Q F1(shell\255f)108 264 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 276 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 468 Q F2(shell\255f)108 480 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 492 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 288 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -312 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +(ters.)144 504 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +528 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) .15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 324 Q -F1(clear\255scr)108 336 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 348 R .993 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 540 Q +F2(pr)108 552 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 +.891(Attempt to mo)144 564 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 +(oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F +.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha) +144 576 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 +(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 588 Q(ysical line or if\ + point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ +th.)-.05 E F2(next\255scr)108 600 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 612 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) +.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 624 R .309 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 +(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ + or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ +length of the prompt plus)144 636 R(the screen width.)144 648 Q F2 +(clear\255scr)108 660 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 672 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 360 Q F1 -.18(re)108 372 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 684 Q F2 -.18(re)108 696 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -384 Q F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 -(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 -(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 436.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F -.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 448.8 Q F1(pr)108 -460.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 472.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 484.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 496.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 508.8 Q F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 556.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.47(Search backw)144 568.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 -(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 580.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 592.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 604.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 616.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 628.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 640.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 652.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 664.8 Q -(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 676.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ -a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -688.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 700.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 712.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ - the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 724.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ -een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard \ -through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ -he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 144 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). 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The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 696 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 -(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G -(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 456 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 468 R 1.626 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 -(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 504 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 576 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F -(history for editing.)144 600 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 612 Q F0(In)144 -624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) --.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 -(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Changing T) --.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 664.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 676.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 688.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 700.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +708 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 -E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +SF(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 84 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 96 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 108 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G +(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 120 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 132 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 144 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 156 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 168 R 1.627 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F2 +(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 180 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 192 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 204 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 216 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 228 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 240 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 252 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 264 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 276 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F +(history for editing.)144 300 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 312 Q F0(In)144 +324 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 +(attempts to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E +2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 +352.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 364.8 +Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 376.8 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 +(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 388.8 R +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 400.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 412.8 Q F0 .442 +(Delete the character at point.)144 424.8 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 436.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 -(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) --.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C -(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 -(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 -(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 -R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 312 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 -R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 -R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 -Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E -(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 -(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) --.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +108 448.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 460.8 R +5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 472.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 484.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 496.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 508.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 520.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +532.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 544.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 556.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 568.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 580.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 592.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 604.8 Q F0 .322 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 616.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 +628.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 640.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 652.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +664.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 676.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 688.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +700.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 712.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(46)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +SF(do)108 84 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 96 Q +1.648(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 120 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 132 +R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 144 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 156 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 168 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 180 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 +(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) +-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 192 Q F1 +(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G +1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G +(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 +204 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 216 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 228 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 244.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 256.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +268.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 280.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 292.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 304.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 316.8 +Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 328.8 Q F0 +(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 +340.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 352.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 364.8 R .729 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 376.8 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 388.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 400.8 Q(ord behind point.) +-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 412.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 424.8 +R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 436.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 +108 448.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 460.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 -204 R .166 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 472.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 484.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 496.8 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +508.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 520.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) +144 532.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 544.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 556.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 568.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +580.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 592.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 604.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E +F0(Cop)144 616.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G -2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 -F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S +(copy\255backward\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.801 +(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 652.8 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 664.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 676.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo) +-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008 +(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 +F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.) +A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 700.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 712.8 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 -(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 -(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 -(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 -(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) -3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 -(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 -(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 -(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 -(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 -E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 -(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 -(If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 -(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 -F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 84 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 112.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 124.8 Q +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 136.8 R .367 +(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 160.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 172.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 +(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 +184.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +196.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 +(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 208.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 220.8 R 1.23 +(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 232.8 R .823 +(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) +87 261.6 Q(complete \(T)108 273.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 285.6 R 1.137 +(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 297.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 309.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(If none of these pro-)5.701 F +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 321.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 333.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 345.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 357.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 369.6 R .783 +(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +381.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 393.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +405.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F +1.194(possible completions.)144 417.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 429.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F -.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 -(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 -(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 --.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 --.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q -(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 -(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 441.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F +.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 453.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 +(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 +E(through the list.)144 465.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 477.6 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 489.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) -.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) -2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q +(menu\255complete)144 501.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) +.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 513.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 525.6 R +.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 537.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 +(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 549.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 561.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 573.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 585.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 597.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q +(complete\255user)108 609.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 621.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q +108 633.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 645.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q +657.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 +669.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(possible\255v)108 681.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R -.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F -.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 -(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 -(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ -me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 -E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 705.6 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(48)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) --.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E +SF(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 84 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 108 Q F0 .58 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 132 R +.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F +.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F +(\214nally e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 156 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 180 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F +(for possible completion matches.)144 204 Q F1(dab)108 216 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 228 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 240 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 252 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ +in braces so)144 264 R(the list is a)144 276 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 292.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 316.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 340.8 Q +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 352.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 364.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 376.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 388.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 400.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 +(Miscellaneous)87 417.6 Q -.18(re)108 429.6 S.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 441.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 +(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +453.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 465.6 Q F0 3.249 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 477.6 R +5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 489.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 501.6 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.239 -E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) --5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E -(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F -3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 513.6 R F2(x) +4.238 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 +F(meta\214ed lo)144 525.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G +(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) +2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 537.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 549.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 561.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 573.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 585.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 597.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 609.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 621.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 633.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 312 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 645.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 657.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 -348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 669.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 681.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) -.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G -3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 -(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) --.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E -(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 -(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 624 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 -R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 -(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 -(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F -.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 -(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G -.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 705.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 +717.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 729.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(49)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(character\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 +3.543(Ac)144 96 S 1.043(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 108 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 120 Q F0 1.827 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 132 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 144 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ +y characters into the editing b)144 168 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 180 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 +192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 +(the characters at the be)144 228 R .321 +(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 300 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312 +R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 336 R .176 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 +(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) +144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 +(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F +.872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 +(ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 480 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 528 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .498 +(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 +645.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) +5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 657.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 669.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 681.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0(option to) -108 381.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 693.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 +G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0(option to) +108 705.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 398.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 410.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 427.2 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 439.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 -(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 451.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 468 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G -1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 480 S -.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 -(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 492 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 508.8 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -520.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 -(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 532.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -544.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -556.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 568.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 585.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 597.6 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 -(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 609.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -621.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 -(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 645.6 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 657.6 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 669.6 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ -tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 -(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 710.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 -722.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP + matching w)108 722.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E +(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Ne)108 84 Q .08 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv) --2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081 -(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 96 R .359(should pr\ -int a list of completions, one per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F -.358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 108 Q -(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 124.8 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 136.8 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 148.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(found, the def)108 +84 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 +(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 100.8 R +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 112.8 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 +(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F +(shell v)108 124.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E +F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 141.6 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 +G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 165.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 182.4 Q +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 194.4 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 206.4 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 +218.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 +230.4 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 242.4 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 259.2 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E +F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 271.2 R -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 +(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 283.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +295.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 +(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 307.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 319.2 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 331.2 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 343.2 R +.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) +108 355.2 Q(An)108 372 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 384 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) +.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 396 +Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne) +108 412.8 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) +-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 424.8 R +.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ +output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +436.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 453.6 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 465.6 R +.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 +(the w)108 477.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 160.8 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 172.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 489.6 +R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 501.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 184.8 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 513.6 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -201.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +530.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 213.6 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 230.4 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .247 +(If the pre)108 559.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 242.4 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 259.2 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) -2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F +F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 +F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 271.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 288 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 300 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E -F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 312 R .558 -(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 -F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 324 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 600 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 616.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 336 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 348 -Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E -.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 364.8 R .632(tions force readl\ -ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 376.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 388.8 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 400.8 +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 +676.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .633(tions force\ + readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ + to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the 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to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 489.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ -y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 506.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F -.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 518.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E -(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 535.2 Q({)108 547.2 Q 6 -(.")144 559.2 S -(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -571.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -583.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 612 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 624 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 636 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 648 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 -(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 -(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -660 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 672 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 -(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 684 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .082 -(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 700.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -712.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 -(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 724.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .191 +(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 84 R +.19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 96 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83 +(sp)-.55 G 1.33(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion\ + should be retried by returning an e)108 108 R .93(xit status of 124.) +-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the c\ +ompspec associated with the command on which completion is)108 120 R +.666(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 132 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +144 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 +G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F .084 +(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 156 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ +ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 +(Fo)108 172.8 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F +.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F +(the command, the follo)108 184.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 201.6 Q({)108 213.6 Q 6 +(.")144 225.6 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +237.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +249.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 278.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.371(When the)108 290.4 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 +(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 +(the list of commands pre)108 302.4 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .429(mands to sa)108 314.4 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 +(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 +(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 +326.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 338.4 +S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 +(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 350.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .082 +(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) +108 367.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +379.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 391.2 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 403.2 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 96 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 415.2 Q 1.605 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 -(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 108 R .098 +(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 427.2 R .098 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 120 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA) -3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as) -3.559 G 1.059(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last) --.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 132 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .159(If the)4.659 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 -144 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 439.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E +F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 +(copied from the history list to)108 451.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F1(shopt)108 +463.2 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 156 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If).15 -F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ -ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 168 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G -.584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) -.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 180 R -3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 -(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 192 R -1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G -1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 204 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 -3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 216 Q +.196(history \214le is o)108 475.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 +(If the)108 487.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +G .584 +(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 +F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 499.2 R +3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 +(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 511.2 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G +1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 +(truncated to contain no more than)108 523.2 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 535.2 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 232.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 244.8 R -(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 256.8 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 268.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 285.6 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 +(The b)108 552 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see)2.799 +E F5 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 564 R(The) +5.471 E F1(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 576 R .001 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 588 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 604.8 +R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 297.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 309.6 Q F0 .75 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 616.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F1 +(cmdhist)108 628.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 321.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 640.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 333.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 345.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 652.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 664.8 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -357.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 374.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 -(The shell supports a history e)108 386.4 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 398.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 410.4 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 422.4 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 439.2 R 1.305 -(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 451.2 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 -(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -480 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S 3.2 -(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 -(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 -(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 504 R 1.868(second is to select porti\ -ons of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 516 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F5(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F5(modi\214er)108 528 Q -(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 540 R -.15(ve) --.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 552 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 564 Q F3 -(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678(ault. Only)-.1 F .178 -(backslash \()2.678 F F3(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 -(tory e)108 576 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if i\ -t immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F -(double-quoted string.)108 588 Q(Se)108 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 -(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 -(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 616.8 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G -.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 628.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 645.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 657.6 R F3 -(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F3(shopt) -3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 669.6 R -5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 681.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F3(histr)108 693.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 705.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F33.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F3(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 717.6 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F32.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F3(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 729.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(52)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +676.8 Q F3(HIST)72 693.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E +(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 705.6 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 729.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E +(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.2 -(The shell allo)108 84 R 2.2(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2 -(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 2.2 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 96 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B -1.146(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 108 Q F1 -(Ev)87 124.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 136.8 R -.15(ve) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(belo)108 84 Q 2.5 +(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E +1.306(History e)108 100.8 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ +t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 112.8 R .209(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .21 +(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 124.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +141.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S 3.2 +(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 +(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 +(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 165.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 177.6 R/F1 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F1(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F1(modi\214er)108 189.6 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 201.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 +(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 +(one w)108 213.6 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 225.6 Q +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.51 E F0 .177(by def)3.51 F 2.677(ault. Only) +-.1 F .177(backslash \()2.677 F F2(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .178 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.678(,b)-.4 G .178(ut the his-)-2.878 F .67 +(tory e)108 237.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ + it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F +(double-quoted string.)108 249.6 Q(Se)108 266.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 278.4 T +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) +-.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 290.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 307.2 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 319.2 R F2 +(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) +3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 331.2 R +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 343.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 355.2 +Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 367.2 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F23.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 379.2 +S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F22.555 +E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G +.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 391.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 408 R 2.2 +(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +420 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 +(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 432 Q F2 +(Ev)87 448.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 460.8 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 165.6 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 165.6 R 1.608 -(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 177.6 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 189.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 -201.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 201.6 Q F2(n) -2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 213.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 213.6 Q -(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 225.6 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ -ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 225.6 R -F2(string)144 237.6 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 249.6 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A -F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positio\ -n in the history list containing)144 261.6 R F2(string)144 273.6 Q F0 5 -(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2 -(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.) --.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 290.6 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 297.6 R .783 -(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) -3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .784(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 309.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 -(string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 321.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 321.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 338.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 350.4 S 1.314 + history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 489.6 +Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 489.6 R 1.607 +(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 501.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 +513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 525.6 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command minus)144 525.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2 +(!!)108 537.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 537.6 Q(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 549.6 Q F1(string) +A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ +on in the history list starting with)144 549.6 R F1(string)144 561.6 Q +F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the\ + most recent command preceding the current position in the history list\ + containing)144 585.6 R F1(string)144 597.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing) +-5 E F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo) +2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 +SF(^)108 614.6 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 +.784(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F1 +(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 +(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 645.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 +-.75(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 362.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 374.4 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 386.4 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 403.2 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 415.2 Q -2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 427.2 Q F0(The)144 427.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 439.2 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 451.2 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 451.2 -R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 -(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 463.2 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 475.2 Q F0(The w)144 475.2 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) --.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 487.2 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 -2.5(Ar)144 487.2 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C -(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 499.2 Q F0 -.316(All of the w)144 499.2 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 -F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 -(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 511.2 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -523.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 523.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<78ad>108 535.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 535.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 -(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 552 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E -(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 568.8 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 580.8 R .183 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 592.8 Q F1(h)108 -609.6 Q F0(Remo)144 609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H -(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 621.6 Q F0(Remo)144 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 633.6 Q F0(Remo)144 633.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 645.6 Q F0(Remo)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -657.6 Q F0(Print the ne)144 657.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 669.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 669.6 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 681.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 681.6 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 693.6 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 705.6 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) -3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 717.6 R .617 -(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 -F .666(be quoted in)144 729.6 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) -3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 -(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 -(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(53) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .274 -(single backslash will quote the &.)144 84 R(If)5.274 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last) -3.544 F F1(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G -2.775(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 96 Q F1(string)2.84 -E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 -(search.)5 E F2(&)108 108 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 108 Q -(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 120 Q F0 .398 -(Cause changes to be applied o)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G -.398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .397 -(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C -(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 132 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F2(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218(used with `) -3.718 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 144 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F2(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F2(g)144 156 Q F0(.)A -F2(G)108 168 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 168 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5 -('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 184.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 196.8 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 +(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) +A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 +(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .064 +(The last w)144 132 R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar) +2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 +(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 +144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0(The w)144 156 Q +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 +(x)108.77 168 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 168 S(ange of w)-2.5 E +(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E +F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 180 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 180 R .315 +(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F +.315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315 +(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F +(just one w)144 192 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 204 Q F0 +(Abbre)144 204 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 216 Q +F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 +(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 +232.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 249.6 Q F0 .184 +(After the optional w)108 261.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 +G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F +.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 273.6 Q F1(h) +108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)144 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) +108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)144 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) +108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 326.4 Q F0(Remo)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 +338.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 338.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 350.4 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 350.4 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 362.4 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 +2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) +2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 374.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 386.4 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 398.4 R .617 +(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +F .666(be quoted in)144 410.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 +(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 422.4 R +(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 +(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 434.4 Q F2(string) +2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 +(&)108 446.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 446.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E +F1(g)108 458.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 458.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 470.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 482.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 494.4 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 506.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 506.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 +2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 523.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 535.2 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F2108 208.8 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F22.534 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F2(:)2.534 E -F0(,)A F2(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F2(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F2(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 220.8 R F24.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E -6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F2(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(logout)4.049 E F0 -(,)A F2 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 -E F0(,)A F2(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F2(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F -.261(process ar)108 232.8 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) --.15 F F22.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F22.761 E -F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 -(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 -(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 244.8 R 1.154 -(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F23.654 E F0 1.154 -(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F2 -3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 274.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 286.8 R .452 +receded by)-.2 F F1108 547.2 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F12.533 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.549(do not treat)108 559.2 R F14.049 E F0(specially)4.049 E +6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 +(,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 +E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) +-4.049 E F1(shift)4.048 E F0 -.2(bu)4.048 G 1.548(iltins accept and).2 F +.26(process ar)108 571.2 R .26(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F +F12.76 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261 +(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261 +(guments b)-.18 F .261(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 583.2 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F13.654 E F0 1.154 +(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 +3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 613.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 625.2 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 298.8 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 315.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 327.6 Q(ce)-.18 E -F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 339.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1 +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 637.2 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 654 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 666 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 351.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 -(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F1 -(\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 363.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1 -(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 375.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.333 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 387.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -399.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1 -(\214lename)144 411.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F24.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 423.6 Q F2(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) -3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F2(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 -3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 -(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 435.6 R F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F -F2(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F22.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 447.6 R F2(DEB)3.935 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F2(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 -(completes. The)144 459.6 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 471.6 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 488.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 500.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F25.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E -F1(name)144 512.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F -.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 524.4 Q F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value) -2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 536.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 548.4 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 560.4 Q F2(bg)108 577.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -589.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 601.2 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 613.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 625.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 714 R F2 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 726 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(status of the last command e)144 690 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458(cuted from) +.15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2(\214lename) +5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F .608 +(names in)144 702 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +.608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename) +3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 +-.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832(is not in)3.332 F F2 +.832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +(\214le is found in)144 726 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(.inputr)144 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 96 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 -120 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 -F(Acceptable)7.659 E F1 -.1(ke)180 132 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are) -5.883 F F1 3.193(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)144 84 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112 +(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 +E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112 +(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2(\214lename)144 96 Q F0 +1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697 +(the positional parameters are unchanged.)4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F +/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF4.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F(enabled,) +144 108 Q F3(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an)3.617 F 3.617 +(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F3(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C +3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118(ot, an) +-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F3(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118(trap string is sa) +3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 +(restored around the call to)144 120 R F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86 +(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F3 +(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F32.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 132 R F3(DEB)3.935 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F3(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 +(completes. The)144 144 R 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 156 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 +(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F3(alias)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F3A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E F3(Alias)144 184.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F35.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias)5.225 E +F2(name)144 196.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +.58(When ar)5.58 F .58 +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 208.8 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) +2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 220.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 232.8 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 244.8 Q F3(bg)108 261.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +273.6 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F3(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 285.6 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 297.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 309.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 +A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F3-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 350.4 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F32.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F3(bind)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name)A F3(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 398.4 R F3 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F3 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 410.4 R F3 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 422.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 434.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 +446.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 458.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 470.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F1(vi\255insert)4.113 -E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 -(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F1(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 156 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F1 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 168 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 168 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F2144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 -G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 192 Q -F0(List current)180 192 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204 -Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G -1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 216 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 228 Q F0 -(Display)180 228 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) --.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F2144 240 Q F0(Display)180 240 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(vi\255command)180 482.4 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.114 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 494.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F3144 506.4 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 506.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F3144 518.4 Q F0(Display)180 518.4 Q F3 -.18(re) +2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 530.4 +Q F0(List current)180 530.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F3144 542.4 Q F0(Display)180 +542.4 Q F3 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 +G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 554.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3144 566.4 Q +F0(Display)180 566.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 +(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) +-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F3144 578.4 Q F0(Display)180 578.4 Q F3 -.18 +(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2144 252 Q F0(List current)180 252 Q F2 --.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F2144 264 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q -.3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -144 288 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15 -(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 -E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 312 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0 -(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) --2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 336 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) --.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H -(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F2144 -360 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) -180 372 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G -(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-) -4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 -(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) -4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 --.18(re)180 396 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 -(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -408 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 -(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 420 Q/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2144 432 -Q F0 .829(List all k)180 432 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 -(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 444 Q(The return v) -144 460.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F2(br)108 477.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 489.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2 -(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. 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The)144 667.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 679.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -A F0(|[)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F2A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 708 R F1(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 720 R -3.536(ault. 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W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F4 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F +.254(subroutine call.)144 319.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F4 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ +ent e)144 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 343.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 355.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F4 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 367.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F4 +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 396 R F4(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F4(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HOME)2.821 E +F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 408 R +3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 +(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F4(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) +3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 420 R F4(dir)3.35 E F0 +3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F2(CDP)3.349 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F4(dir)144 432 Q F0 +5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(irectory names in).15 F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 444 Q F2(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162 +(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) +.74 G(f)-6.662 E F4(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 456 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F12.691 E F0 .191 +(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .191 +(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(symbolic links while tra)144 468 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F4(dir) +3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F4(..)3.62 E F0 +(in)3.62 E F4(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F13.62 E F0 +.395(option to the)144 480 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F12.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 156 R F1(..) -2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F1(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F1(..) -2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F1(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 168 R .744(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 -F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 180 R F3 -3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F33.965 E -F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 192 R F3(cd)2.968 E -F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 204 R F32.836 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 +-.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 492 R F4(..) +2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F4(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F4(..) +2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F4(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 504 R .744(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 +F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 516 R F1 +3.966 E F0 1.466(option is supplied with)3.966 F F13.965 E +F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 528 R F1(cd)2.968 E +F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) +5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 540 R F12.837 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 216 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F33.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +144 552 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F13.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.106(empty directory name from)144 228 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F32.607 E F0 .107 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 240 R 2.538(ww) +.107(empty directory name from)144 564 R F2(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F12.607 E F0 .106 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 576 R 2.538(ww) -.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F -(The return v)144 252 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E -(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3(command)108 -268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 280.8 Q F1(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F1(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 292.8 R -F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F33.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 304.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +(The return v)144 588 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 +604.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F4(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 616.8 Q F4(command)2.765 E F0(with) +3.335 E F4(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 628.8 R +F2 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F4(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 640.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 316.8 R F32.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F3 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F32.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 328.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F3 -144 340.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F32.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F32.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 352.8 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 364.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 376.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F3 -(compgen)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 405.6 R -F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 417.6 R F3(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F33.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F33.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 429.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F3 -2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F32.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 441.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 465.6 R .352 -(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ -em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -477.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 489.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 513.6 Q -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 -(complete)108 530.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F3-3.729 E F1(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F3(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3 --3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F3-3.728 E F1(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -542.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 554.4 Q -F3A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F3(complete \255pr)108 -566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.633(Specify ho)144 578.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 -(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 -F .634(If the)5.634 F F33.134 E F0 .634 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 -590.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 602.4 R(The)5.31 E F32.81 E F0 .31 -(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 614.4 R(The)6.347 E -F33.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 626.4 R(`def)-.74 E -(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -638.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F33.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 650.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 662.4 Q 1.438 -(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -686.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 722.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F33.056 E F0(,)A F33.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F33.056 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +5.399 E .174(either the)144 652.8 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F4 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 664.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F4(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F1144 676.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 688.8 R F4(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F4 +(command)144.2 700.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 712.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F4(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(56)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 84 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 96 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in) -.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 120 Q F2(comp-option) -2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 -(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 -(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 132 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -144 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 156 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 168 Q F1(default)184 180 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 180 -R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(compgen)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(])A .013 +(Generate possible completion matches for)144 96 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 +E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013 +(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 108 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 120 R .131(When using the)5.131 F F1 +2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F12.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 +F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 132 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 156 R .352 +(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ +em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 +168 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 +F(those completions matching)144 180 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 204 Q +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 220.8 Q F0([)3.728 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C +F1-3.728 E F2(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.728 E +F0 3.728(][)C F1-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1 +-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F1-3.729 E F2(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F1-3.729 E F2(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +232.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 244.8 Q +F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 +256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.634(Specify ho)144 268.8 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 +(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 +F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 E F0 .633 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +280.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) +144 292.8 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2 +(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E +F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 304.8 R(The)6.347 E +F13.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 316.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 +328.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F13.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 340.8 R +(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 352.8 Q 1.437 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 +376.8 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 424.8 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F13.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +F13.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 436.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 448.8 Q +F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E +F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 +508.8 Q F1(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.376 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 192 Q F1(dir)184 204 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 216 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 240 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 252 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 264 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 276 Q F1(noquote) -184 288 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .814 +224 532.8 Q F1(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ +ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R +2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) +-2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 +604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q +F1(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 300 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 312 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 312 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 324 S -.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 336 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 348 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 348 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 652.8 Q +F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ +letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) +224 664.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 +(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 +676.8 Q F1(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) +-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 360 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 372 -Q F1144 384 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 396 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 -(may be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -408 Q F0(Alias names.)224 408 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 420 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 432 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 444 Q(Readline)224 444 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 456 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 456 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 468 -Q F0(Command names.)224 480 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 492 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 504 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 516 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 528 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -540 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 540 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -552 Q F0(Names of e)224 552 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) --.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -564 Q F0(File names.)224 564 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 576 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 588 -Q F1(gr)184 600 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 600 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -612 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 624 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 636 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 648 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 660 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 672 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 684 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -696 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 708 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 708 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 +712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(57)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(setopt)184 84 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 84 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the) --.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 96 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the) -224 96 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 108 Q -F0(Signal names.)224 108 Q F1(stopped)184 120 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 132 Q F0(User names.)224 132 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 144 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 144 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 156 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 168 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2 +(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 +108 Q F0(Alias names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 120 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 132 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 144 Q(Readline)224 144 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 156 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 156 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 168 +Q F0(Command names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 192 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 204 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 216 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 228 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +240 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 240 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +252 Q F0(Names of e)224 252 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 +264 Q F0(File names.)224 264 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 276 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 288 +Q F1(gr)184 300 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 300 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 +312 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 324 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 336 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 348 +Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 360 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 372 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 384 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 +396 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 396 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 408 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 408 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 420 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 420 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 +E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 432 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 432 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 444 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 444 Q F1(stopped)184 456 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 468 Q F0(User names.)224 468 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 492 Q F2 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 180 Q F1144 192 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 204 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 516 Q F1144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 216 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 552 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 228 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 240 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 252 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 264 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 276 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 288 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 300 Q F1144 312 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 324 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 576 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 588 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 624 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q +F1144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 336 Q F1144 348 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 348 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 360 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 384 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 396 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1144 408 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 472.8 R .467 -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 484.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 496.8 Q F0 -(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 525.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 537.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 549.6 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 561.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) --5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 -(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 573.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ -mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 585.6 R 2.177 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F14.677 E F0 2.178 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) -144 597.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 621.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 -(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 633.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 650.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 662.4 R 1.753 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 -/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 686.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(58)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 +(each resultant w)184 720 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A -F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R -1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib) -.15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C -1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264 -(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S -3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)2.775 E F0 -(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.) --2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F -(without)144 144 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 156 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 -F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F13.681 E F0 -(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 168 R -.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The) --.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F -1.291(to shell functions.)144 180 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291 -(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the functi\ -on)3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 192 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F -.948(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(resultant list which match the w)184 84 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 +E(\214lterpat)184 108 Q F0 .456(is a pattern as used for pathname e) +2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455 +(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 120 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 132 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 144 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 160.8 R .466 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 172.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 184.8 Q F0 +(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E +F1(compopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 213.6 R +F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 225.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 237.6 Q F2(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 249.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +-5.297 E F12.797 E F0 .297 +(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F +1.227(the `)144 261.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ +no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 273.6 R 2.178 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F14.678 E F0 2.177 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) +144 285.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 +E 1.387(The return v)144 309.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F +(options for a)144 321.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 338.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 350.4 R 1.754 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 362.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 374.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 386.4 Q F1(declar)108 403.2 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 +(typeset)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 427.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 439.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 451.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E +F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) +2.775 F(without)144 463.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 475.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F13.682 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +487.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +(ariables. 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The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 396 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 408 Q F0 -(Mak)180 408 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E -7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F -2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 420 -Q F1144 432 Q F0(Gi)180 432 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E -2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 444 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 456 -Q F0 .91(When the v)180 456 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. 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When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 520.8 Q F1 -(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 -E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 -(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 -(is supplied.)144 532.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 -(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 -544.8 R F13.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F13.426 E F0 .927 -(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 556.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 -F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 -(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 -(option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 568.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C -2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 -580.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 -(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 592.8 R F1 -(Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .172 -(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 616.8 R 3.46(fa) --.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 628.8 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 645.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 657.6 S .329 -(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 669.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 681.6 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) -4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 693.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 705.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 705.6 Q -F1144 717.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 717.6 R .882 -(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(59) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 703.2 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.) -180 84 Q F1144 96 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one en\ -try per line, pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 96 R 2.772(xi) --.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 108 Q F1(+)144 120 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.564(Displays the)180 120 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 -1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 -E(without options, starting with zero.)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F2(n)A -F0 1.194(Displays the)180 144 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +SF144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) +5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 96 Q F1 +144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 +(ute. 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When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 196.8 Q F1 +(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 +E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 +(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 +(is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 +(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 +220.8 R F13.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F13.427 E F0 .926 +(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 232.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 +(option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) +144 244.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C +2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 +256.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 +(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 268.8 R F1 +(Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .171 +(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 292.8 R 3.46(fa) +-.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 304.8 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .328 +(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 369.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q +F1144 393.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .881 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 +405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 417.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1 +144 429.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1144 477.6 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 156 Q .257(The return v)144 -172.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .258(The return v)144 +506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 184.8 Q F1(diso)108 201.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +.15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 213.6 S .122 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .121 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 225.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 237.6 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 249.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 273.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 314.4 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 -326.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 -(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -350.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 374.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 386.4 Q F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 -(backspace)180 398.4 Q F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -410.4 Q F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 -434.4 Q F1(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)180 446.4 Q F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q -F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -482.4 Q F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 Q F1(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 518.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 530.4 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R -.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) -4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 -F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F -F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F -F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1 -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 715.2 R F1 -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 -(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) -141.79 E(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 +660 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F13.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 +(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 684 +Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 +F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 +(these escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E F0 +.716(does not interpret)3.215 F F13.216 E F0 .716 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.917 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The) -.2 F .379(return v)2.879 F(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 -(name)3.855 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994 -(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994 -(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 -136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 -Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace) +180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e) +144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144 +Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G +(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180 +Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144 +216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) +180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R +.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 376.8 +R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 400.8 Q F1 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 412.8 R F1 +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +424.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 436.8 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 448.8 R F12.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 460.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 +472.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 489.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 501.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 513.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 525.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 213.6 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 554.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 566.4 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 578.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 590.4 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 602.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F -.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 614.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 626.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) -.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 285.6 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 -(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 638.4 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 367.2 R -F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.626 E F1 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1144 391.2 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.446 -(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 -(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G -1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .742(lue of the v) -.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) -.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 -(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 504 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314(is used as an of) -144 516 R .314(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E -F2(last)2.905 E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F -(-)-.2 E .949(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 -(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E -F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E -F0(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q -F12.522 E F0 .022 -(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 -(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 -(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) -.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 600 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E -F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 612 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 -(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 660 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72>2.847 -E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 672 Q F4 7.166(rc) -3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 -R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(61) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 650.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 667.2 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 679.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .787 -(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(export \255p)108 84 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 96 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257 +(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 108 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 120 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 132 S 1.447 +(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G +1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 144 S .741(lue of the v).25 +F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 156 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 168 Q F1(fc)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 +196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 208.8 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) +144 232.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .315 +(is used as an of)144 244.8 R .315 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.315 E F2(last)2.904 +E F0 .314(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F(-)-.2 E .948 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 256.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 268.8 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 292.8 +Q F12.522 E F0 .022 +(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E +F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 304.8 R .438(If the) +5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E +.335(the editor gi)144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 328.8 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F +.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) +3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 +340.8 R .951(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 +F .95(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 +F -.15(exe)144 352.8 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 376.8 R +F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 388.8 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F2<8c72> +2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .346(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E(typing)144 400.8 Q F3 7.165 +(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 412.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +436.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8 +R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 108 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E -F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413 -(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 -(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 -(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q -3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job) --.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +F1(getopts)108 566.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 578.4 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 590.4 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 602.4 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 614.4 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 626.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 +E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 650.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 674.4 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 686.4 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 710.4 R F1(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 722.4 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 -381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.165 -(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 -(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 -(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 429.6 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 -(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 465.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 -(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) -3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -477.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 -E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -513.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 525.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 537.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 -(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 -(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .902 -(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108 -590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.858(Each time)144 602.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) -3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 614.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 626.4 -R F22.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 638.4 R(The)6.712 E F24.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F24.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 650.4 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F23.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 662.4 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -674.4 R F23.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 -3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 -(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -686.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 698.4 Q F22.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 710.4 Q F1(name)2.86 -E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(62) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867 -(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 -F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) -3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E -.306(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807 -(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 -144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 132 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)180 -144 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5 -E F1144 156 Q F0(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 -156 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 -(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 172.8 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 189.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 201.6 Q(history \255d)108 213.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -F1(history \255p)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 249.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) +.27 E F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 +120 Q F0 1.166(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 +(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring) +3.895 E F0 1.165(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E +1.07(reporting is used.)144 132 R 1.071 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 144 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 156 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 180 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +192 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 +(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +(is silent, the option character found is 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F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 316.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 +(the directories in)144 328.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 340.8 +R F12.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 +(of the command.)144 352.8 R(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 364.8 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F13.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 376.8 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +388.8 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 +(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 +400.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 412.8 Q F12.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 424.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) +.25 E F1(help)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +453.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 +465.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 477.6 Q F1 +144 489.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 489.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1144 501.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 501.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 513.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 513.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 530.4 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 547.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 559.2 Q(history \255d)108 571.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 595.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 607.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -261.6 S .752 +619.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 273.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 285.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 297.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 631.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.88 E(MA)144 643.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 655.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 309.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 667.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 321.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 679.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 333.6 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 333.6 Q F1 -144 345.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 357.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 691.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 691.2 Q F1 +144 703.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 715.2 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) -.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) -2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) --2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 369.6 R --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 381.6 Q 2.5(,a) --.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 393.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 393.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E -3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 405.6 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 417.6 -Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 417.6 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 429.6 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 441.6 Q F1144 453.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 453.6 Q F1 -144 465.6 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 465.6 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 477.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 -(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 489.6 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) -2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 501.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 513.6 Q F0 -.363(Store the)180 513.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 525.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 542.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) --.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 -(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 554.4 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 566.4 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 578.4 R 1.795 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ -option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 602.4 Q(fset) --.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 -F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 614.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 631.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 643.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 655.2 Q .3 -.15 -(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 667.2 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 667.2 Q F1 -144 679.2 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 679.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 691.2 Q F1 -144 703.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 703.2 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 715.2 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) +-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 +727.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(Display only stopped jobs.)180 84 Q(If)144 100.8 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .314(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F -5.313(.T)-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 -112.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 -129.6 R F12.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs) -2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394 -(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 -E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 -141.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E -F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.) --.15 E F1(kill)108 158.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|) -2.5 E F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..) --2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 170.4 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec) -A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 -(Send the signal named by)144 182.4 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 -(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E -F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) -2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 194.4 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 -.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 206.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of the history)180 +84 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5 +(1r)-2.5 G(efers to the current)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(history -d) +2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 96 R +(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 +(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 108 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 120 Q +F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ + into the current history list.)180 120 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 132 R +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +(sion.)180 144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 156 Q F1 +144 168 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +168 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 180 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 180 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626 +(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 +192 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 204 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 216 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 216 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 228 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 244.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 256.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 268.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 280.8 R 1.795 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F +1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 292.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 304.8 Q(fset) +-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 +F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 316.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 333.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 +(jobs \255x)108 345.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 357.6 Q .3 -.15 +(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 369.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 369.6 Q F1 +144 381.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 381.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 393.6 Q F1 +144 405.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 405.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 417.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 417.6 Q F1144 429.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 429.6 Q(If)144 446.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 +E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 458.4 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 475.2 R F1 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 487.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) +2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E +F1(kill)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 +(kill \255l)108 516 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by) +144 528 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 +(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 540 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 552 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 218.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18 -F F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) -5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) -.18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 230.4 -R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 242.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F -F12.877 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 254.4 -R(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) --.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 564 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 +F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F +F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 576 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 588 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1 +2.878 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 600 R +(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 266.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) --.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 283.2 Q -F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -295.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 307.2 Q F2(ar) +(successfully sent, or f)144 612 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 628.8 Q F2 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +640.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 652.8 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 324 Q F0([)2.5 E -F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 336 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 669.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 681.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 348 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 -G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 -E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 693.6 Q 3.153(yo) +-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar) +3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -360 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422 -(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) -5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 372 R F1 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 384 R F1(set)4.063 E -F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 396 R 1.243 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 -(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 408 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 -(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) -5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 420 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 -E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 -436.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 436.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 453.6 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 477.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.851 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 489.6 -R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 -F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 501.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 513.6 Q F0(The \214rst character of) -180 513.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 -E F1144 525.6 Q F0(Cop)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) --2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 537.6 Q F0(Be)180 537.6 Q -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 549.6 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 549.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 561.6 Q F0(Remo)180 561.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 -E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 573.6 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 573.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 585.6 Q F0(Ev)180 -585.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 597.6 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 597.6 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 614.4 Q F12.967 E F0 -.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 -(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 626.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 -G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 638.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 650.4 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 667.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 684 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 696 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +705.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 717.6 R F1 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 729.6 R F1(set)4.062 +E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 +(alues when the function)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22) +144.29 E(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(popd)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 96 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.) --2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F -1.479(stack, and performs a)144 108 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne) -3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18 -(rg)-6.479 G 1.478(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 120 Q F1144 132 Q -F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 132 R -.551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 -.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -168 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.744(returns. W) +144 84 R 1.244(ith no operands,)-.4 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.744 +E F0 1.244(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 +(error to use)144 96 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) +5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) +144 108 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0 +(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.) +-.25 E F1(logout)108 124.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 124.8 Q F1 +(map\214le)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adarray) +.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) +-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) +-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351 +(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 165.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E +(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor) +-2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 177.6 R F13.748 E F0 +1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E +F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 +F(ha)144 189.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E +F1144 201.6 Q F0(The \214rst character of)180 201.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 +E F0(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.) +-.25 E F1144 213.6 Q F0(Cop)180 213.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G +(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 225.6 Q F0(Be)180 225.6 Q +(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) +-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 237.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 237.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +144 249.6 Q F0(Remo)180 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 261.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 261.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 273.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +273.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 285.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 285.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 302.4 Q F12.968 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 +(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 314.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 326.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 338.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 355.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 372 Q F0 1.905 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 384 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(popd)108 400.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G +.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 +424.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 436.8 Q F1144 448.8 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 448.8 R .551 +(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 460.8 Q F1(+)144 472.8 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +484.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 180 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E -F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 192 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3 -(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 208.8 -R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 -E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1 -(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 220.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F --.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 232.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 261.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 -E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 273.6 R(ariable) +-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 496.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 508.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +525.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 537.6 R .416 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 549.6 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 +(Write the formatted)144 578.4 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 +E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 590.4 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 285.6 Q(The)144 309.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 602.4 Q(The)144 626.4 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 638.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 333.6 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 345.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 357.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 369.6 Q F0(causes)180 369.6 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 650.4 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 662.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 674.4 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 686.4 Q F0(causes)180 686.4 Q F1(printf) +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 381.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 393.6 Q F0(causes)180 393.6 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 698.4 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 710.4 Q F0(causes)180 710.4 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 405.6 Q F1(%\()144 417.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 429.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 441.6 R F2 -(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) -2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -453.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 465.6 R .847 -(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 477.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 -G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G -2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 489.6 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 506.4 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ -peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 518.4 -R 1.259 -(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 530.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 547.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 559.2 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 -(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 571.2 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ -ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 612 R 3.14(wt)-.25 -G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 624 R .416 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 636 R 6.625(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 648 Q F1 -144 660 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 660 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 672 Q F1(+)144 684 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 684 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 -1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 696 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 708 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 708 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 -(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 720 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(input.)180 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(65) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)144.35 84 Q F0(Adds)180 84 Q F1(dir)3.137 E F0 -.287(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788 -(wc)-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 96 Q(gument to the)-.18 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 -112.8 R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2 -(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 -(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 124.8 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G -3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 -1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 136.8 -R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ -s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 -148.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 -165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 177.6 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -189.6 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 201.6 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 213.6 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 225.6 Q F2 -.18(re)108 242.4 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1 -(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 --3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E -F1(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(pr) -3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 -3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 254.4 Q F1(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ -e \214le descriptor)144 266.4 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 278.4 Q F23.847 E F0 1.347 -(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 290.4 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G -1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(%\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 +96 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 108 R F2 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) +2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +120 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .848 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 132 R .847 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.347(d. If).1 F .847(no ar)3.347 +F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 144 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +.354(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.854(sa).15 G 2.854(si)-2.854 G +2.854(f-)-2.854 G 2.854(1h)-2.854 G .354(ad been gi)-2.854 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355 +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 156 Q(vior) +-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 172.8 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\ +\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 184.8 +R 1.259 +(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 196.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 225.6 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 237.6 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) +108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 278.4 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 290.4 R .416 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 302.4 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 314.4 Q +F1144 326.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 326.4 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 338.4 Q F1(+)144 +350.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 350.4 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 374.4 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 374.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)180 386.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 398.4 Q F0(Adds)180 398.4 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) +-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 410.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 427.2 R F1(pushd) +2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 439.2 R F2(dir) +3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 +F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 451.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ + directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 463.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 492 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +504 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) +144 516 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 528 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)108 556.8 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(aname) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 +(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc) +3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 568.8 Q F2(name)A F0 +(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ +\214le descriptor)144 580.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 592.8 Q F13.848 E F0 1.348 +(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 604.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 302.4 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 616.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 314.4 Q F0 -5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) --.25 F .722 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 628.8 Q F0 +5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) +-.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 326.4 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 -(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 -(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 338.4 R .197 -(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 350.4 R F2(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) -C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 640.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 +(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 652.8 R .197 +(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 664.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -362.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 374.4 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 386.4 R 1.049 +676.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 688.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 700.8 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F1(aname)180.33 398.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 410.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 422.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F2144 434.4 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 434.4 R F2 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 446.4 R .218 -(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 -(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F2144 470.4 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 470.4 Q F2 -.18(re) -2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1 -(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 -E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 482.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2 -144 494.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 506.4 S(ad).18 -E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 -E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 518.4 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 -144 530.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 542.4 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc) -3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 554.4 R F2 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 566.4 -R F2 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F1(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 578.4 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 590.4 S .669 -(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2180 602.4 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2144 614.4 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 626.4 Q F1(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 638.4 Q -2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 -144 650.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 650.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 662.4 Q -(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E -(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F2144 -674.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 674.4 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 -144 686.4 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 698.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 710.4 R F1(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 722.4 Q -(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(66)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 +(aname)180.33 712.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 +E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .506(is reading i\ -nput from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 84 -R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 96 R .59(gular \214les.) --.15 F(If)5.59 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 108 S(riable) -.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2 -(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27 -(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an) --2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 120 R 1.12 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 -(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 132 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E -F1144 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 -144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476(If no)144 160.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 172.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .772 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 184.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 196.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E +F1144 108 Q F0 .373 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 108 R F1 -.18(re) +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) +2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G +(sed)-2.872 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 120 R .218 +(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E +(acti)180 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1 +144 144 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 144 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G +(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te) +2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E +.215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 156 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 +168 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 180 S(ad).18 E F0 +1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395 +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 192 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 204 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 216 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 240 R +F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)3.502 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 252 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 264 S .67 +(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 276 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 300 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 312 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 +144 324 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 324 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 336 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) +-.25 E F1144 348 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 348 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +144 360 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 372 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 384 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 396 Q +(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ +g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 +408 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 420 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 432 S(riable) +.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 444 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 +456 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 +(If no)144 484.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E +F3(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .476(The e)4.976 +F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 496.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .773 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F +-.25(va)144 508.8 S 2.004 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 520.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 537.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 237.6 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 249.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 561.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 573.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 261.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 585.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 597.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 285.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 609.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 297.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -309.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 621.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +633.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 321.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 645.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 333.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 350.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 362.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 386.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 657.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 674.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 686.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 710.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 -398.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.066(before the trap handler)144 +722.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 422.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 -(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 434.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 -(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 458.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 470.4 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 482.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 -(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 494.4 Q F1 -(set)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 -2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 535.2 S .836 -(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 547.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 559.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 -.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 571.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 583.2 R 1.623 -(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 595.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 607.2 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 607.2 R 1.377 -(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 619.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 631.2 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 631.2 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 643.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 655.2 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 655.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 667.2 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 -679.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 691.2 Q -1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 --.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 703.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) --.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 715.2 R -F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) --3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 727.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(67)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 84 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 96 R 2.677(xit. A) --.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678(fs)-2.677 -G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178(cuted before the shell e) -.15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178(option applies to)2.678 F .618 -(the shell en)184 108 R .617(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617 -(vironment separately \(see)-.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617 -(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 120 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo) -2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643 -(xit before e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F -(the commands in the subshell.)184 132 Q 2.042 -(If a compound command or shell function e)184 150 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 E F0 -2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 162 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F -.194(body will be af)184 174 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F12.694 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .39 +(determine the status is the last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389 +(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re) +2.889 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 +(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur) +.18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084 +(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F +F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084 +(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589(causes the shell to stop e)144 108 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .589(cuting that script and return either).15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.448 E F0 .588(or the e)3.328 F .588 +(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326 +(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 132 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 144 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1 +(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 E +.75(mand associated with the)144 156 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 168 Q F1 +(set)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .835 +(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 220.8 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.911(reset. In)144 232.8 R F2(posix)2.911 E F0 +.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 244.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 256.8 R 1.624 +(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) +144 268.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 280.8 Q +F0 1.378(Each v)184 280.8 R 1.377 +(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 292.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 304.8 Q F0 .131 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 304.8 R +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 316.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 328.8 Q F0 +.088(Exit immediately if a)184 328.8 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F +F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 340.8 Q +F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08 +(The shell does not e)184 352.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 364.8 +Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 376.8 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 388.8 R +F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) +-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E +-.25(va)184 400.8 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 +(non-zero status because a command f)184 412.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 424.8 R 2.678 +(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 +(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 +(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 436.8 R .617 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) +-.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 448.8 R(ONMENT) +-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 +(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 460.8 +Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 478.8 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 +E F0 2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184 +490.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435 +(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .193 +(body will be af)184 502.8 R .193(fected by the)-.25 F F12.693 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 -2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 186 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +2.693 E F0 .194(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 514.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 198 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 210 Q F1 -144 222 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 222 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 234 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -234 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -246 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 258 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 258 R .514 +(where)184 526.8 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 538.8 Q F1 +144 550.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 550.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +144 562.8 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +562.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 +574.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 586.8 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 586.8 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 270 Q F1 -144 282 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 282 R .148 -(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F -.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 294 R F2 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 306 R .679 -(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 318 S(it status.).15 E F1144 330 Q F0 .653 -(Read commands b)184 330 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 -(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 342 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 354 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 366 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 -(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 378 Q F0 -(Same as)224 390 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 402 Q F0 -(Same as)224 414 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 426 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 426 R 2.589 -(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 438 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 450 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 462 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 462 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 474 Q F0(Same as)224 474 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 486 Q F0(Same as)224 498 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 510 Q F0(Same as)224 510 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 522 Q F0(Same as)224 534 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 546 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 546 R 3.087(,a) --.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 558 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -570 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 582 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -594 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 606 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 642 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 654 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 690 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 690 Q F1(notify)184 702 Q F0 -(Same as)224 702 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 714 Q F0(Same as) -224 714 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1) -141.79 E(68)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 598.8 Q F1 +144 610.8 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 610.8 R .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 622.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 634.8 R +.678(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ +g its)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 646.8 S(it status.).15 E F1144 658.8 Q +F0 .652(Read commands b)184 658.8 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +670.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F1144 682.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 694.8 Q F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 +(allexport)184 706.8 Q F0(Same as)224 718.8 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(onecmd)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 96 -Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 -108 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 108 R 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 120 R +SF(braceexpand)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(emacs)184 108 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) +224 108 R 2.589(ace. 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See)B/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 168 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G -2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -180 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 192 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -204 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 216 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -216 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 228 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 228 R 3.965(ace. This) --.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -240 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 252 Q F0(Same as)224 252 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 270 Q -F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -282 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 294 Q F1 -144 306 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 306 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. 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See)B F2 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 492 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G +2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +504 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 516 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +528 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 540 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +540 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 552 Q F0 1.465 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 552 R 3.966(ace. This) +-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 +564 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 576 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 594 Q +F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +606 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 618 Q F1 +144 630 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 630 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. 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If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 -(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 438 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 -(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -450 Q F1144 462 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 462 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 474 Q F0 .315(After e)184 474 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 -(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -486 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F -1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 498 Q -(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 510 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 510 R 2.578 -(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 522 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 534 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 534 R F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 -(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 546 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 -(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 558 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 570 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 570 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 -(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 582 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 594 Q F1 -144 606 Q F0(Enable)184 606 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 618 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 630 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 630 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 642 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 654 R(def)2.685 -E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 -(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 666 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -678 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 678 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 -(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 -(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 690 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 -(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 702 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 714 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 714 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 726 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 702 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) -184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444 -(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F -3.446(parameters. The)184 96 R F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1 -3.446 E F0 .945(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945 -(there are no)3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 108 Q .425(The options are of)144 -124.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +SF144 84 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 96 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 96 S .043 +(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \ +parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .183 +(error when performing parameter e)184 108 R 2.683(xpansion. If)-.15 F +-.15(ex)2.683 G .182(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 +E .746(able or parameter)184 120 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 +132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 144 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 156 Q F0 .315(After e)184 156 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command) +2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case) +2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235 +(or arithmetic)184 168 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 +(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q +(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 +144 192 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 192 R 2.578 +(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 204 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 216 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) +.15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 252 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 252 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1 +144 288 Q F0(Enable)184 288 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 312 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 312 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 +(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.686 +E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 +(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F +(mands which change the current directory)184 348 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 360 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 +(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 396 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)184 396 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +420 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 420 R +F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G +1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 432 R +F13.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144 +460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 614.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 290.4 R .826 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 302.4 R(The)5.945 E +F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 626.4 R .825 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F +.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 638.4 R(The)5.945 E F13.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) -3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 314.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 326.4 Q -F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 326.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -338.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 350.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ -return status indicates whether the)180 350.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 -(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 362.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 -(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 374.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 386.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 386.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 403.2 R F1 -3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) -3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 -(set or unset, respecti)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) --.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 427.2 Q(ault.) --.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -444 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F .696 -(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 456 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 468 Q(The list of)144 484.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 502.8 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 502.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 514.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F -(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 526.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 538.8 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 -(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 550.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 562.8 Q F0 -1.055 -(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -562.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 574.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 586.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) --.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 -(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 598.8 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 610.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 622.8 R F1(bash)3.236 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 -634.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 646.8 -Q F0 .449(If set,)184 658.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 670.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 682.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 694.8 Q -.1(wa) --.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 706.8 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -718.8 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G -.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 730.8 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 -E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 650.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 662.4 Q +F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 662.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 674.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ +return status indicates whether the)180 686.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0 +(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2 +(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(cmdhist)144 84 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +SF144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 84 Q(alues of)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E +F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 100.8 R F13.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1 +3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar) +3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624 +(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234(set or unset, respecti)144 +112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234 +(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 124.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E +1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R +F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F +.696 +(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) +144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 200.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F +(name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 +1.055 +(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 +260.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 +(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F +(the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)3.237 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +332.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 +Q F0 .448(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) +-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 +416.4 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G +.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G +.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 +E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) +144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -96 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 108 Q -F0 .419(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)184 132 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462 -(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 +Q F0 .42(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 +F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) +184 488.4 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E +F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 144 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) --.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 -(use ASCII collation and)184 156 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E -(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 168 Q F2(str)2.5 -E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 180 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 -192 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 204 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(using the)184 500.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F +(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 +(use ASCII collation and)184 512.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G +(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 524.4 Q F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 +(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 536.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 548.4 R F1 +(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 +F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 560.4 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 216 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 228 Q +2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 572.4 R .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 584.4 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 240 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 -(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 264 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 -(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 276 R F1 -(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F -(ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 288 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 300 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 312 Q F0 1.484(If set,) -184 324 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F2(posix) -3.984 E F0 1.483 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 336 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G -.959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 -(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 348 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 -(posix mode through v)184 360 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 372 Q F1(compat42)144 384 Q -F0 1.797(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 -(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 408 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 420 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 432 R F1 -(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 444 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 456 S .352 -(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) --.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.853 E -.1(fa)184 468 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 -F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.374(function is e)184 480 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F -(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 -.375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 492 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(complete_fullquote)144 504 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 516 R F1(bash)3.153 E -F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ -mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 528 R 1.524 -(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F -2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ -enames when these)184 540 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 -552 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 -F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 564 R 1.073 -(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 -(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 576 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 -(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 -(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -588 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 600 Q -(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 612 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 624 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 -(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -636 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 648 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 660 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -660 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 -(ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 672 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 684 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 -(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) --.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 696 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 -G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 -(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 -(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 708 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 708 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 720 Q(gument to the)-.18 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E -(71)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +F1(compat40)144 596.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 608.4 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 620.4 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 632.4 R +F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) +-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 +644.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F +.086(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 656.4 +Q(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 668.4 Q F0 1.483 +(If set,)184 680.4 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F +F2(posix)3.983 E F0 1.484 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 +(ex)184 692.4 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 +G .958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 +(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 +704.4 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 +(posix mode through v)184 716.4 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 728.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(expand_aliases)144 84 Q F0 .717(If set, aliases are e)184 96 R .717 -(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 108 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 120 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671 -(If set at shell in)184 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671(cute the deb).15 F .672 -(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F .221(identical to the) -184 144 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F -.221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221(cation, beha).2 F .22 -(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 156 Q(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E -F1(1.)184 168 Q F0(The)220 168 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the) -4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 -(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 180 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 192 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -192 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 204 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 216 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 216 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 228 S .488 +SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 1.796(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 132 R F1 +(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .353 +(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) +-.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F +.375(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 +.374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F +(the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(complete_fullquote)144 204 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.153 E +F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ +mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 228 R 1.524 +(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F +2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ +enames when these)184 240 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 +252 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 +F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 264 R 1.073 +(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 +(ev e)184 276 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 +288 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 300 Q +(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 312 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +336 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 360 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +360 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +(ord completion if)-.1 F +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 372 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 384 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 384 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) +-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 396 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 408 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti) +184 408 R 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.386 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 420 Q(gument to the)-.18 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 432 Q F0 .716 +(If set, aliases are e)184 444 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 456 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 468 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 480 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 +(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F +.22(identical to the)184 492 R F12.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 +(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 +(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 504 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 516 Q F0(The)220 516 Q F14.251 +E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 528 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 540 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +540 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 552 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 564 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 564 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 576 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 240 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 588 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 252 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 252 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 -(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 264 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 276 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 276 R -(shells in)220 288 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 600 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 600 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 612 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 624 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 624 R +(shells in)220 636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 300 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 300 R(in)220 312 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 648 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 648 R(in)220 660 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 324 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 324 R .4 +(extglob)144 672 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 672 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 336 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 348 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 360 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 684 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 696 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 708 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 372 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 384 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 384 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 396 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 408 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 420 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 432 R .32 -(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 444 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) -184 456 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 468 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 480 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 492 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 -(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 504 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 -(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 516 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 528 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 540 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 540 R F1(**)3.019 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 552 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -564 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 576 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 588 Q F1(histappend)144 -600 Q F0 .676 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -612 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 624 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 636 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 648 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 660 Q F1(histv)144 672 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 684 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 -(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 696 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 708 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E -2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(72)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 720 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2017 March 22)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(hostcomplete)144 84 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -108 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 -132 Q F0(If set,)184 144 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) -2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H -(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 156 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 -.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 168 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 180 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 192 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 204 R 2.83 -(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 -.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F -.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 216 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 -228 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 240 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 240 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +SF(failglob)144 84 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 84 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 96 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 108 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 120 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 132 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 144 R F2 +.448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 +156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 168 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) +184 180 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 +(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 192 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) +.15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 +G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 +(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 204 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 216 R F1(A) +3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 228 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 240 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 240 R F1(**)3.018 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 252 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +264 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 276 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 288 Q F1(histappend)144 +300 Q F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +312 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 324 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 336 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 348 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 360 Q F1(histv)144 372 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 +(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 396 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 408 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 420 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +444 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 456 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 468 Q F0(If set,) +184 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 492 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 504 R .219(alue of the) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 516 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 252 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 264 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 264 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 588 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 600 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 276 Q +3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 612 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 288 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -300 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 312 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 324 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -336 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 348 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 360 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 372 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 384 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 396 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 420 S -(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 432 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -444 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 -(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 -(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 468 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 480 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 492 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 504 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) -3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 516 S -(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -528 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -540 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 552 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 564 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 576 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 588 -S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 600 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 612 -S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 -(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 624 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 636 Q 2.86 -(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 -(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 648 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 660 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 672 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 684 Q F1(sour) -144 696 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 708 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 720 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2017 February 1)141.79 E(73)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +636 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F4(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(xpg_echo)144 84 Q F0(If set, the)184 96 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 -G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(suspend)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002 -(Suspend the e)144 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002 +SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 +(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 +(wo)184 156 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 204 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 +216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 252 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 264 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 276 +S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) +144 300 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) +184 312 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 324 Q 2.86 +(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 +(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 336 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) +144 384 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 396 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 408 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 420 Q F0(If set, the)184 432 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 136.8 R F1 -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 148.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 472.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 484.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 165.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 177.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 177.6 R .877 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 189.6 +E F1(test)108 501.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 513.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 513.6 R .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 525.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 201.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 213.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 231.6 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 243.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 255.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 267.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 267.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 279.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 279.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 +(primaries described abo)144 537.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 549.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 567.6 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 579.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 591.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 603.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 615.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 615.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 291.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 303.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 315.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 327.6 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 627.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 639.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 651.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 663.6 S (pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -339.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 356.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +675.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 692.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 374.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 386.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 398.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 410.4 Q -(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 422.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 434.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 -F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 446.4 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 458.4 Q .553 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 470.4 Q -(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 482.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 494.4 R .236 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 -(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 506.4 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 518.4 R .578(xpression i\ -s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 530.4 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 -(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 542.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 -F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F -.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -554.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 566.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 -(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 578.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -590.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 602.4 R -.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 614.4 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 638.4 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 650.4 R 1.635 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 680.4 Q F1(test)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 697.2 Q F0 -1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 697.2 R(The return status is 0.)144 -709.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(74)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(74)193.45 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.703(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 -(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 -3.108(,e)C .608 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) +-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 +144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C +.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 +F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 +168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A +F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ +ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) +-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 E F0(and) +3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F +.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 +(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 +E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q +.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 +F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 +(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 +(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 390 Q F1(test) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 406.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 406.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +418.8 Q F1(trap)108 435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .702(The command)144 447.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 120 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 132 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F -(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F13.36 E -F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.658(\(the v)144 471.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) +144.34 483.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 495.6 R +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 507.6 R F13.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 168 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a) -144 210 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 222 Q(UG) --.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F2(ar) -3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .145 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G -.7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.473 -E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 519.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 531.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 543.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 561.6 R F4 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 573.6 Q +(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 585.6 Q F4 +(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 597.6 R F2 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 +(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 621.6 Q F4(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F3 -(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ +.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 651.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E +F2(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 312 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 324 -R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 336 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.887 -E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +ro e)144 663.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +675.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 687.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 699.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 360 R 1.28 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 372 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 -(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -390 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 402 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 414 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -430.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 442.8 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) -3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1144 454.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 466.8 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 478.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 490.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -502.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 514.8 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1 -2.612 E F0(and)144 526.8 Q F13.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 -F .731 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1 -144 538.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 550.8 R F1 -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 -(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 562.8 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 574.8 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) -5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 586.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 603.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -615.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 -(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 -(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 627.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 -(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 639.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 -(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 651.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -663.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 -(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 675.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 687.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 -(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 699.6 R F12.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 711.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(75)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 711.6 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 723.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(75) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 84 Q F1144 -96 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 96 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1 -144 108 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 108 Q F1 -144 120 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 120 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 -G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 132 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 132 Q F1144 144 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 156 -Q F1144 168 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 168 Q F1 -144 180 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 180 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1144 192 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 192 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 204 Q -F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 204 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 216 Q F1144 228 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 228 Q F1 -144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 240 Q F1144 252 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 252 Q F1144 264 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 264 Q F1144 276 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 276 Q F1144 288 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 288 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 300 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 300 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 312 -Q F1144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 324 Q F1 -144 336 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 336 Q F1 -144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 348 Q(If)144 364.8 -Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 -(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F -2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 -E .044(no option is gi)144 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -388.8 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 400.8 R 1.438 -(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 412.8 R --.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 -(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -424.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 -(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ -therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 465.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -477.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 -(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547 -(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 501.6 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 513.6 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 542.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 554.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 571.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 583.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 -3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 -(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 595.2 Q F0 1.551 -(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 607.2 R F1 -4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 -2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 -(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 631.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 -F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 643.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 -(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 655.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G -1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 667.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 -(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 679.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E -F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 -691.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 -G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2017 February 1)141.79 E(76)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S +.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 +(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F2144 148.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 +(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.612 +E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 +(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 +(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2 +3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) +5.23 F F2144 232.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2(type) +4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G +(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) +144 244.8 R F23.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F +.743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 +(commands is not consulted when using)144 256.8 R F23.723 E F0 +6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 1.223 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 +268.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.326 E +F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) +-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F +(found.)144 280.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 +(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F +.944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943 +(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) +144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F +.742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F22.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 405.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 +144 417.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 417.6 Q F2 +144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 429.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 441.6 Q F2144 453.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 453.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 465.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 465.6 Q F2144 +477.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +477.6 Q F2144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +489.6 Q F2144 501.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 501.6 Q F2 +144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 513.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 525.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 537.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 549.6 Q F2144 561.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 561.6 Q F2 +144 573.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 573.6 Q F2 +144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 585.6 +Q F2144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 597.6 Q F2144 +609.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 609.6 Q F2 +144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 621.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 633.6 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 633.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +645.6 Q F2144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +669.6 Q F2144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 681.6 Q +(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F22.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F2 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F2 +2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 +722.4 R F24.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 +4.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F24.089 E F0(,)A F2 +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F24.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(76) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(wait)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 96 S .659(it for each speci\214ed ch\ -ild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) -3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 -(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E -F2(id)144.01 120 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521 -(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.439(unscaled v) +144 84 R 1.439(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438 +(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404 +(return status is 0 unless an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404 +(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 +108 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 136.8 +R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ +therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ +pted by)144 148.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +160.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 172.8 R .547 +(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G +(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 184.8 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 196.8 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 225.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E +F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 266.4 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 +3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 +(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 +(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 278.4 Q F0 1.55 +(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 290.4 R F1 +4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 +F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 +(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 314.4 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 +(options are supplied, each)144 326.4 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 +(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 338.4 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G +1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 350.4 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 362.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 +F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 +374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 391.2 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 +403.2 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ +nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process) +3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 +G .008(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.008 E F2(id)144.01 427.2 Q F0 .521(is not gi)3.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 132 Q F1 -3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.522 E(the)144 439.2 Q F1 +3.057 E F0 .557(option is supplied,)3.057 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 -(If the)5.557 F F13.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 144 R F1(wait)3.086 -E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 -(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .998 -(tus, intead of returning when it changes status.)144 156 R(If)5.999 E -F2(id)3.509 E F0 .999(speci\214es a non-e)4.269 F .999 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 168 R -.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 -(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 180 -Q(.)-.55 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 196.8 Q F0(If) -108 208.8 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1 -(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 -E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. 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2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 256.8 Q +(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 268.8 Q +(.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode)-.65 E F4(sh) +108 280.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A +F4(emacs)108 292.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 +304.8 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 321.6 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 +333.6 Q F0(The)144 345.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E +F4(/etc/pr)109.666 357.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 369.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 381.6 Q(o\214le)-.45 +E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 393.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 405.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(The indi)144 417.6 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 429.6 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 +(The indi)144 441.6 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.inputr) +109.666 453.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 465.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re) +2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 482.4 S +(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 494.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E +(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 506.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 523.2 Q +1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 535.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 +E F3 -.11(BU)72 552 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 +(If you \214nd a b)108 564 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 576 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F +F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 +(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 588 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E +F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 604.8 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 +(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 +(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 616.8 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) +-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 +(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F +(be mailed to)108 628.8 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 645.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) +108 662.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 674.4 +Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 686.4 +Q 2.5(Ad)108 698.4 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 79 79 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(As)108 84 S +(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b).15 +E(ug)-.2 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 100.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -446.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +117.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 463.2 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 475.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 492 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 -(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 504 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E -(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 520.8 Q(Shell b)108 537.6 Q +.25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 134.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 +146.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 +(There are some subtle dif)108 163.2 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F/F3 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 +(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 +(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 175.2 Q F0 +(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 192 Q +(Shell b)108 208.8 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 554.4 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 566.4 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 578.4 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ -ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 590.4 Q(Array v)108 607.2 -Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 624 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 February 1)141.79 -E(78)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +re not handled gracefully when)108 225.6 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 237.6 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 +(mand in the sequence.)108 249.6 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 261.6 Q(Array v)108 +278.4 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 295.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2017 March 22)144.29 E +(79)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 620c0311..1ef93b7e 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -75,73 +75,73 @@ @xrdef{Shell Functions-pg}{17} @xrdef{Shell Parameters-title}{Shell Parameters} @xrdef{Shell Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4} -@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{18} +@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{19} @xrdef{Positional Parameters-title}{Positional Parameters} @xrdef{Positional Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.1} -@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{19} @xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters} @xrdef{Special Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.2} +@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{20} @xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{20} @xrdef{Shell Expansions-title}{Shell Expansions} @xrdef{Shell Expansions-snt}{Section@tie 3.5} +@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{21} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-title}{Brace Expansion} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.1} -@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{21} -@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{21} +@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{22} @xrdef{Tilde Expansion-title}{Tilde Expansion} @xrdef{Tilde Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.2} -@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{22} @xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-title}{Shell Parameter Expansion} @xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.3} -@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{23} +@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{23} +@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{24} @xrdef{Command Substitution-title}{Command Substitution} @xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4} +@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{29} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5} @xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution} @xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6} -@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{29} -@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{29} @xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} @xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} +@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{30} +@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{30} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8} -@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{30} -@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{30} -@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{30} +@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{31} +@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{31} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1} -@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{31} +@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{32} @xrdef{Quote Removal-title}{Quote Removal} @xrdef{Quote Removal-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.9} @xrdef{Redirections-title}{Redirections} @xrdef{Redirections-snt}{Section@tie 3.6} -@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{32} -@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{32} +@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{33} +@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{33} @xrdef{Executing Commands-title}{Executing Commands} @xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7} @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion} @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.1} -@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{36} -@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{36} @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution} @xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2} +@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{37} +@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{37} @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment} @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3} -@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{37} -@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{37} +@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{38} +@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{38} @xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment} @xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4} -@xrdef{Environment-pg}{38} +@xrdef{Environment-pg}{39} @xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status} @xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5} @xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals} @xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6} -@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{39} -@xrdef{Signals-pg}{39} +@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{40} +@xrdef{Signals-pg}{40} @xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts} @xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8} -@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{40} +@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{41} @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4} @xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-title}{Bourne Shell Builtins} @@ -272,17 +272,17 @@ @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1} -@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History} -@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{120} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{120} +@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History} +@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2} @xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{121} @xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text} @xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3} @xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{122} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4} -@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{123} +@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{124} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You} @@ -297,88 +297,88 @@ @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{127} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5} +@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{129} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6} -@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{129} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{130} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{132} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8} -@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{135} +@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{136} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2} -@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{138} -@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{138} -@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{138} +@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{139} +@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{139} +@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{139} @xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion} @xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3} -@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{140} +@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{141} @xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators} @xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1} @xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators} @xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2} -@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{141} -@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{141} +@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{142} @xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers} @xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3} -@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{143} @xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash} @xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10} @xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation} @xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2} -@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{143} -@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{143} +@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{144} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3} @xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names} @xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5} -@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{144} -@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{144} -@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{144} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{145} +@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{145} +@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{145} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{145} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6} @xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls} @xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7} @xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features} @xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8} -@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{145} -@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{145} -@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{145} +@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{146} +@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{146} +@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{146} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}} -@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{151} +@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{152} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}} -@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{152} +@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{153} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}} -@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{158} +@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{159} @xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes} @xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}} @xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1} -@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{166} -@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{166} +@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{167} +@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{167} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2} @xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index} @xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3} -@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{167} -@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{168} +@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{168} +@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{169} @xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index} @xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4} -@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{170} +@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{171} @xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index} @xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5} -@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{172} +@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{173} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 502d8bf9..1d49b617 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ \entry{shopt}{64}{\code {shopt}} \entry{dirs}{94}{\code {dirs}} \entry{popd}{94}{\code {popd}} -\entry{pushd}{94}{\code {pushd}} +\entry{pushd}{95}{\code {pushd}} \entry{bg}{102}{\code {bg}} \entry{fg}{102}{\code {fg}} \entry{jobs}{102}{\code {jobs}} @@ -55,5 +55,5 @@ \entry{compgen}{132}{\code {compgen}} \entry{complete}{132}{\code {complete}} \entry{compopt}{135}{\code {compopt}} -\entry{fc}{138}{\code {fc}} -\entry{history}{139}{\code {history}} +\entry{fc}{139}{\code {fc}} +\entry{history}{140}{\code {history}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index 5d56d353..fb2d4b0f 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ \entry {\code {exit}}{44} \entry {\code {export}}{44} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {fc}}{138} +\entry {\code {fc}}{139} \entry {\code {fg}}{102} \initial {G} \entry {\code {getopts}}{44} \initial {H} \entry {\code {hash}}{45} \entry {\code {help}}{54} -\entry {\code {history}}{139} +\entry {\code {history}}{140} \initial {J} \entry {\code {jobs}}{102} \initial {K} @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ \initial {P} \entry {\code {popd}}{94} \entry {\code {printf}}{55} -\entry {\code {pushd}}{94} +\entry {\code {pushd}}{95} \entry {\code {pwd}}{45} \initial {R} \entry {\code {read}}{56} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index a5979bc1..0970f8f7 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -39,38 +39,38 @@ \entry{coprocess}{15}{coprocess} \entry{shell function}{17}{shell function} \entry{functions, shell}{17}{functions, shell} -\entry{parameters}{18}{parameters} -\entry{variable, shell}{18}{variable, shell} -\entry{shell variable}{18}{shell variable} -\entry{parameters, positional}{19}{parameters, positional} +\entry{parameters}{19}{parameters} +\entry{variable, shell}{19}{variable, shell} +\entry{shell variable}{19}{shell variable} +\entry{parameters, positional}{20}{parameters, positional} \entry{parameters, special}{20}{parameters, special} \entry{expansion}{21}{expansion} -\entry{brace expansion}{21}{brace expansion} -\entry{expansion, brace}{21}{expansion, brace} -\entry{tilde expansion}{22}{tilde expansion} -\entry{expansion, tilde}{22}{expansion, tilde} -\entry{parameter expansion}{23}{parameter expansion} -\entry{expansion, parameter}{23}{expansion, parameter} +\entry{brace expansion}{22}{brace expansion} +\entry{expansion, brace}{22}{expansion, brace} +\entry{tilde expansion}{23}{tilde expansion} +\entry{expansion, tilde}{23}{expansion, tilde} +\entry{parameter expansion}{24}{parameter expansion} +\entry{expansion, parameter}{24}{expansion, parameter} \entry{command substitution}{29}{command substitution} -\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{29}{expansion, arithmetic} -\entry{arithmetic expansion}{29}{arithmetic expansion} +\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{30}{expansion, arithmetic} +\entry{arithmetic expansion}{30}{arithmetic expansion} \entry{process substitution}{30}{process substitution} -\entry{word splitting}{30}{word splitting} -\entry{expansion, filename}{30}{expansion, filename} -\entry{expansion, pathname}{30}{expansion, pathname} -\entry{filename expansion}{30}{filename expansion} -\entry{pathname expansion}{30}{pathname expansion} -\entry{pattern matching}{31}{pattern matching} -\entry{matching, pattern}{31}{matching, pattern} -\entry{redirection}{32}{redirection} -\entry{command expansion}{36}{command expansion} -\entry{command execution}{37}{command execution} -\entry{command search}{37}{command search} -\entry{execution environment}{37}{execution environment} -\entry{environment}{38}{environment} -\entry{exit status}{39}{exit status} -\entry{signal handling}{39}{signal handling} -\entry{shell script}{40}{shell script} +\entry{word splitting}{31}{word splitting} +\entry{expansion, filename}{31}{expansion, filename} +\entry{expansion, pathname}{31}{expansion, pathname} +\entry{filename expansion}{31}{filename expansion} +\entry{pathname expansion}{31}{pathname expansion} +\entry{pattern matching}{32}{pattern matching} +\entry{matching, pattern}{32}{matching, pattern} +\entry{redirection}{33}{redirection} +\entry{command expansion}{37}{command expansion} +\entry{command execution}{38}{command execution} +\entry{command search}{38}{command search} +\entry{execution environment}{38}{execution environment} +\entry{environment}{39}{environment} +\entry{exit status}{40}{exit status} +\entry{signal handling}{40}{signal handling} +\entry{shell script}{41}{shell script} \entry{special builtin}{70}{special builtin} \entry{login shell}{85}{login shell} \entry{interactive shell}{85}{interactive shell} @@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ \entry{variables, readline}{109}{variables, readline} \entry{programmable completion}{130}{programmable completion} \entry{completion builtins}{132}{completion builtins} -\entry{History, how to use}{137}{History, how to use} -\entry{command history}{138}{command history} -\entry{history list}{138}{history list} -\entry{history builtins}{138}{history builtins} -\entry{history expansion}{140}{history expansion} -\entry{event designators}{141}{event designators} -\entry{history events}{141}{history events} -\entry{installation}{143}{installation} -\entry{configuration}{143}{configuration} -\entry{Bash installation}{143}{Bash installation} -\entry{Bash configuration}{143}{Bash configuration} +\entry{History, how to use}{138}{History, how to use} +\entry{command history}{139}{command history} +\entry{history list}{139}{history list} +\entry{history builtins}{139}{history builtins} +\entry{history expansion}{141}{history expansion} +\entry{event designators}{142}{event designators} +\entry{history events}{142}{history events} +\entry{installation}{144}{installation} +\entry{configuration}{144}{configuration} +\entry{Bash installation}{144}{Bash installation} +\entry{Bash configuration}{144}{Bash configuration} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index c6331b79..df6c7e0d 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ \initial {A} \entry {alias expansion}{91} \entry {arithmetic evaluation}{90} -\entry {arithmetic expansion}{29} +\entry {arithmetic expansion}{30} \entry {arithmetic, shell}{90} \entry {arrays}{92} \initial {B} \entry {background}{101} -\entry {Bash configuration}{143} -\entry {Bash installation}{143} +\entry {Bash configuration}{144} +\entry {Bash installation}{144} \entry {Bourne shell}{5} -\entry {brace expansion}{21} +\entry {brace expansion}{22} \entry {builtin}{3} \initial {C} \entry {command editing}{106} -\entry {command execution}{37} -\entry {command expansion}{36} -\entry {command history}{138} -\entry {command search}{37} +\entry {command execution}{38} +\entry {command expansion}{37} +\entry {command history}{139} +\entry {command search}{38} \entry {command substitution}{29} \entry {command timing}{8} \entry {commands, compound}{9} @@ -29,43 +29,43 @@ \entry {commands, simple}{8} \entry {comments, shell}{7} \entry {completion builtins}{132} -\entry {configuration}{143} +\entry {configuration}{144} \entry {control operator}{3} \entry {coprocess}{15} \initial {D} \entry {directory stack}{94} \initial {E} \entry {editing command lines}{106} -\entry {environment}{38} +\entry {environment}{39} \entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{90} -\entry {event designators}{141} -\entry {execution environment}{37} -\entry {exit status}{3, 39} +\entry {event designators}{142} +\entry {execution environment}{38} +\entry {exit status}{3, 40} \entry {expansion}{21} -\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{29} -\entry {expansion, brace}{21} -\entry {expansion, filename}{30} -\entry {expansion, parameter}{23} -\entry {expansion, pathname}{30} -\entry {expansion, tilde}{22} +\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{30} +\entry {expansion, brace}{22} +\entry {expansion, filename}{31} +\entry {expansion, parameter}{24} +\entry {expansion, pathname}{31} +\entry {expansion, tilde}{23} \entry {expressions, arithmetic}{90} \entry {expressions, conditional}{88} \initial {F} \entry {field}{3} \entry {filename}{3} -\entry {filename expansion}{30} +\entry {filename expansion}{31} \entry {foreground}{101} \entry {functions, shell}{17} \initial {H} -\entry {history builtins}{138} -\entry {history events}{141} -\entry {history expansion}{140} -\entry {history list}{138} -\entry {History, how to use}{137} +\entry {history builtins}{139} +\entry {history events}{142} +\entry {history expansion}{141} +\entry {history list}{139} +\entry {History, how to use}{138} \initial {I} \entry {identifier}{3} \entry {initialization file, readline}{108} -\entry {installation}{143} +\entry {installation}{144} \entry {interaction, readline}{105} \entry {interactive shell}{85, 86} \entry {internationalization}{7} @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ \entry {localization}{7} \entry {login shell}{85} \initial {M} -\entry {matching, pattern}{31} +\entry {matching, pattern}{32} \entry {metacharacter}{3} \initial {N} \entry {name}{3} @@ -88,12 +88,12 @@ \initial {O} \entry {operator, shell}{3} \initial {P} -\entry {parameter expansion}{23} -\entry {parameters}{18} -\entry {parameters, positional}{19} +\entry {parameter expansion}{24} +\entry {parameters}{19} +\entry {parameters, positional}{20} \entry {parameters, special}{20} -\entry {pathname expansion}{30} -\entry {pattern matching}{31} +\entry {pathname expansion}{31} +\entry {pattern matching}{32} \entry {pipeline}{8} \entry {POSIX}{3} \entry {POSIX Mode}{97} @@ -107,30 +107,30 @@ \entry {quoting, ANSI}{6} \initial {R} \entry {Readline, how to use}{104} -\entry {redirection}{32} +\entry {redirection}{33} \entry {reserved word}{3} \entry {restricted shell}{96} \entry {return status}{4} \initial {S} \entry {shell arithmetic}{90} \entry {shell function}{17} -\entry {shell script}{40} -\entry {shell variable}{18} +\entry {shell script}{41} +\entry {shell variable}{19} \entry {shell, interactive}{86} \entry {signal}{4} -\entry {signal handling}{39} +\entry {signal handling}{40} \entry {special builtin}{4, 70} \entry {startup files}{85} \entry {suspending jobs}{101} \initial {T} -\entry {tilde expansion}{22} +\entry {tilde expansion}{23} \entry {token}{4} \entry {translation, native languages}{7} \initial {V} -\entry {variable, shell}{18} +\entry {variable, shell}{19} \entry {variables, readline}{109} \initial {W} \entry {word}{4} -\entry {word splitting}{30} +\entry {word splitting}{31} \initial {Y} \entry {yanking text}{107} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index be0fcd22..088dbbfa 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.fn b/doc/bashref.fn index 11f784af..d42a7af0 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fn +++ b/doc/bashref.fn @@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ \entry{backward-word (M-b)}{120}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} \entry{shell-forward-word ()}{120}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}} \entry{shell-backward-word ()}{120}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}} -\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{120}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} -\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{120}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} +\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{120}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}} +\entry{next-screen-line ()}{121}{\code {next-screen-line ()}} +\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{121}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} +\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{121}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} \entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{121}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} \entry{previous-history (C-p)}{121}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} \entry{next-history (C-n)}{121}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} @@ -18,16 +20,16 @@ \entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{121}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} \entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{121}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} \entry{history-search-forward ()}{121}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-search-backward ()}{121}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} -\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{121}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-search-backward ()}{122}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} +\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{122}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}} \entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{122}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}} \entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{122}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} \entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{122}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} \entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{122}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} \entry{delete-char (C-d)}{122}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} -\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{122}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} -\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{122}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} -\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{122}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} +\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{123}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} +\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{123}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} +\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{123}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} \entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{123}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} \entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{123}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} \entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{123}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} @@ -36,8 +38,8 @@ \entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{123}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} \entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{123}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} \entry{overwrite-mode ()}{123}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} -\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{123}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} -\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{123}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} +\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{124}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} +\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{124}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} \entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{124}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} \entry{kill-whole-line ()}{124}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} \entry{kill-word (M-d)}{124}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} @@ -50,16 +52,16 @@ \entry{kill-region ()}{124}{\code {kill-region ()}} \entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{124}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} \entry{copy-backward-word ()}{124}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} -\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{124}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} -\entry{yank (C-y)}{124}{\code {yank (C-y)}} -\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{124}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} +\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{125}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} +\entry{yank (C-y)}{125}{\code {yank (C-y)}} +\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{125}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} \entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{125}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} \entry{universal-argument ()}{125}{\code {universal-argument ()}} \entry{complete (TAB)}{125}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} \entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{125}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} \entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{125}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} \entry{menu-complete ()}{125}{\code {menu-complete ()}} -\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{125}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} +\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{126}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} \entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{126}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} \entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{126}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} \entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{126}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} @@ -72,8 +74,8 @@ \entry{complete-command (M-!)}{126}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} \entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{126}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} \entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{126}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} -\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{126}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} -\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{126}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} +\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{127}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} +\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{127}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} \entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{127}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} \entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{127}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} \entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{127}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} @@ -85,17 +87,17 @@ \entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{127}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} \entry{revert-line (M-r)}{127}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} \entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{127}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} -\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{127}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} -\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{127}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} -\entry{character-search (C-])}{127}{\code {character-search (C-])}} +\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{128}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} +\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{128}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} +\entry{character-search (C-])}{128}{\code {character-search (C-])}} \entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{128}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} \entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{128}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} \entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{128}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} \entry{dump-functions ()}{128}{\code {dump-functions ()}} \entry{dump-variables ()}{128}{\code {dump-variables ()}} \entry{dump-macros ()}{128}{\code {dump-macros ()}} -\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{128}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} -\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{128}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} +\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{129}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} +\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{129}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} \entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{129}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} \entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{129}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} \entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{129}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.fns b/doc/bashref.fns index 2f16e866..45a3570b 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fns +++ b/doc/bashref.fns @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ \entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{129} \initial {B} \entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{120} -\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{122} -\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{123} +\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{123} +\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{124} \entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{124} \entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{120} \entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{121} @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ \initial {C} \entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{127} \entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{123} -\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{127} +\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{128} \entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{128} -\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{120} +\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{121} \entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{125} \entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{126} \entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{126} \entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{126} -\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{126} +\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{127} \entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{126} \entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{126} \entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{124} -\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{124} +\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{125} \entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{124} \initial {D} -\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{126} +\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{127} \entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{122} \entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{126} \entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{124} @@ -46,38 +46,39 @@ \entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{122} \entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{121} \entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{120} -\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{127} +\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{128} \initial {F} -\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{122} +\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{123} \entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{120} \entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{121} \entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{120} \initial {G} -\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{128} -\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{128} +\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{129} +\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{129} \entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{129} \initial {H} \entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{129} \entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{129} -\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{122} \entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{121} \entry {\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{122} -\entry {\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{121} +\entry {\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{122} \initial {I} \entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{128} \entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{125} \entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{129} \initial {K} -\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{123} +\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{124} \entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{124} \entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{124} \entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{124} \initial {M} \entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{129} \entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{125} -\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{125} +\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{126} \initial {N} \entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{121} +\entry {\code {next-screen-line ()}}{121} \entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{121} \entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{121} \initial {O} @@ -92,17 +93,18 @@ \entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{126} \entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{127} \entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{121} +\entry {\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{120} \entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{127} \initial {Q} -\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{122} +\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{123} \initial {R} \entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{127} -\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{120} +\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{121} \entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{121} \entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{127} \initial {S} \entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{123} -\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{127} +\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{128} \entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{124} \entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{120} \entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{129} @@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ \entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{124} \entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{123} \initial {Y} -\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{124} +\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{125} \entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{122} \entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{122} -\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{124} +\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{125} diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 6e6f512f..e8d7a30e 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@