Jungfraujoch/viewer/image_viewer/JFJochImage.cpp

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Filip Leonarski, Paul Scherrer Institute <filip.leonarski@psi.ch>
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only

#include "JFJochImage.h"
#include "../RemoteDisplayMode.h"
#include "../../preview/JFJochJPEG.h"

#include <QGraphicsSimpleTextItem>
#include <QScrollBar>
#include <QWheelEvent>
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QContextMenuEvent>
#include <QClipboard>
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QMimeData>
#include <QFile>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QElapsedTimer>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QtConcurrent/QtConcurrent>
#include <cstring>

QRectF JFJochImageItem::boundingRect() const {
    return img_ ? QRectF(0, 0, img_->width(), img_->height()) : QRectF();
}

QPainterPath JFJochImageItem::opaqueArea() const {
    // The buffer is RGB32, so the item fully covers its bounding rect
    QPainterPath path;
    path.addRect(boundingRect());
    return path;
}

void JFJochImageItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *, QWidget *) {
    if (!img_ || img_->isNull())
        return;
    // QGraphicsPixmapItem defaults to Qt::FastTransformation and turned this hint off before
    // drawing; keep doing that, so zoomed-in detector pixels stay sharp squares.
    painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform, false);
    painter->drawImage(0, 0, *img_);
}

void JFJochImageItem::refresh() {
    prepareGeometryChange();
    update();
}

JFJochImage::JFJochImage(QWidget *parent) : QGraphicsView(parent) {
    setDragMode(QGraphicsView::NoDrag); // Disable default drag mode
    setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView::AnchorUnderMouse); // Zoom anchors
    setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing); // Enable smooth rendering
    setRenderHint(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform);

    setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);

    setFocusPolicy(Qt::ClickFocus);
    // Connect the horizontal scrollbar's valueChanged signal
    connect(horizontalScrollBar(), &QScrollBar::valueChanged, this, &JFJochImage::onScroll);

    // Connect the vertical scrollbar's valueChanged signal
    connect(verticalScrollBar(), &QScrollBar::valueChanged, this, &JFJochImage::onScroll);

    // Optional: a sensible default colormap
    color_scale.Select(ColorScaleEnum::Indigo);

    hover_tail_timer_ = new QTimer(this);
    hover_tail_timer_->setSingleShot(true);
    connect(hover_tail_timer_, &QTimer::timeout, this, &JFJochImage::UpdateHover);

    pan_tail_timer_ = new QTimer(this);
    pan_tail_timer_->setSingleShot(true);
    connect(pan_tail_timer_, &QTimer::timeout, this, &JFJochImage::ApplyPendingPan);

    zoom_tail_timer_ = new QTimer(this);
    zoom_tail_timer_->setSingleShot(true);
    connect(zoom_tail_timer_, &QTimer::timeout, this, &JFJochImage::ApplyPendingZoom);

    render_tail_timer_ = new QTimer(this);
    render_tail_timer_->setSingleShot(true);
    connect(render_tail_timer_, &QTimer::timeout, this, &JFJochImage::ScheduleRenderImage);
}

void JFJochImage::onScroll(int value) {
    if (suppress_overlay_update_)
        return;
    updateOverlay();
}

void JFJochImage::UpdateHover() {
    hover_rate_.restart();
    mouseHover(hover_scene_pos_, hover_modifiers_);
}

void JFJochImage::ScheduleHoverUpdate(const QPointF &scenePos, Qt::KeyboardModifiers modifiers) {
    hover_scene_pos_ = scenePos;
    hover_modifiers_ = modifiers;

    if (!hover_rate_.isValid() || hover_rate_.elapsed() >= kHoverIntervalMs) {
        hover_tail_timer_->stop();
        UpdateHover();
        return;
    }

    // Too soon. Push the catch-up back instead of queueing one per skipped motion, so it fires
    // once, after the pointer stops -- a catch-up that fires mid-gesture is an extra repaint.
    hover_tail_timer_->start(kHoverIntervalMs);
}

void JFJochImage::leaveEvent(QEvent *event) {
    // A tail update that fires now would report a position the pointer has already left
    hover_tail_timer_->stop();
    QGraphicsView::leaveEvent(event);
}

void JFJochImage::ScheduleRenderImage() {
    if (render_pending_)
        return;
    // Remotely a recolour repaint is a full-window upload, so a wheel or slider burst is
    // recoloured at the hover cadence; the tail run picks up the final value.
    if (RemoteDisplayMode() && render_rate_.isValid() && render_rate_.elapsed() < kHoverIntervalMs) {
        render_tail_timer_->start(kHoverIntervalMs);
        return;
    }
    render_tail_timer_->stop();
    render_pending_ = true;
    QTimer::singleShot(0, this, [this] {
        render_pending_ = false;
        render_rate_.restart();
        RenderImage();
        Redraw();
    });
}

void JFJochImage::changeBackground(float val) {
    background = val;
    ScheduleRenderImage();
}

void JFJochImage::changeForeground(float val) {
    auto_fg = false;
    emit autoForegroundChanged(false);
    foreground = val;
    // Regenerate the image
    ScheduleRenderImage();
}

void JFJochImage::setColorMap(int color_map) {
    try {
        color_scale.Select(static_cast<ColorScaleEnum>(color_map));
        // Regenerate the image
        RenderImage();
        Redraw();
    } catch (...) {
    }
}

void JFJochImage::setFeatureColor(QColor input) {
    feature_color = input;
    RenderImage();
    Redraw();
}

void JFJochImage::wheelEvent(QWheelEvent *event) {
    if (!scene()) return;

    const double zoomFactor = 1.15; // Zoom factor

    // Get the position of the mouse in scene coordinates
    QPointF targetScenePos = mapToScene(event->position().toPoint());

    // macOS turns Shift + a vertical mouse wheel into horizontal scrolling, so with Shift held the
    // notch arrives in x, not y. Take whichever axis carries it.
    const int delta = (event->angleDelta().y() != 0) ? event->angleDelta().y() : event->angleDelta().x();
    if (delta == 0)
        return;

    const bool exp_fg_adjust = (event->modifiers() & Qt::ControlModifier);
    const bool lin_fg_adjust = (event->modifiers() & Qt::ShiftModifier) || m_adjustForegroundWithWheel;

    if (m_adjustBackgroundWithWheel) {
        // Held B: the wheel moves the black point, clamped so a positive display range remains.
        float new_background = background + delta / 120.0f;
        new_background = std::clamp(new_background, 0.0f, std::max(0.0f, foreground - 1.0f));
        changeBackground(new_background);
        emit backgroundChanged(background);
    } else if (exp_fg_adjust || lin_fg_adjust) {
        float new_foreground = foreground;

        if (exp_fg_adjust) {
            const float step = (delta > 0) ? zoomFactor : (1.0 / zoomFactor);
            new_foreground = foreground * step;
        } else {
            new_foreground = foreground + delta / 120.0f;
        }

        // Keep the white point above the black point (1.0 when the background sits at zero).
        if (new_foreground < background + 1.0f)
            new_foreground = background + 1.0f;

        changeForeground(new_foreground);
        emit foregroundChanged(foreground);
    } else {
        pending_zoom_steps_ += (delta > 0) ? 1 : -1;
        zoom_anchor_vp_ = event->position().toPoint();
        if (RemoteDisplayMode() && zoom_rate_.isValid() && zoom_rate_.elapsed() < kHoverIntervalMs) {
            zoom_tail_timer_->start(kHoverIntervalMs);
        } else {
            zoom_tail_timer_->stop();
            ApplyPendingZoom();
        }
    }
}

void JFJochImage::ApplyPendingZoom() {
    zoom_rate_.restart();
    int steps = pending_zoom_steps_;
    pending_zoom_steps_ = 0;
    if (steps == 0 || !scene())
        return;

    const double zoomFactor = 1.15;

    // Keep the zoom focused on the (last) mouse position
    const QPointF targetScenePos = mapToScene(zoom_anchor_vp_);

    // Zooming and re-centering both move the scrollbars, and every move reaches
    // onScroll(); suppress those and rebuild the overlay once, below.
    suppress_overlay_update_ = true;

    for (; steps > 0; --steps) {
        if (scale_factor * zoomFactor < 500.0) {
            scale_factor *= zoomFactor;
            scale(zoomFactor, zoomFactor);
        }
    }
    for (; steps < 0; ++steps) {
        if (scale_factor > 0.2) {
            scale_factor *= 1.0 / zoomFactor;
            scale(1.0 / zoomFactor, 1.0 / zoomFactor);
        }
    }

    // Adjust the view's center to keep the zoom focused on the mouse position
    QPointF updatedViewportCenter = mapToScene(viewport()->rect().center());
    QPointF delta = targetScenePos - updatedViewportCenter;
    translate(delta.x(), delta.y()); // Shift the view

    suppress_overlay_update_ = false;

    updateOverlay();
    emitViewportChanged();
}

void JFJochImage::resizeEvent(QResizeEvent *event) {
    QGraphicsView::resizeEvent(event);

    if (scene())
        scene()->setSceneRect(ImageRect());

    // Retry a deferred initial fit: fitToViewShorterSideOnce() skips fitting while the viewport has no
    // real size yet (before the widget is laid out/shown), leaving the view at 1:1 - a small grid-scan
    // plot then renders tiny, "zoomed out". This is the retry its comment promises. Only while the
    // initial fit is still pending, so a later user resize never overrides a manual zoom.
    if (!initial_fit_done_)
        fitToViewShorterSideOnce();

    updateOverlay();
}

QPointF JFJochImage::RoundPoint(const QPointF &input) {
    return QPointF(qRound(input.x()), qRound(input.y()));
}

void JFJochImage::SetROIBox(QRect box) {
    roi_type = RoiType::RoiBox;
    roiBox= box;
    roiStartPos = roiBox.topLeft();
    roiEndPos = roiBox.bottomRight();
    Redraw();
}

void JFJochImage::SetROICircle(double x, double y, double radius) {
    roi_type = RoiType::RoiCircle;
    roiBox= QRectF(x - radius, y - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius).normalized();
    roiStartPos = roiBox.topLeft();
    roiEndPos = roiBox.bottomRight();
    Redraw();
}

void JFJochImage::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
    if (!scene()) return;

    if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
        const QPointF scenePos = mapToScene(event->pos());

        if (roiEditPress(scenePos)) {
            mouse_event_type = MouseEventType::EditingExternalROI;
            event->accept();
            return;
        }

        active_handle_ = AllowROI()
                         ? hitTestROIHandle(scenePos, 4.0 / std::sqrt(std::max(1e-4, scale_factor)))
                         : ResizeHandle::None;

        if (active_handle_ != ResizeHandle::None && active_handle_ != ResizeHandle::Inside) {
            mouse_event_type = MouseEventType::ResizingROI;
            roiStartPos = roiBox.topLeft();
            roiEndPos = roiBox.bottomRight();
            setCursor(Qt::SizeAllCursor);
        } else if (AllowROI() && roiBox.contains(scenePos)) {
            mouse_event_type = MouseEventType::MovingROI;
            lastMousePos = event->pos();
            setCursor(Qt::ClosedHandCursor);
        } else if (AllowROI() && (event->modifiers() & Qt::Modifier::SHIFT)) {
            mouse_event_type = MouseEventType::DrawingROI;
            roiStartPos = RoundPoint(scenePos);
            roiEndPos = roiStartPos;
            roi_type = (event->modifiers() & Qt::Modifier::CTRL) ? RoiType::RoiCircle : RoiType::RoiBox;
            setCursor(Qt::CrossCursor);
        } else {
            mouse_event_type = MouseEventType::Panning;
            setCursor(Qt::ClosedHandCursor);
            lastMousePos = event->pos();
        }
    }

    QGraphicsView::mousePressEvent(event);
}
void JFJochImage::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
    if (!scene())
        return;

    const QPointF scenePos = mapToScene(event->pos());
    ScheduleHoverUpdate(scenePos, event->modifiers());
    QPointF delta;

    switch (mouse_event_type) {
        case MouseEventType::EditingExternalROI:
            roiEditMove(scenePos);
            return;
        case MouseEventType::Panning: {
            pending_pan_ += event->pos() - lastMousePos;
            lastMousePos = event->pos();

            if (RemoteDisplayMode() && pan_rate_.isValid() && pan_rate_.elapsed() < kHoverIntervalMs) {
                pan_tail_timer_->start(kHoverIntervalMs);
                break;
            }
            pan_tail_timer_->stop();
            ApplyPendingPan();
            break;
        }
        case MouseEventType::DrawingROI:
            roiEndPos = RoundPoint(scenePos);
            updateROI();
            break;
        case MouseEventType::MovingROI:
            delta = mapToScene(event->pos()) - mapToScene(lastMousePos);
            lastMousePos = event->pos();
            roiBox.translate(delta);
            updateROI();
            break;
        case MouseEventType::ResizingROI: {
            // Modify the corresponding edges based on active_handle_
            if (roi_type == RoiType::RoiCircle) {
                // Resize circle by radius only, keep center fixed
                const QPointF c = roiBox.center();
                const qreal dx = scenePos.x() - c.x();
                const qreal dy = scenePos.y() - c.y();
                qreal r = std::hypot(dx, dy);
                const qreal rMin = 1.0; // clamp tiny radii
                if (r < rMin) r = rMin;
                roiBox = QRectF(c.x() - r, c.y() - r, 2*r, 2*r);
            } else {
                // Box: modify edges based on active handle
                QRectF r = roiBox;
                switch (active_handle_) {
                    case ResizeHandle::Left:       r.setLeft(scenePos.x()); break;
                    case ResizeHandle::Right:      r.setRight(scenePos.x()); break;
                    case ResizeHandle::Top:        r.setTop(scenePos.y()); break;
                    case ResizeHandle::Bottom:     r.setBottom(scenePos.y()); break;
                    case ResizeHandle::TopLeft:    r.setTop(scenePos.y()); r.setLeft(scenePos.x()); break;
                    case ResizeHandle::TopRight:   r.setTop(scenePos.y()); r.setRight(scenePos.x()); break;
                    case ResizeHandle::BottomLeft: r.setBottom(scenePos.y()); r.setLeft(scenePos.x()); break;
                    case ResizeHandle::BottomRight:r.setBottom(scenePos.y()); r.setRight(scenePos.x()); break;
                    default: break;
                }
                roiBox = r.normalized();

            }
            updateROI();
            break;
        }
        case MouseEventType::None: {
            if (!AllowROI())
                break;
            const qreal tol = 4.0 / std::sqrt(std::max(1e-4, scale_factor));
            ResizeHandle h = hitTestROIHandle(scenePos, tol);
            // Update hover state so overlay can draw arrows/handles accordingly
            if (h != hover_handle_) {
                hover_handle_ = h;
                updateOverlay();
            }
            // Set an informative cursor
            switch (h) {
                case ResizeHandle::Left:
                case ResizeHandle::Right:
                    setCursor(Qt::SizeHorCursor); break;
                case ResizeHandle::Top:
                case ResizeHandle::Bottom:
                    setCursor(Qt::SizeVerCursor); break;
                case ResizeHandle::TopLeft:
                case ResizeHandle::BottomRight:
                    setCursor(Qt::SizeFDiagCursor); break;
                case ResizeHandle::TopRight:
                case ResizeHandle::BottomLeft:
                    setCursor(Qt::SizeBDiagCursor); break;
                case ResizeHandle::Inside:
                    setCursor(Qt::OpenHandCursor); break;
                case ResizeHandle::None:
                    setCursor(Qt::ArrowCursor); break;
            }

            break;
        }
    }

    QGraphicsView::mouseMoveEvent(event);
}

void JFJochImage::ApplyPendingPan() {
    pan_rate_.restart();
    if (pending_pan_.isNull())
        return;

    // Each setValue() reaches onScroll(), so the overlay was rebuilt three times per
    // mouse move. Suppress those and rebuild once, below.
    suppress_overlay_update_ = true;
    horizontalScrollBar()->setValue(horizontalScrollBar()->value() - pending_pan_.x());
    verticalScrollBar()->setValue(verticalScrollBar()->value() - pending_pan_.y());
    suppress_overlay_update_ = false;
    pending_pan_ = QPoint();

    updateOverlay();
    emitViewportChanged();
}

void JFJochImage::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
    if (!scene()) return;

    if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
        if (mouse_event_type == MouseEventType::Panning) {
            // Land the view exactly where the drag ended, even if the last motions were skipped
            pan_tail_timer_->stop();
            ApplyPendingPan();
        }
        if (mouse_event_type == MouseEventType::EditingExternalROI) {
            roiEditRelease();
        } else {
            const bool drawn = (mouse_event_type == MouseEventType::DrawingROI);
            if (drawn)
                roiEndPos = RoundPoint(mapToScene(event->pos()));
            updateROI();
            if (drawn)
                roiScratchDrawn();   // turn the drawn scratch box/circle into a persistent ROI
        }
    }

    mouse_event_type = MouseEventType::None;
    active_handle_ = ResizeHandle::None;
    setCursor(Qt::ArrowCursor);
    QGraphicsView::mouseReleaseEvent(event);

}

void JFJochImage::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event) {
    QMenu menu(this);

    QAction *copyImageAct = menu.addAction(tr("Copy image"));
    QAction *copyWithOverlayAct = menu.addAction(tr("Copy image with overlay"));
    menu.addSeparator();
    QAction *saveImageAct = menu.addAction(tr("Save image as JPEG..."));
    QAction *saveWithOverlayAct = menu.addAction(tr("Save image with overlay as JPEG..."));
    menu.addSeparator();
    QAction *fitAct = menu.addAction(tr("Fit image to view"));
    QAction *clearRoiAct = AllowROI() ? menu.addAction(tr("Clear ROI")) : nullptr;

    const bool hasImage = (W > 0 && H > 0 && !frame_->isNull());
    copyImageAct->setEnabled(hasImage);
    copyWithOverlayAct->setEnabled(hasImage && scene());
    saveImageAct->setEnabled(hasImage);
    saveWithOverlayAct->setEnabled(hasImage && scene());

    QAction *chosen = menu.exec(event->globalPos());
    if (!chosen) return;

    if (chosen == copyImageAct) {
        copyImageToClipboard();
    } else if (chosen == copyWithOverlayAct) {
        copyImageWithOverlayToClipboard();
    } else if (chosen == saveImageAct) {
        saveImageToFile(false);
    } else if (chosen == saveWithOverlayAct) {
        saveImageToFile(true);
    } else if (chosen == fitAct) {
        fitToView();
    } else if (clearRoiAct && chosen == clearRoiAct) {
        clearROIInternal();
    }
}

// JPEG goes through our own libjpeg-turbo, not QImage::save - the viewer links no Qt JPEG plugin
// (see viewer/CMakeLists.txt). JPEG cannot store alpha, so it is dropped. Empty on failure.
static QByteArray encodeJPEG(const QImage &img, int quality) {
    const QImage src = img.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888);
    std::vector<rgb> pixels(size_t(src.width()) * src.height());
    for (int y = 0; y < src.height(); y++)
        memcpy(pixels.data() + size_t(y) * src.width(), src.constScanLine(y), size_t(src.width()) * sizeof(rgb));
    try {
        const std::string jpeg = WriteJPEGToMem(CompressedImage(pixels, src.width(), src.height()), quality);
        return {jpeg.data(), qsizetype(jpeg.size())};
    } catch (const std::exception &) {
        return {};
    }
}

static void setClipboardAsJpegAndImage(const QImage &img, int quality = 95) {
    // Provide both "image/jpeg" and generic image flavors for better compatibility
    QImage toSave = img;
    // Force 1:1 pixel ratio and standard DPI (96) to avoid scaling in consumer apps
    toSave.setDevicePixelRatio(1.0);
    constexpr int dotsPerMeter96DPI = 3780; // 96 DPI
    toSave.setDotsPerMeterX(dotsPerMeter96DPI);
    toSave.setDotsPerMeterY(dotsPerMeter96DPI);

    toSave = toSave.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_ARGB32); // ensure a known format for encoding

    auto *mime = new QMimeData();
    mime->setData("image/jpeg", encodeJPEG(toSave, quality));
    mime->setImageData(toSave); // also set as generic bitmap
    QGuiApplication::clipboard()->setMimeData(mime);

}

QImage JFJochImage::renderToImage(bool with_overlay) {
    QImage img;
    if (with_overlay && scene()) {
        // Render the entire scene (image + overlay) at native image resolution
        img = QImage(int(W), int(H), QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
        img.fill(Qt::transparent);
        QPainter p(&img);
        scene()->render(&p, QRectF(0, 0, qreal(W), qreal(H)), ImageRect());
        p.end();
    } else {
        // The underlying rendered image (no overlay)
        img = *frame_;
    }
    // Ensure 1:1 pixel ratio and 96 DPI metadata to avoid rescaling in consumer apps
    img.setDevicePixelRatio(1.0);
    constexpr int dotsPerMeter96DPI = 3780;
    img.setDotsPerMeterX(dotsPerMeter96DPI);
    img.setDotsPerMeterY(dotsPerMeter96DPI);
    return img;
}

void JFJochImage::copyImageToClipboard() {
    if (W == 0 || H == 0 || frame_->isNull()) return;

    setClipboardAsJpegAndImage(renderToImage(false), 95);
    emit writeStatusBar(tr("Image copied to clipboard"), 2000);
}

void JFJochImage::copyImageWithOverlayToClipboard() {
    if (W == 0 || H == 0 || !scene()) return;

    setClipboardAsJpegAndImage(renderToImage(true), 95);
    emit writeStatusBar(tr("Image with overlay copied to clipboard"), 2000);
}

void JFJochImage::saveImageToFile(bool with_overlay) {
    if (W == 0 || H == 0 || frame_->isNull()) return;
    if (with_overlay && !scene()) return;

    const QString caption = with_overlay ? tr("Save image with overlay as JPEG")
                                         : tr("Save image as JPEG");
    QString file_name = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, caption, QString(),
                                                     tr("JPEG image (*.jpg *.jpeg)"));
    if (file_name.isEmpty())
        return;
    if (!file_name.endsWith(".jpg", Qt::CaseInsensitive) && !file_name.endsWith(".jpeg", Qt::CaseInsensitive))
        file_name += ".jpg";

    const QByteArray jpeg = encodeJPEG(renderToImage(with_overlay), 95);
    QFile file(file_name);
    if (!jpeg.isEmpty() && file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly) && file.write(jpeg) == jpeg.size())
        emit writeStatusBar(tr("Saved %1").arg(file_name), 3000);
    else
        emit writeStatusBar(tr("Failed to save %1").arg(file_name), 3000);
}

void JFJochImage::clearROIInternal() {
    roiBox = QRectF();     // clear any ROI
    // Keep current roi_type; ROI simply becomes empty
    updateOverlay();
    emit writeStatusBar(tr("ROI cleared"), 1500);
}

JFJochImage::ResizeHandle
JFJochImage::hitTestROIHandle(const QPointF& scenePos, qreal tol) const {
        if (roiBox.isNull() || roiBox.width() <= 0 || roiBox.height() <= 0)
        return ResizeHandle::None;

    const QRectF r = roiBox;

    if (roi_type == RoiType::RoiCircle) {
        // Circle hit test: near perimeter -> resize, inside -> move
        const QPointF c = r.center();
        const qreal rx = r.width() * 0.5;
        const qreal ry = r.height() * 0.5;
        // Enforce circular assumption: use average radius
        const qreal rad = 0.5 * (rx + ry);
        const qreal dx = scenePos.x() - c.x();
        const qreal dy = scenePos.y() - c.y();
        const qreal d = std::hypot(dx, dy);
        if (std::abs(d - rad) <= tol) {
            // generic "edge" resize handle for circle
            return ResizeHandle::Right;
        }
        if (d < rad) return ResizeHandle::Inside;
        return ResizeHandle::None;
    }

    // Box hit test (corners first)
    const QPointF tl = r.topLeft();
    const QPointF tr = r.topRight();
    const QPointF bl = r.bottomLeft();
    const QPointF br = r.bottomRight();

    auto nearPt = [&](const QPointF& a, const QPointF& b, qreal t) {
        return std::abs(a.x() - b.x()) <= t && std::abs(a.y() - b.y()) <= t;
    };

    if (nearPt(scenePos, tl, tol)) return ResizeHandle::TopLeft;
    if (nearPt(scenePos, tr, tol)) return ResizeHandle::TopRight;
    if (nearPt(scenePos, bl, tol)) return ResizeHandle::BottomLeft;
    if (nearPt(scenePos, br, tol)) return ResizeHandle::BottomRight;

    // Edges
    if (std::abs(scenePos.x() - r.left()) <= tol && scenePos.y() >= r.top() - tol && scenePos.y() <= r.bottom() + tol)
        return ResizeHandle::Left;
    if (std::abs(scenePos.x() - r.right()) <= tol && scenePos.y() >= r.top() - tol && scenePos.y() <= r.bottom() + tol)
        return ResizeHandle::Right;
    if (std::abs(scenePos.y() - r.top()) <= tol && scenePos.x() >= r.left() - tol && scenePos.x() <= r.right() + tol)
        return ResizeHandle::Top;
    if (std::abs(scenePos.y() - r.bottom()) <= tol && scenePos.x() >= r.left() - tol && scenePos.x() <= r.right() + tol)
        return ResizeHandle::Bottom;

    if (r.contains(scenePos)) return ResizeHandle::Inside;
    return ResizeHandle::None;
}

void JFJochImage::updateROI() {
    if (roi_type == RoiType::RoiBox) {
        if (mouse_event_type == MouseEventType::DrawingROI) {
            // While drawing: construct box from start/end
            QRectF rect = QRectF(RoundPoint(roiStartPos), RoundPoint(roiEndPos)).normalized();
            roiBox = rect;
        } else {
            // While moving/resizing: keep roiBox as modified, just sync corners
            roiStartPos = roiBox.topLeft();
            roiEndPos   = roiBox.bottomRight();
        }
        emit roiBoxUpdated(roiBox.toRect());
    } else {
        double radius;
        if (mouse_event_type == MouseEventType::DrawingROI) {
            // Center at roiStartPos, radius from start->end
            QPointF delta = roiStartPos - roiEndPos;
            radius = std::sqrt(delta.x() * delta.x() + delta.y() * delta.y());
            roiBox = QRectF(roiStartPos.x() - radius, roiStartPos.y() - radius,
                            2 * radius, 2 * radius).normalized();
        } else {
            // Moving/resizing: infer center/radius from roiBox
            const QPointF c = roiBox.center();
            radius = 0.5 * std::min(roiBox.width(), roiBox.height());
            roiStartPos = c;                          // treat start as center for consistency
            roiEndPos   = QPointF(c.x() + radius, c.y()); // arbitrary point on radius
        }
        emit roiCircleUpdated(roiStartPos.x(), roiStartPos.y(), radius);
    }
    updateOverlay();
}

void JFJochImage::addOverlayItem(QGraphicsItem *item) {
    overlay_items_.append(item);
}

void JFJochImage::DrawROI() {
    if (!AllowROI())
        return;
    if (roiBox.isNull() || roiBox.width() <= 0 || roiBox.height() <= 0) return;

    auto scn = scene();
    if (!scn)
        return;

    QPen pen(feature_color, 2);
    pen.setStyle(Qt::DashLine);
    pen.setCosmetic(true);

    const qreal f = std::clamp(scale_factor, 0.5, 50.0);
    const qreal handleSize = 3.0 / std::sqrt(std::max(1e-4, f));

    if (roi_type == RoiType::RoiCircle) {
        // Draw circle
        addOverlayItem(scn->addEllipse(roiBox, pen));

        // A single handle on the circle at the rightmost point
        const QPointF c = roiBox.center();
        const qreal rad = 0.5 * (roiBox.width() + roiBox.height()) * 0.5; // average, should be equal
        QPointF hpos = QPointF(roiBox.right(), c.y());
        addOverlayItem(scn->addRect(QRectF(hpos.x() - handleSize, hpos.y() - handleSize, 2 * handleSize, 2 * handleSize),
                     QPen(feature_color, 1), QBrush(feature_color)));

        // On hover near perimeter: draw in/out arrows along radius at handle
        if (hover_handle_ != ResizeHandle::None && hover_handle_ != ResizeHandle::Inside) {
            QPen apen(feature_color, 1);
            apen.setCosmetic(true);
            const qreal arrowLen = 8.0 / std::sqrt(std::max(1e-4, f));
            // Outward arrow
            addOverlayItem(scn->addLine(QLineF(c, c + QPointF(rad + arrowLen, 0)), apen));
            // Inward arrow
            addOverlayItem(scn->addLine(QLineF(c, c + QPointF(rad - arrowLen, 0)), apen));
        }
    } else {
        // Box
        addOverlayItem(scn->addRect(roiBox, pen));

        // Corner handles
        auto addHandle = [&](const QPointF& p) {
            addOverlayItem(scn->addRect(QRectF(p.x() - handleSize, p.y() - handleSize, 2 * handleSize, 2 * handleSize),
                         QPen(feature_color, 1), QBrush(feature_color)));
        };
        addHandle(roiBox.topLeft());
        addHandle(roiBox.topRight());
        addHandle(roiBox.bottomLeft());
        addHandle(roiBox.bottomRight());

        // On hover over a resizable edge/corner: draw small arrows indicating resize direction
        if (hover_handle_ != ResizeHandle::None && hover_handle_ != ResizeHandle::Inside) {
            QPen apen(feature_color, 1);
            apen.setCosmetic(true);
            const qreal arrowLen = 6.0 / std::sqrt(std::max(1e-4, f));
            const qreal off = 10.0 / std::sqrt(std::max(1e-4, f));
            auto drawArrow = [&](const QPointF& a, const QPointF& b) {
                addOverlayItem(scn->addLine(QLineF(a, b), apen));
            };
            const QRectF r = roiBox;
            switch (hover_handle_) {
                case ResizeHandle::Left:
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.left(), r.center().y() - off), QPointF(r.left() - arrowLen, r.center().y() - off));
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.left(), r.center().y() + off), QPointF(r.left() - arrowLen, r.center().y() + off));
                    break;
                case ResizeHandle::Right:
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.right(), r.center().y() - off), QPointF(r.right() + arrowLen, r.center().y() - off));
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.right(), r.center().y() + off), QPointF(r.right() + arrowLen, r.center().y() + off));
                    break;
                case ResizeHandle::Top:
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.center().x() - off, r.top()), QPointF(r.center().x() - off, r.top() - arrowLen));
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.center().x() + off, r.top()), QPointF(r.center().x() + off, r.top() - arrowLen));
                    break;
                case ResizeHandle::Bottom:
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.center().x() - off, r.bottom()), QPointF(r.center().x() - off, r.bottom() + arrowLen));
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.center().x() + off, r.bottom()), QPointF(r.center().x() + off, r.bottom() + arrowLen));
                    break;
                case ResizeHandle::TopLeft:
                case ResizeHandle::TopRight:
                case ResizeHandle::BottomLeft:
                case ResizeHandle::BottomRight:
                    // For corners, show arrows on both axes (simple version)
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.right(), r.center().y()), QPointF(r.right() + arrowLen, r.center().y()));
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.left(),  r.center().y()), QPointF(r.left() - arrowLen,  r.center().y()));
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.center().x(), r.top()), QPointF(r.center().x(), r.top() - arrowLen));
                    drawArrow(QPointF(r.center().x(), r.bottom()), QPointF(r.center().x(), r.bottom() + arrowLen));
                    break;
                default: break;
            }
        }
    }
}


void JFJochImage::Redraw() {
    if (W*H <= 0)
        return;

    QGraphicsScene *currentScene = scene();
    if (!currentScene) {
        // First time - create a new scene
        currentScene = new QGraphicsScene(this);
        setScene(currentScene);
        // Reset initial-fit state for a new scene
        initial_fit_done_ = false;
        image_item_ = nullptr; // new scene, old pointer invalid
    }

    // Perform initial fit only once per image size
    fitToViewShorterSideOnce();

    updateOverlay();
}

PixelColorMap JFJochImage::MakeColorMap() const {
    // Bad pixel color
    int r, g, b, a;
    feature_color.getRgb(&r, &g, &b, &a);
    auto bad_color = rgb{.r = static_cast<uint8_t>(r), .g = static_cast<uint8_t>(g), .b = static_cast<uint8_t>(b)};

    const auto &lut_data = color_scale.LUTData();
    const auto lutSize = static_cast<int>(lut_data.size());
    const float lutScale = static_cast<float>(lutSize - 1);
    const float range = foreground - background;

    return PixelColorMap{
        .lut = lut_data.data(),
        .lut_size = lutSize,
        .minv = background,
        .range = range,
        .inv_range = (range > 0) ? (lutScale / range) : 0.0f,
        .inv_range_log = (range > 0) ? (lutScale / std::log1p(range)) : 0.0f,
        .hdr = hdr_mode,
        .gap = color_scale.Apply(ColorScaleSpecial::Gap),
        .bad = bad_color,
        // Saturation color
        .saturated = show_saturation ? bad_color : color_scale.Apply(1.0f),
        .beam_stop = show_beam_stop ? color_scale.Apply(ColorScaleSpecial::BeamStop) : bad_color,
    };
}

void JFJochImage::ColorRow(size_t y, const PixelColorMap &map, QRgb *out) const {
    const float *row = &image_fp[y * W];

    for (size_t x = 0; x < W; ++x) {
        const float fp = row[x];

        rgb c;
        if (!std::isfinite(fp))
            c = std::isnan(fp) ? map.gap : (std::signbit(fp) ? map.bad : map.saturated);
        else
            c = map.Apply(fp);

        out[x] = qRgb(c.r, c.g, c.b);
    }
}

void JFJochImage::RenderImage() {
    if (frame_->width() != int(W) || frame_->height() != int(H))
        *frame_ = QImage(int(W), int(H), QImage::Format_RGB32);

    // Take the data pointer once, here: scanLine() is non-const, so calling it from the
    // workers below would have each of them detach the (possibly shared) buffer in parallel.
    uchar *const bits = frame_->bits();
    const qsizetype stride = frame_->bytesPerLine();

    const PixelColorMap map = MakeColorMap();

    QVector<int> rows;
    rows.reserve(H);
    for (int y = 0; y < H; ++y) rows.push_back(y);

    QtConcurrent::blockingMap(rows, [&](int y) {
        ColorRow(y, map, reinterpret_cast<QRgb *>(bits + y * stride));
    });

    image_dirty_ = true;
    emit frameRendered();
}

void JFJochImage::ClearFrame() {
    *frame_ = QImage();
    image_dirty_ = true;
    emit frameRendered();
}

void JFJochImage::centerOnSpot(QPointF point) {
    // If W or H = 0, then conditions are never satisfied
    if (ImageRect().contains(point))
        centerOn(point);
    emitViewportChanged();
}

void JFJochImage::emitViewportChanged() {
    if (m_applyingViewport || !scene())
        return;
    emit viewportChanged(transform(), mapToScene(viewport()->rect().center()));
}

void JFJochImage::applyViewport(QTransform transform, QPointF center) {
    if (m_applyingViewport || !scene())
        return;
    m_applyingViewport = true;
    // As in wheelEvent: one rebuild, not one per scrollbar move
    suppress_overlay_update_ = true;
    setTransform(transform);
    scale_factor = transform.m11();
    centerOn(center);
    suppress_overlay_update_ = false;
    updateOverlay();
    m_applyingViewport = false;
}

QString JFJochImage::PixelLabel(int x, int y) const {
    // Choose thresholds that fit your UI width
    constexpr float kMinFixed = 1e-3;
    constexpr float kMaxFixed = 1e5;

    const float val = image_fp[static_cast<size_t>(y) * W + x];
    const auto absVal = std::abs(val);
    const auto nearest = std::nearbyint(val);

    if (std::isnan(val))
        return QStringLiteral("Gap");
    if (std::isinf(val))
        return std::signbit(val) ? QStringLiteral("Err") : QStringLiteral("Sat");
    if (val == 0.0f)
        return QStringLiteral("0");
    if (absVal >= kMinFixed && absVal < kMaxFixed) {
        if (std::abs(val - nearest) < 1e-6)
            return QString::number(static_cast<qint64>(val));
        if (absVal < 1e4)
            return QString::number(val, 'f', label_decimals_);
        return QString::number(val, 'f', std::min(label_decimals_, 2));
    }
    return QString::number(val, 'e', 1);
}

void JFJochImage::drawPixelLabels(QPainter *painter, const QRectF &rect) {
    constexpr int kMaxLabels = 5000;

    // Only the exposed area, not the whole viewport: a hover repaint dirties a couple of hundred
    // pixels, and laying out every visible cell for it would do thousands of mapFromScene / pixel /
    // drawText calls whose output is then clipped away - at up to 15 repaints a second.
    // In image pixels, i.e. relative to the scene origin of the image
    const QRectF visibleRect = (mapToScene(viewport()->rect()).boundingRect() & rect).translated(-origin_);
    const int startX = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(std::floor(visibleRect.left())));
    const int endX   = std::min(static_cast<int>(W), static_cast<int>(std::ceil(visibleRect.right())));
    const int startY = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(std::floor(visibleRect.top())));
    const int endY   = std::min(static_cast<int>(H), static_cast<int>(std::ceil(visibleRect.bottom())));
    if (endX <= startX || endY <= startY)
        return;
    if ((endX - startX) * (endY - startY) > kMaxLabels)
        return;

    // Laid out in viewport pixels: a constant, readable size independent of the zoom
    painter->save();
    painter->resetTransform();

    QFont font("DejaVu Sans Mono");
    font.setStyleHint(QFont::TypeWriter);
    font.setPixelSize(std::clamp(static_cast<int>(scale_factor * 0.3), 7, 16));
    painter->setFont(font);

    for (int y = startY; y < endY; y++) {
        for (int x = startX; x < endX; x++) {
            const QRect cell = mapFromScene(QRectF(QPointF(x, y) + origin_, QSizeF(1, 1))).boundingRect();
            // Read the colour back from the rendered image rather than keeping a full-size
            // mirror of it around for the few pixels that get a label.
            const QRgb pxl = frame_->pixel(x, y);
            painter->setPen(luminance(rgb{.r = static_cast<uint8_t>(qRed(pxl)),
                                          .g = static_cast<uint8_t>(qGreen(pxl)),
                                          .b = static_cast<uint8_t>(qBlue(pxl))}) > 128.0
                            ? Qt::black : Qt::white);
            painter->drawText(cell, Qt::AlignCenter, PixelLabel(x, y));
        }
    }

    painter->restore();
}

void JFJochImage::drawForeground(QPainter *painter, const QRectF &rect) {
    QGraphicsView::drawForeground(painter, rect);

    if (scale_factor > 30.0 && W * H > 0 && frame_ && !frame_->isNull())
        drawPixelLabels(painter, rect);
}

void JFJochImage::resetScenePointers() {
    image_item_ = nullptr;
    overlay_items_.clear();
}

void JFJochImage::updateOverlay() {
    if (!scene() || W * H <= 0) return;

    // Remove only overlay items, keep the image item persistent
    for (auto *item : overlay_items_)
        scene()->removeItem(item);
    qDeleteAll(overlay_items_);
    overlay_items_.clear();

    // Ensure the image item exists and is up-to-date. Refreshing it marks the whole item
    // dirty, which forces a full repaint of the viewport, so only do it when the image
    // really changed - not on every pan and zoom.
    if (!image_item_) {
        image_item_ = new JFJochImageItem(frame_);
        image_item_->setZValue(0);
        scene()->addItem(image_item_);
        image_dirty_ = false;
    } else if (image_dirty_) {
        image_item_->refresh();
        image_dirty_ = false;
    }
    image_item_->setPos(origin_);

    DrawROI();

    addCustomOverlay();
}

void JFJochImage::addCustomOverlay() {}



void JFJochImage::fitToView() {
    initial_fit_done_ = false;
    Redraw();
}

void JFJochImage::fitToViewShorterSideOnce() {
    if (initial_fit_done_ && prev_H == H && prev_W == W && prev_aspect_ == pixel_aspect_)
        return;


    if (W == 0 || H == 0 || !viewport())
        return;

    prev_H = H;
    prev_W = W;
    prev_aspect_ = pixel_aspect_;

    // Guard against tiny or zero viewport (happens before layout settles)
    const QSize vp = viewport()->size();
    if (vp.width() < 8 || vp.height() < 8)
        return;   // resizeEvent / showEvent will retry once the layout has settled

    if (scene())
        scene()->setSceneRect(ImageRect());

    const auto oldAnchor = transformationAnchor();
    setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView::AnchorViewCenter);
    setTransform(QTransform());

    // Non-square pixels are fitted as if the image were as tall as they draw it, and the extra
    // height is then put back into the transform: the image still fits, and the uniform zooms
    // that follow keep the proportion.
    fitInView(QRectF(0, 0, static_cast<qreal>(W), static_cast<qreal>(H) * pixel_aspect_), Qt::KeepAspectRatio);
    scale(1.0, pixel_aspect_);

    scale_factor = transform().m11();
    centerOn(ImageRect().center());
    setTransformationAnchor(oldAnchor);

    initial_fit_done_ = true;
}

void JFJochImage::adjustForeground(bool input) {
    m_adjustForegroundWithWheel = input;
}

void JFJochImage::adjustBackground(bool input) {
    m_adjustBackgroundWithWheel = input;
}

double JFJochImage::GetScaleFactor() const {
    return scale_factor;
}

void JFJochImage::setZoom(double input) {
    if (std::isfinite(input) && input > 0) {
        scale_factor = input;
        if (!scene())
            return;
        setTransform(QTransform::fromScale(input, input * pixel_aspect_));
        updateOverlay();
        emitViewportChanged();
    }
}