Jungfraujoch/reader/XTC.h

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Filip Leonarski, Paul Scherrer Institute <filip.leonarski@psi.ch>
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only

#pragma once

#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

// The LCLS-I XTC container, as far as reading camera frames out of it needs: what the LCLS data
// system (pdsdata) wrote at LCLS until 2023, and what serial-crystallography depositions from that
// era (Rayonix at MFX and XPP) are archived as.
//
// A file is a sequence of datagrams. Each is a 40-byte header - the event's clock time and timestamp
// (16 bytes, whose top bits name the transition: Configure, BeginRun, ..., L1Accept for an event),
// an environment word, and the outermost Xtc header - followed by the Xtc's payload. An Xtc header is
// five 32-bit words: damage, the source (two words), the type and version (bit 31: compressed), and
// the extent, which counts the header itself. A container (type Id_Xtc) holds further Xtcs one after
// another; anything else is a leaf holding one data object:
//
//  - a camera image, Id_Frame (Camera::FrameV1): width, height, bit depth and an offset added to every
//    pixel, 32 bits each, then the pixels row by row;
//  - the electron beam, Id_EBeam version 7 (Bld::BldDataEBeamV7): a damage mask, then 20 doubles, the
//    18th the photon energy in eV;
//  - a Rayonix configuration, Id_RayonixConfig version 2: the binning along fast and slow (a byte each)
//    and, further on, the device name ("MX340-HS:...").
//
// Everything is little-endian and uncompressed. A run is written as several streams (-s00, -s01, ...)
// by different recorders, each holding a share of the events. Their order across streams is the event
// time, which this reader does not reconstruct: stills are independent, so the streams are read one
// after another.
namespace xtc {

// One camera image: where its pixels start in which file.
struct Frame {
    std::string file;
    uint64_t offset = 0;           // of the first pixel
    uint32_t width = 0;
    uint32_t height = 0;
    uint32_t pixel_offset = 0;     // added to every pixel by the camera; taken off when read
    uint64_t source = 0;           // the camera, as the Xtc names it
};

// What one stream holds.
struct Index {
    std::vector<Frame> frames;                 // every undamaged 16-bit image of every event
    std::vector<double> photon_energy_eV;      // of every event with an undamaged electron-beam record
    std::string rayonix_model;                 // the Rayonix configuration's device name, if any
    uint32_t rayonix_binning = 0;
    size_t damaged = 0;                        // images left out: damaged, compressed or of another version
    bool truncated = false;                    // the file ends inside its last datagram, which is left out
};

// True if the path is an XTC file - by its first datagram, not only its name. The "smalldata" copies
// (.smd.xtc) carry the events without their images and are not read.
bool CanRead(const std::string &path);

Index IndexFile(const std::string &file);

// Reads one image's pixels as stored - 16 bits each, the camera's offset still on - into out (width*height
// values).
void ReadPixels(const Frame &frame, uint16_t *out);

}  // namespace xtc