diff --git a/image_analysis/rotation_indexer/RotationIndexer.cpp b/image_analysis/rotation_indexer/RotationIndexer.cpp
index 613766277..9b911ae3d 100644
--- a/image_analysis/rotation_indexer/RotationIndexer.cpp
+++ b/image_analysis/rotation_indexer/RotationIndexer.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <future>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string_view>
 
 namespace {
     // Sub-cell override thresholds used in candidate selection to undo a spurious axis doubling:
@@ -160,16 +161,32 @@ namespace {
                            static_cast<double>(x.GetIndexingThreads()), static_cast<double>(x.GetRefineThreads())});
     }
 
+    // The input key is kept as two independent 64-bit hashes of its bytes plus its length - a key
+    // holds every spot, so keeping it whole would cost megabytes per entry.
+    struct KeyDigest {
+        size_t n;
+        uint64_t fnv, std_hash;
+        bool operator==(const KeyDigest &) const = default;
+    };
+    KeyDigest Digest(const std::vector<double> &key) {
+        const std::string_view bytes(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key.data()), key.size() * sizeof(double));
+        uint64_t fnv = 14695981039346656037ULL;   // FNV-1a
+        for (const char c : bytes)
+            fnv = (fnv ^ static_cast<uint8_t>(c)) * 1099511628211ULL;
+        return {key.size(), fnv, std::hash<std::string_view>{}(bytes)};
+    }
+
     struct IndexingMemo {
         std::mutex m;
-        std::vector<std::pair<std::vector<double>, RotationIndexer::IndexingOutcome>> entries;
+        std::vector<std::pair<KeyDigest, RotationIndexer::IndexingOutcome>> entries;
     };
     IndexingMemo &Memo() {
         static IndexingMemo memo;
         return memo;
     }
-    // A run asks a handful of distinct questions at most; the oldest go first.
-    constexpr size_t MAX_INDEXING_MEMOS = 32;
+    // A run on data that index poorly asks well over a hundred questions (every rung of the spot-budget
+    // ladder, in every pass and probe), and a later pass repeats a probe's; the oldest go first.
+    constexpr size_t MAX_INDEXING_MEMOS = 1024;
 
     // Bitwise comparison of what a recomputation gave against what was kept.
     bool SameOutcome(const RotationIndexer::IndexingOutcome &a, const RotationIndexer::IndexingOutcome &b) {
@@ -229,7 +246,7 @@ void RotationIndexer::RunIndexing() {
     if (!axis_)
         return;
 
-    const std::vector<double> key = InputKey();
+    const KeyDigest key = Digest(InputKey());
     std::optional<IndexingOutcome> kept;
     {
         auto &memo = Memo();