Redesign Scoped Access Tokens (#24767)

## Changes
- Adds the following high level access scopes, each with `read` and
`write` levels:
    - `activitypub`
    - `admin` (hidden if user is not a site admin)
    - `misc`
    - `notification`
    - `organization`
    - `package`
    - `issue`
    - `repository`
    - `user`
- Adds new middleware function `tokenRequiresScopes()` in addition to
`reqToken()`
  -  `tokenRequiresScopes()` is used for each high-level api section
- _if_ a scoped token is present, checks that the required scope is
included based on the section and HTTP method
  - `reqToken()` is used for individual routes
- checks that required authentication is present (but does not check
scope levels as this will already have been handled by
`tokenRequiresScopes()`
- Adds migration to convert old scoped access tokens to the new set of
scopes
- Updates the user interface for scope selection

### User interface example
<img width="903" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 55 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/654766ec-2143-4f59-9037-3b51600e32f3">
<img width="917" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 43 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/1ad64081-012c-4a73-b393-66b30352654c">

## tokenRequiresScopes  Design Decision
- `tokenRequiresScopes()` was added to more reliably cover api routes.
For an incoming request, this function uses the given scope category
(say `AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization`) and the HTTP method (say
`DELETE`) and verifies that any scoped tokens in use include
`delete:organization`.
- `reqToken()` is used to enforce auth for individual routes that
require it. If a scoped token is not present for a request,
`tokenRequiresScopes()` will not return an error

## TODO
- [x] Alphabetize scope categories
- [x] Change 'public repos only' to a radio button (private vs public).
Also expand this to organizations
- [X] Disable token creation if no scopes selected. Alternatively, show
warning
- [x] `reqToken()` is missing from many `POST/DELETE` routes in the api.
`tokenRequiresScopes()` only checks that a given token has the correct
scope, `reqToken()` must be used to check that a token (or some other
auth) is present.
   -  _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] The migration should be reviewed very carefully in order to
minimize access changes to existing user tokens.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] Link to api to swagger documentation, clarify what
read/write/delete levels correspond to
- [x] Review cases where more than one scope is needed as this directly
deviates from the api definition.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
   - For example: 
   ```go
	m.Group("/users/{username}/orgs", func() {
		m.Get("", reqToken(), org.ListUserOrgs)
		m.Get("/{org}/permissions", reqToken(), org.GetUserOrgsPermissions)
}, tokenRequiresScopes(auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryUser,
auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization),
context_service.UserAssignmentAPI())
   ```

## Future improvements
- [ ] Add required scopes to swagger documentation
- [ ] Redesign `reqToken()` to be opt-out rather than opt-in
- [ ] Subdivide scopes like `repository`
- [ ] Once a token is created, if it has no scopes, we should display
text instead of an empty bullet point
- [ ] If the 'public repos only' option is selected, should read
categories be selected by default

Closes #24501
Closes #24799

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Tran <jon@allspice.io>
Co-authored-by: Kyle D <kdumontnu@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

tests/integration/api_issue_test.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func TestAPIListIssues(t *testing.T) {
 	owner := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{ID: repo.OwnerID})
 
 	session := loginUser(t, owner.Name)
-	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeRepo)
+	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeReadIssue)
 	link, _ := url.Parse(fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/%s/issues", owner.Name, repo.Name))
 
 	link.RawQuery = url.Values{"token": {token}, "state": {"all"}}.Encode()
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func TestAPICreateIssue(t *testing.T) {
 	owner := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{ID: repoBefore.OwnerID})
 
 	session := loginUser(t, owner.Name)
-	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeRepo)
+	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeWriteIssue)
 	urlStr := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/repos/%s/%s/issues?state=all&token=%s", owner.Name, repoBefore.Name, token)
 	req := NewRequestWithJSON(t, "POST", urlStr, &api.CreateIssueOption{
 		Body:     body,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func TestAPIEditIssue(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, api.StateOpen, issueBefore.State())
 
 	session := loginUser(t, owner.Name)
-	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeRepo)
+	token := getTokenForLoggedInUser(t, session, auth_model.AccessTokenScopeWriteIssue)
 
 	// update values of issue
 	issueState := "closed"
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func TestAPIEditIssue(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAPISearchIssues(t *testing.T) {
 	defer tests.PrepareTestEnv(t)()
 
-	token := getUserToken(t, "user2")
+	token := getUserToken(t, "user2", auth_model.AccessTokenScopeReadIssue)
 
 	// as this API was used in the frontend, it uses UI page size
 	expectedIssueCount := 16 // from the fixtures
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func TestAPISearchIssues(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	link, _ := url.Parse("/api/v1/repos/issues/search")
-	query := url.Values{"token": {getUserToken(t, "user1")}}
+	query := url.Values{"token": {getUserToken(t, "user1", auth_model.AccessTokenScopeReadIssue)}}
 	var apiIssues []*api.Issue
 
 	link.RawQuery = query.Encode()
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ func TestAPISearchIssuesWithLabels(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	link, _ := url.Parse("/api/v1/repos/issues/search")
-	query := url.Values{"token": {getUserToken(t, "user1")}}
+	query := url.Values{"token": {getUserToken(t, "user1", auth_model.AccessTokenScopeReadIssue)}}
 	var apiIssues []*api.Issue
 
 	link.RawQuery = query.Encode()