/**
 * Copyright - See the COPYRIGHT that is included with this distribution.
 * pvAccessCPP is distributed subject to a Software License Agreement found
 * in file LICENSE that is included with this distribution.
 */
 
#ifdef _WIN32
#define NOMINMAX
#include <BaseTsd.h>
typedef SSIZE_T ssize_t;
#endif

#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS 1
#include <pv/blockingTCP.h>
#include <pv/inetAddressUtil.h>
#include <pv/pvaConstants.h>
#include <pv/logger.h>
#include <pv/hexDump.h>
#include <pv/likely.h>

#include <pv/lock.h>
#include <pv/byteBuffer.h>
#include <pv/epicsException.h>
#include <pv/noDefaultMethods.h>

#include <osdSock.h>
#include <osiSock.h>
#include <epicsThread.h>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>

using namespace epics::pvData;

using std::max;
using std::min;
using std::ostringstream;

// TODO to be completely replaced by codec based implementation (see Java)
namespace epics {
namespace pvAccess {

        /*
        class MonitorSender : public TransportSender, public NoDefaultMethods {
        public:
            MonitorSender(Mutex* monitorMutex, GrowingCircularBuffer<
                    TransportSender*>* monitorSendQueue) :
                _monitorMutex(monitorMutex),
                        _monitorSendQueue(monitorSendQueue) {
            }

            virtual ~MonitorSender() {
            }

            virtual void lock() {
            }

            virtual void unlock() {
            }

            virtual void acquire() {
            }

            virtual void release() {
            }

            virtual void
            send(ByteBuffer* buffer, TransportSendControl* control);

        private:
            Mutex* _monitorMutex;
            GrowingCircularBuffer<TransportSender*>* _monitorSendQueue;
        };
        */

        PVACCESS_REFCOUNT_MONITOR_DEFINE(blockingTCPTransport);

        //const double BlockingTCPTransport::_delay = 0.000;

        BlockingTCPTransport::BlockingTCPTransport(Context::shared_pointer const & context,
                SOCKET channel, std::auto_ptr<ResponseHandler>& responseHandler,
                int receiveBufferSize, int16 priority) :
                _delay(0.0),
                    _channel(channel),
                    _priority(priority),
                    _responseHandler(responseHandler),
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                    _markerPeriodBytes(MARKER_PERIOD),
#endif
                    _flushStrategy(DELAYED),
                    _rcvThreadId(0),
                    _sendThreadId(0),
                    //_monitorSender(new MonitorSender(&_monitorMutex,_monitorSendQueue)),
                    _context(context),
                    _autoDelete(true),
                    _remoteTransportRevision(0),
                    _remoteTransportReceiveBufferSize(MAX_TCP_RECV),
                    _remoteTransportSocketReceiveBufferSize(MAX_TCP_RECV),
                    _sendQueue(),
                    //_monitorSendQueue(),
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                    _nextMarkerPosition(_markerPeriodBytes),
#endif
                    _sendPending(false),
                    _lastMessageStartPosition(0),
                    _lastSegmentedMessageType(0),
                    _lastSegmentedMessageCommand(0),
                    _flushRequested(false),
                    _sendBufferSentPosition(0),
                    _byteOrderFlag((EPICS_BYTE_ORDER == EPICS_ENDIAN_BIG) ? 0x80 : 0x00),
                    _storedPayloadSize(0),
                    _storedPosition(0),
                    _storedLimit(0),
                    _version(0),
                    _packetType(0),
                    _command(0),
                    _payloadSize(0),
                    _stage(READ_FROM_SOCKET),
                    _directPayloadRead(0),
                    _directBuffer(0),
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                    _totalBytesReceived(0),
#endif
                    _closed(),
                    _sendThreadExited(false),
                    _verified(false)
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                    ,
                    _markerToSend(0),
                    _totalBytesSent(0),
                    _remoteBufferFreeSpace(INT64_MAX)
#endif
        {
            PVACCESS_REFCOUNT_MONITOR_CONSTRUCT(blockingTCPTransport);

            // TODO minor tweak: deque size is not preallocated...
            
            unsigned int bufferSize = max((int)(MAX_TCP_RECV+MAX_ENSURE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE), receiveBufferSize);
            // size must be "aligned"
            bufferSize = (bufferSize + (PVA_ALIGNMENT - 1)) & (~(PVA_ALIGNMENT - 1));
            
            _socketBuffer = new ByteBuffer(bufferSize);
            _socketBuffer->setPosition(_socketBuffer->getLimit());
            _startPosition = _socketBuffer->getPosition();

            // allocate buffer
            _sendBuffer = new ByteBuffer(bufferSize);
            _maxPayloadSize = _sendBuffer->getSize() - 2*PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE; // one for header, one for flow control

            // get TCP send buffer size
            osiSocklen_t intLen = sizeof(int);
            int retval = getsockopt(_channel, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&_socketSendBufferSize, &intLen);
            if(unlikely(retval<0)) {
                _socketSendBufferSize = MAX_TCP_RECV;
                char errStr[64];
                epicsSocketConvertErrnoToString(errStr, sizeof(errStr));
                LOG(logLevelDebug,
                        "Unable to retrieve socket send buffer size: %s",
                        errStr);
            }

            // get remote address
            osiSocklen_t saSize = sizeof(sockaddr);
            retval = getpeername(_channel, &(_socketAddress.sa), &saSize);
            if(unlikely(retval<0)) {
                char errStr[64];
                epicsSocketConvertErrnoToString(errStr, sizeof(errStr));
                LOG(logLevelError,
                        "Error fetching socket remote address: %s",
                        errStr);
            }

            // set receive timeout so that we do not have problems at shutdown (recvfrom would block)
            struct timeval timeout;
            memset(&timeout, 0, sizeof(struct timeval));
            timeout.tv_sec = 1;
            timeout.tv_usec = 0;

            if (unlikely(::setsockopt (_channel, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout)) < 0))
            {
                char errStr[64];
                epicsSocketConvertErrnoToString(errStr, sizeof(errStr));
                LOG(logLevelError,
                    "Failed to set SO_RCVTIMEO for TDP socket %s: %s.",
                    inetAddressToString(_socketAddress).c_str(), errStr);
            }
            
            // TODO this will create marker with invalid endian flag
            // prepare buffer
            clearAndReleaseBuffer();
        }

        BlockingTCPTransport::~BlockingTCPTransport() {
            PVACCESS_REFCOUNT_MONITOR_DESTRUCT(blockingTCPTransport);

            close();

            // TODO use auto_ptr class members
            
            delete _socketBuffer;
            delete _sendBuffer;
        }

        // TODO consider epics::pvData::Thread
        void BlockingTCPTransport::start() {
            
            // TODO this was in constructor
            // add to registry
            Transport::shared_pointer thisSharedPtr = shared_from_this();
            _context->getTransportRegistry()->put(thisSharedPtr);

            
            String socketAddressString = inetAddressToString(_socketAddress);

            //
            // start receive thread
            //
            
            String threadName = "TCP-receive " + socketAddressString;
            LOG(logLevelDebug, "Starting thread: %s", threadName.c_str());

            _rcvThreadId = epicsThreadCreate(threadName.c_str(),
                    epicsThreadPriorityMedium,
                    epicsThreadGetStackSize(epicsThreadStackBig),
                    BlockingTCPTransport::rcvThreadRunner, this);

            //
            // start send thread
            //

            threadName = "TCP-send " + socketAddressString;
            LOG(logLevelDebug, "Starting thread: %s",threadName.c_str());

            _sendThreadId = epicsThreadCreate(threadName.c_str(),
            		epicsThreadPriorityMedium,
                    epicsThreadGetStackSize(epicsThreadStackSmall),
                    BlockingTCPTransport::sendThreadRunner, this);
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::clearAndReleaseBuffer() {
#if FLOW_CONTROL
            // NOTE: take care that nextMarkerPosition is set right
            // fix position to be correct when buffer is cleared
            // do not include pre-buffered flow control message; not 100% correct, but OK
            _nextMarkerPosition -= _sendBuffer->getPosition() - PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
#endif

            _sendQueueMutex.lock();
            _flushRequested = false;
            _sendQueueMutex.unlock();

            _sendBuffer->clear();

            _sendPending = false;

#if FLOW_CONTROL
            // prepare ACK marker
            _sendBuffer->putByte(PVA_MAGIC);
            _sendBuffer->putByte(PVA_VERSION);
            _sendBuffer->putByte(0x01 | _byteOrderFlag); // control data
            _sendBuffer->putByte(1); // marker ACK
            _sendBuffer->putInt(0);
#endif
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::close() {
            Lock lock(_mutex);

            // already closed check
            if(_closed.get()) return;
            _closed.set();

            // remove from registry
            Transport::shared_pointer thisSharedPtr = shared_from_this();
            _context->getTransportRegistry()->remove(thisSharedPtr).get();

            // TODO !!!
            bool force = true;

            // clean resources
            internalClose(force);

            // notify send queue
            _sendQueueEvent.signal();
            
            lock.unlock();
            
            // post close without a lock
            internalPostClose(force);
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::internalClose(bool /*force*/) {
            // close the socket
            if(_channel!=INVALID_SOCKET) {
                epicsSocketDestroy(_channel);
            }
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::internalPostClose(bool /*force*/) {
        }

        size_t BlockingTCPTransport::getSocketReceiveBufferSize() const {
            // Get value of the SO_RCVBUF option for this DatagramSocket,
            // that is the buffer size used by the platform for input on
            // this DatagramSocket.

            int sockBufSize;
            osiSocklen_t intLen = sizeof(int);

            int retval = getsockopt(_channel, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&sockBufSize, &intLen);
            if(unlikely(retval<0))
            {
                char errStr[64];
                epicsSocketConvertErrnoToString(errStr, sizeof(errStr));
                LOG(logLevelError,
                    "Socket getsockopt SO_RCVBUF error: %s",
                    errStr);
            }

            return (size_t)sockBufSize;
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::flush(bool lastMessageCompleted) {

            // automatic end
            endMessage(!lastMessageCompleted);

            bool moreToSend = true;
            while(moreToSend) {
                moreToSend = !flush();

                // all sent, exit
                if(!moreToSend) break;
                // TODO check if this is OK
                else if (_closed.get()) THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION("transport closed");

                // TODO solve this sleep in a better way
                epicsThreadSleep(0.01);
            }

            _lastMessageStartPosition = _sendBuffer->getPosition();
            
            // start with last header
            if (unlikely(!lastMessageCompleted && _lastSegmentedMessageType!=0))
                startMessage(_lastSegmentedMessageCommand, 0);
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::startMessage(int8 command, size_t ensureCapacity) {
            _lastMessageStartPosition = -1;
            ensureBuffer(PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE+ensureCapacity);
            _lastMessageStartPosition = _sendBuffer->getPosition();
            _sendBuffer->putByte(PVA_MAGIC);
            _sendBuffer->putByte(PVA_VERSION);
            _sendBuffer->putByte(_lastSegmentedMessageType | _byteOrderFlag); // data + endianess
            _sendBuffer->putByte(command);                   // command
            _sendBuffer->putInt(0);                          // temporary zero payload

        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::endMessage() {
            endMessage(false);
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::ensureBuffer(size_t size) {
            if(likely(_sendBuffer->getRemaining()>=size)) return;

            // too large for buffer...
            if(unlikely(_maxPayloadSize<size)) {
                ostringstream temp;
                temp<<"requested for buffer size "<<size<<", but only ";
                temp<<_maxPayloadSize<<" available.";
                THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION(temp.str().c_str());
            }

            while(_sendBuffer->getRemaining()<size && !_closed.get())
                flush(false);

            if (unlikely(_closed.get())) THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION("transport closed");
        }
        
        void BlockingTCPTransport::alignBuffer(size_t alignment) {
            // not space optimal (always requires 7-bytes), but fast
            
            if(unlikely(_sendBuffer->getRemaining()<(alignment-1)))
                ensureBuffer(alignment-1);

            _sendBuffer->align(alignment);
        }
        
        void BlockingTCPTransport::endMessage(bool hasMoreSegments) {
            if(likely(_lastMessageStartPosition>=0)) {
                
    			// align
    //			alignBuffer(PVA_ALIGNMENT);
    			
    			// set paylaod size
                const size_t payloadSize = _sendBuffer->getPosition()-_lastMessageStartPosition-PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;

                // TODO by spec?
                // ignore empty segmented messages
                if (payloadSize == 0 && _lastSegmentedMessageType != 0)
                {
                    _sendBuffer->setPosition(_lastMessageStartPosition);
                    if (!hasMoreSegments)
                        _lastSegmentedMessageType = 0;
                    return;

                }

                _sendBuffer->putInt(_lastMessageStartPosition+sizeof(int16)+2, (int32)payloadSize);
                                
                int flagsPosition = _lastMessageStartPosition+sizeof(int16);
                // set segmented bit
                if(likely(hasMoreSegments)) {
                    // first segment
                    if(unlikely(_lastSegmentedMessageType==0)) {
                        int8 type = _sendBuffer->getByte(flagsPosition);

                        // set first segment bit
                        _sendBuffer->putByte(flagsPosition, (int8)(type|0x10));

                        // first + last segment bit == in-between segment
                        _lastSegmentedMessageType = (int8)(type|0x30);
                        _lastSegmentedMessageCommand = _sendBuffer->getByte(
                                flagsPosition+1);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    // last segment
                    if(unlikely(_lastSegmentedMessageType!=0)) {
                        // set last segment bit (by clearing first segment bit)
                        _sendBuffer->putByte(flagsPosition,
                                (int8)(_lastSegmentedMessageType&0xEF));
                        _lastSegmentedMessageType = 0;
                    }
                }

#if FLOW_CONTROL
                // manage markers
                int position = _sendBuffer->getPosition();
                int bytesLeft = _sendBuffer->getRemaining();

                if(unlikely(position>=_nextMarkerPosition &&
                   bytesLeft>=PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE)) {
                    _sendBuffer->putByte(PVA_MAGIC);
                    _sendBuffer->putByte(PVA_VERSION);
                    _sendBuffer->putByte(0x01 | _byteOrderFlag); // control data
                    _sendBuffer->putByte(0); // marker
                    s_sendBuffer->putInt((int)(_totalBytesSent+position+PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE));
                    _nextMarkerPosition = position+_markerPeriodBytes;
                }
#endif
            }
        }

            void BlockingTCPTransport::ensureData(size_t size) {
            // enough of data?
            const size_t remainingBytes = _socketBuffer->getRemaining();
            if (likely(remainingBytes>=size)) return;

            // too large for buffer...
            if (unlikely(MAX_ENSURE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE<size)) {
                ostringstream temp;
                temp<<"requested for buffer size "<<size<<", but only ";
                temp<<MAX_ENSURE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE<<" available.";
                THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION(temp.str().c_str());
            }

            // subtract what was already processed
            _storedPayloadSize -= _socketBuffer->getPosition()-_storedPosition;

            // no more data and we have some payload left => read buffer
            if (likely(_storedPayloadSize>=size))
            {
                //LOG(logLevelInfo,
                //        "storedPayloadSize >= size, remaining: %d",
                //        _socketBuffer->getRemaining());

    			// just read up remaining payload, move current (<size) part of the buffer
    			// to the beginning of the buffer
                processReadCached(true, PROCESS_PAYLOAD, size);
                _storedPosition = _socketBuffer->getPosition();
                _storedLimit = _socketBuffer->getLimit();
                _socketBuffer->setLimit(min(_storedPosition+_storedPayloadSize,
                        _storedLimit));
            }
            else
            {
                // copy remaining bytes to safe region of buffer, if any
                for(size_t i = 0; i<remainingBytes; i++)
                    _socketBuffer->putByte(i, _socketBuffer->getByte());

                // extend limit to what was read
                _socketBuffer->setLimit(_storedLimit);

                _stage = PROCESS_HEADER;
                processReadCached(true, UNDEFINED_STAGE, size-remainingBytes);

                if (unlikely(remainingBytes > 0))
                {
                    // copy saved back to before position
                    for(int i = static_cast<int>(remainingBytes-1), j = _socketBuffer->getPosition()-1;
                        i>=0;
                        i--, j--)
                        _socketBuffer->putByte(j, _socketBuffer->getByte(i));
                    _startPosition = _socketBuffer->getPosition()-remainingBytes;
                    _socketBuffer->setPosition(_startPosition);
                    _storedPosition = _startPosition;
                }
                else
                {
                    _storedPosition = _socketBuffer->getPosition();
                }

                _storedLimit = _socketBuffer->getLimit();
                _socketBuffer->setLimit(min(_storedPosition+_storedPayloadSize,
                        _storedLimit));

                // add if missing, since UNDEFINED_STAGE and return less...
                if(unlikely(!_closed.get()&&(_socketBuffer->getRemaining()<size)))
                    ensureData(size);
            }

            if (unlikely(_closed.get())) THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION("transport closed");
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::alignData(size_t alignment) {
            // not space optimal (always requires 7-bytes), but fast
            
            if (unlikely(_socketBuffer->getRemaining()<(alignment-1)))
                ensureData(alignment-1);

            _socketBuffer->align(alignment);
        }

        bool BlockingTCPTransport::directSerialize(ByteBuffer* /*existingBuffer*/, const char* toSerialize,
                                                   std::size_t elementCount, std::size_t elementSize)
        {
            // TODO overflow check, size_t type, other is int32 for payloadSize header field !!!
            // TODO do not ignore or new field in max message size in connection validation
            std::size_t count = elementCount * elementSize;

            // TODO find smart limit
            // check if direct mode actually pays off
            if (count < 1024)
                return false;

            // first end current message indicating the we will segment
            endMessage(true);

            // append segmented message header
            startMessage(_lastSegmentedMessageCommand, 0);
            // set segmented message size
            _sendBuffer->putInt(_lastMessageStartPosition+sizeof(int16)+2, (int32)count);

            // flush (TODO this is code is duplicated)
            bool moreToSend = true;
            while (moreToSend) {
                moreToSend = !flush();

                // all sent, exit
                if(!moreToSend) break;
                // TODO check if this is OK
                else if (_closed.get()) THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION("transport closed");

                // TODO solve this sleep in a better way
                epicsThreadSleep(0.01);
            }
            _lastMessageStartPosition = _sendBuffer->getPosition();

            // TODO think if alignment is preserved after...

            try {
                //LOG(logLevelInfo,
                //        "Sending (direct) %d bytes in the packet to %s.",
                //        count,
                //        inetAddressToString(_socketAddress).c_str());
                const char* ptr = toSerialize;
                while(count>0) {
                    ssize_t bytesSent = ::send(_channel,
                            ptr,
                            count, 0);

                    if(unlikely(bytesSent<0)) {

                        int socketError = SOCKERRNO;

                        // spurious EINTR check
                        if (socketError==SOCK_EINTR)
                            continue;

                        // TODO check this (copy below)... consolidate!!!
                        if (socketError==SOCK_ENOBUFS) {
                            // TODO improve this
                            epicsThreadSleep(0.01);
                            continue;
                        }

                        // connection lost

                        char errStr[64];
                        epicsSocketConvertErrnoToString(errStr, sizeof(errStr));
                        ostringstream temp;
                        temp<<"error in sending TCP data: "<<errStr;
                        //LOG(logLevelError, "%s", temp.str().c_str());
                        THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION(temp.str().c_str());
                    }
                    else if(unlikely(bytesSent==0)) {

                        // TODO WINSOCK indicates disconnect by returning zero here !!!
                        epicsThreadSleep(0.01);
                        continue;
                    }

                    ptr += bytesSent;
                    count -= bytesSent;

                    //LOG(logLevelInfo,
                    //        "Sent (in this pass) %d bytes, remaining %d bytes.",
                    //        bytesSent, count);
                } // while
            } catch(...) {
                close();
                throw;
            }

            // continue where we left before calling directSerialize
            startMessage(_lastSegmentedMessageCommand, 0);

            return true;
        }

        bool BlockingTCPTransport::directDeserialize(ByteBuffer *existingBuffer, char* deserializeTo,
                                                     std::size_t elementCount, std::size_t elementSize)
        {
            return false;
            // _socketBuffer == existingBuffer

            std::size_t bytesToBeDeserialized = elementCount*elementSize;

            // TODO check if bytesToDeserialized < threshold that direct pays off?

            _directPayloadRead = bytesToBeDeserialized;
            _directBuffer = deserializeTo;

            while (true)
            {
                // retrieve what's already in buffers
                size_t availableBytes = min(_directPayloadRead, _socketBuffer->getRemaining());
                existingBuffer->getArray(_directBuffer, availableBytes);
                _directPayloadRead -= availableBytes;

                if (_directPayloadRead == 0)
                    return true;

                _directBuffer += availableBytes;

                // subtract what was already processed
                size_t pos = _socketBuffer->getPosition();
                _storedPayloadSize -= pos -_storedPosition;
                _storedPosition = pos;

                // no more data and we have some payload left => read buffer
                if (likely(_storedPayloadSize > 0))
                {
                    size_t bytesToRead = std::min(_directPayloadRead, _storedPayloadSize);
                    processReadIntoDirectBuffer(bytesToRead);
 //  std::cout << "d: " << bytesToRead << std::endl;
                    _storedPayloadSize -= bytesToRead;
                    _directPayloadRead -= bytesToRead;
                }

                if (_directPayloadRead == 0)
                    return true;

                _stage = PROCESS_HEADER;
                processReadCached(true, UNDEFINED_STAGE, _directPayloadRead);

                _storedPosition = _socketBuffer->getPosition();
                _storedLimit = _socketBuffer->getLimit();
                _socketBuffer->setLimit(
                        min(_storedPosition + _storedPayloadSize, _storedLimit)
                );

            }

            return true;
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::processReadIntoDirectBuffer(size_t bytesToRead)
        {
            while (bytesToRead > 0)
            {
                ssize_t bytesRead = recv(_channel, _directBuffer, bytesToRead, 0);

       //     std::cout << "d: " << bytesRead << std::endl;

                if(unlikely(bytesRead<=0))
                {

                    if (bytesRead<0)
                    {
                        int socketError = SOCKERRNO;

                        // interrupted or timeout
                        if (socketError == EINTR ||
                            socketError == EAGAIN ||
                            socketError == EWOULDBLOCK)
                            continue;
                    }

                    // error (disconnect, end-of-stream) detected
                    close();

                    THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION("bytesRead < 0");

                    return;
                }

                bytesToRead -= bytesRead;
                _directBuffer += bytesRead;

            }
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::processReadCached(bool nestedCall,
                ReceiveStage inStage, size_t requiredBytes) {
            try {
                // TODO we need to throw exception in nextedCall not just bail out!!!!
                while(likely(!_closed.get())) {
                    if(_stage==READ_FROM_SOCKET||inStage!=UNDEFINED_STAGE) {

                        // add to bytes read
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                        int currentPosition = _socketBuffer->getPosition();
                        _totalBytesReceived += (currentPosition - _startPosition);
#endif
    					// preserve alignment
                        int currentStartPosition = _startPosition =
                            MAX_ENSURE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE; // "TODO uncomment align" + (unsigned int)currentPosition % PVA_ALIGNMENT;

                        // copy remaining bytes, if any
                        int remainingBytes = _socketBuffer->getRemaining();

                        int endPosition = currentStartPosition + remainingBytes;
                        // TODO memmove
                        for(int i = MAX_ENSURE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE; i<endPosition; i++)
                            _socketBuffer->putByte(i, _socketBuffer->getByte());

                        _socketBuffer->setPosition(endPosition);
                        _socketBuffer->setLimit(_socketBuffer->getSize());

                        // read at least requiredBytes bytes

                        size_t requiredPosition = (currentStartPosition+requiredBytes);
                        while(_socketBuffer->getPosition()<requiredPosition) {
                            // read
                            int pos = _socketBuffer->getPosition();

                            ssize_t bytesRead = recv(_channel, (char*)(_socketBuffer->getArray()+pos),
//                                                     _socketBuffer->getRemaining(), 0);
// TODO we assume that caller is smart and  requiredBytes >  remainingBytes
// if in direct read mode, try to read only header so that rest can be read directly to direct buffers
(_directPayloadRead > 0 && inStage == PROCESS_HEADER) ? (requiredBytes-remainingBytes) : _socketBuffer->getRemaining(), 0);
//std::cout << "i: " << bytesRead << std::endl;

                            if(unlikely(bytesRead<=0)) {

                                if (bytesRead<0)
                                {
                                    int socketError = SOCKERRNO;
                                    
                                    // interrupted or timeout
                                    if (socketError == EINTR || 
                                        socketError == EAGAIN ||
                                        socketError == EWOULDBLOCK)
                                        continue;
                                }
                                
                                // error (disconnect, end-of-stream) detected
                                close();

                                if(nestedCall)
                                    THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION("bytesRead < 0");

                                return;
                            }
                            
                            _socketBuffer->setPosition(pos+bytesRead);
                        }

                        std::size_t pos = _socketBuffer->getPosition();
                        _storedLimit = pos;
                        _socketBuffer->setLimit(pos);
                        _socketBuffer->setPosition(currentStartPosition);

                        /*
                        hexDump("\n\n\n", "READ",
                                (const int8*)_socketBuffer->getArray(),
                                _socketBuffer->getPosition(), _socketBuffer->getRemaining());
                        */
                        
                        // notify liveness
                        aliveNotification();

                        // exit
                        if(inStage!=UNDEFINED_STAGE) return;

                        _stage = PROCESS_HEADER;
                    }

                    if(likely(_stage==PROCESS_HEADER)) {

                        // reveal what's already in buffer
                        _socketBuffer->setLimit(_storedLimit);

                        // ensure PVAConstants.PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE bytes of data
                        if(unlikely(((int)_socketBuffer->getRemaining())<PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE))
                            processReadCached(true, PROCESS_HEADER, PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);

                        // first byte is PVA_MAGIC
                        // second byte version - major/minor nibble
                        int8 magic = _socketBuffer->getByte();
                        _version = _socketBuffer->getByte();
                        if(unlikely(magic != PVA_MAGIC))
                        {
                            // error... disconnect
                            LOG(
                                    logLevelError,
                                    "Invalid header received from client %s, disconnecting...",
                                    inetAddressToString(_socketAddress).c_str());
                            close();
                            return;
                        }

                        // data vs. control packet
                        _packetType = _socketBuffer->getByte();

                        // command
                        _command = _socketBuffer->getByte();

                        // read payload size
                        _payloadSize = _socketBuffer->getInt();

                        int8 type = (int8)(_packetType&0x0F);
                        if(likely(type==0))
                        {
                            // data
                            _stage = PROCESS_PAYLOAD;
                        }
                        else if(unlikely(type==1))
                        {
                            // control
                            // marker request sent
                            if (_command == CMD_SET_MARKER) {
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                                _flowControlMutex.lock();
                                if(_markerToSend==0)
                                    _markerToSend = _payloadSize;
                                 // TODO send back response
                                _flowControlMutex.unlock();
#endif
                            }
                            
                            // marker received back
                            else if (_command == CMD_ACK_MARKER)
                            {
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                                _flowControlMutex.lock();
                                int difference = (int)_totalBytesSent-_payloadSize+PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
                                // overrun check
                                if(difference<0) difference += INT_MAX;
                                _remoteBufferFreeSpace
                                        = _remoteTransportReceiveBufferSize
                                                +_remoteTransportSocketReceiveBufferSize
                                                -difference;
                                // TODO if this is calculated wrong, this can be critical !!!
                                _flowControlMutex.unlock();
#endif
                            }
    						// set byte order
    						else if (_command == CMD_SET_ENDIANESS)
    						{
    							// check 7-th bit
    							
    							int endianess = (_packetType < 0 ? EPICS_ENDIAN_BIG : EPICS_ENDIAN_LITTLE);
    							_socketBuffer->setEndianess(endianess);
    							
    							// TODO register as TransportSender and add to the queue
    							// current implementation is OK, but not nice
    							_sendQueueMutex.lock();
    							_sendBuffer->setEndianess(endianess);
    							_byteOrderFlag = (endianess == EPICS_ENDIAN_BIG) ? 0x80 : 0x00;
    							_sendQueueMutex.unlock();
    						}                            

                            // no payload
                            //stage = ReceiveStage.PROCESS_HEADER;
                            continue;
                        }
                        else {
                            LOG(
                                    logLevelError,
                                    "Unknown packet type %d, received from client %s, disconnecting...",
                                    type,
                                    inetAddressToString(_socketAddress).c_str());
                            close();
                            return;
                        }
                    }

                    if(likely(_stage==PROCESS_PAYLOAD)) {
                        // read header

                        // last segment bit set (means in-between segment or last segment)
                        bool notFirstSegment = (_packetType&0x20)!=0;

                        _storedPayloadSize = _payloadSize;

                        // if segmented, exit reading code
                        if(nestedCall&&notFirstSegment) return;

                        // ignore segmented messages with no payload
                        if (likely(!notFirstSegment || _payloadSize > 0))
                        {

                            // NOTE: nested data (w/ payload) messages between segmented messages are not supported
                            _storedPosition = _socketBuffer->getPosition();
                            _storedLimit = _socketBuffer->getLimit();
                            _socketBuffer->setLimit(min(_storedPosition+_storedPayloadSize, _storedLimit));
                            try {
                                // handle response
                                Transport::shared_pointer thisPointer = shared_from_this();
                                _responseHandler->handleResponse(&_socketAddress,
                                        thisPointer, _version, _command, _payloadSize,
                                        _socketBuffer);
                            } catch (std::exception& ex) {
                                 
                                 LOG(
                                    logLevelDebug,
                                    "Unexpected exception in responseHandler: %s",
                                    ex.what()
                                    );
                                    
                            } catch(...) {

                                 LOG(
                                    logLevelDebug,
                                    "Unexpected exception in responseHandler!"
                                    );
                                    
                            }

                            _socketBuffer->setLimit(_storedLimit);
                            size_t newPosition = _storedPosition+_storedPayloadSize;
                            if(unlikely(newPosition>_storedLimit)) {
                                newPosition -= _storedLimit;
                                _socketBuffer->setPosition(_storedLimit);
                                processReadCached(true, PROCESS_PAYLOAD,newPosition);
                                newPosition += _startPosition;
                            }
                            _socketBuffer->setPosition(newPosition);
                            // TODO discard all possible segments?!!!

                        }

                        _stage = PROCESS_HEADER;

                        continue;
                    }

                }
            } catch(...) {
                // close connection
                close();

                if(nestedCall) throw;
            }
        }

        bool BlockingTCPTransport::flush() {
            // request issues, has not sent anything yet (per partes)
            if(likely(!_sendPending)) {
                _sendPending = true;

                // start sending from the start
                _sendBufferSentPosition = 0;

#if FLOW_CONTROL
                // if not set skip marker otherwise set it
                _flowControlMutex.lock();
                int markerValue = _markerToSend;
                _markerToSend = 0;
                _flowControlMutex.unlock();
                if(markerValue==0)
                    _sendBufferSentPosition = PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
                else
                    _sendBuffer->putInt(4, markerValue);
#endif
            }

            bool success = false;
            try {
                // remember current position
                int currentPos = _sendBuffer->getPosition();

                // set to send position
                _sendBuffer->setPosition(_sendBufferSentPosition);
                _sendBuffer->setLimit(currentPos);

                success = send(_sendBuffer);

                // all sent?
                if(likely(success))
                    clearAndReleaseBuffer();
                else {
                    // remember position
                    _sendBufferSentPosition = _sendBuffer->getPosition();

                    // .. reset to previous state
                    _sendBuffer->setPosition(currentPos);
                    _sendBuffer->setLimit(_sendBuffer->getSize());
                }
            //} catch(std::exception& e) {
            //    LOG(logLevelError, "%s", e.what());
            //    // error, release lock
            //    clearAndReleaseBuffer();
            } catch(...) {
                clearAndReleaseBuffer();
            }
            return success;
        }

        bool BlockingTCPTransport::send(ByteBuffer* buffer) {
            try {
                // TODO simply use value from marker???!!!
                // On Windows, limiting the buffer size is important to prevent
                // poor throughput performances when transferring large amount of
                // data. See Microsoft KB article KB823764.
                // We do it also for other systems just to be safe.
                int maxBytesToSend = min(_socketSendBufferSize,
                        _remoteTransportSocketReceiveBufferSize)/2;

                int limit = buffer->getLimit();
                int bytesToSend = limit-buffer->getPosition();

                //LOG(logLevelInfo,"Total bytes to send: %d", bytesToSend);
               //printf("Total bytes to send: %d\n", bytesToSend);

                // limit sending
                if(bytesToSend>maxBytesToSend) {
                    bytesToSend = maxBytesToSend;
                    buffer->setLimit(buffer->getPosition()+bytesToSend);
                }

                //LOG(logLevelInfo,
                //        "Sending %d of total %d bytes in the packet to %s.",
                //        bytesToSend, limit,
                //        inetAddressToString(_socketAddress).c_str());

                while(buffer->getRemaining()>0) {
                    ssize_t bytesSent = ::send(_channel,
                            &buffer->getArray()[buffer->getPosition()],
                            buffer->getRemaining(), 0);

                    if(unlikely(bytesSent<0)) {
                        
                        int socketError = SOCKERRNO;

                        // spurious EINTR check                     
                        if (socketError==SOCK_EINTR)
                            continue;

                        // TODO check this (copy below)... consolidate!!!
                        if (socketError==SOCK_ENOBUFS) {
                            /* buffers full, reset the limit and indicate that there
                             * is more data to be sent
                             */
                            if(bytesSent==maxBytesToSend) buffer->setLimit(limit);
                            return false;
                        }

                        // connection lost

                        char errStr[64];
                        epicsSocketConvertErrnoToString(errStr, sizeof(errStr));
                        ostringstream temp;
                        temp<<"error in sending TCP data: "<<errStr;
                        //LOG(logLevelError, "%s", temp.str().c_str());
                        THROW_BASE_EXCEPTION(temp.str().c_str());
                    }
                    else if(unlikely(bytesSent==0)) {
                        
                        // TODO WINSOCK indicates disconnect by returning zero here !!!
                        
                        //LOG(logLevelInfo,
                        //        "Buffer full, position %d of total %d bytes.",
                        //        buffer->getPosition(), limit);

                        /* buffers full, reset the limit and indicate that there
                         * is more data to be sent
                         */
                        if(bytesSent==maxBytesToSend) buffer->setLimit(limit);

                        //LOG(logLevelInfo,
                        //        "Send buffer full for %s, waiting...",
                        //        inetAddressToString(_socketAddress));
                        return false;
                    }

                    buffer->setPosition(buffer->getPosition()+bytesSent);

#if FLOW_CONTROL
                    _flowControlMutex.lock();
                    _totalBytesSent += bytesSent;
                    _flowControlMutex.unlock();
#endif

                    // readjust limit
                    if(bytesToSend==maxBytesToSend) {
                        bytesToSend = limit-buffer->getPosition();
                        if(bytesToSend>maxBytesToSend) bytesToSend
                                = maxBytesToSend;
                        buffer->setLimit(buffer->getPosition()+bytesToSend);
                    }

                    //LOG(logLevelInfo,
                    //        "Sent, position %d of total %d bytes.",
                    //        buffer->getPosition(), limit);
                } // while
            } catch(...) {
                close();
                throw;
            }

            // all sent
            return true;
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::processSendQueue() {
            while(unlikely(!_closed.get())) {

                _sendQueueMutex.lock();
                // TODO optimize
                TransportSender::shared_pointer sender;
                if (likely(!_sendQueue.empty()))
                {
                    sender = _sendQueue.front();
                    _sendQueue.pop_front();
                }
                _sendQueueMutex.unlock();

                // wait for new message
                while(likely(sender.get()==0&&!_flushRequested&&!_closed.get())) {
                    if(_flushStrategy==DELAYED) {
                        if(_delay>0) epicsThreadSleep(_delay);
                        if(unlikely(_sendQueue.empty())) {
                            // if (hasMonitors || sendBuffer.position() > PVAConstants.PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE)
#if FLOW_CONTROL
                            if(((int)_sendBuffer->getPosition())>PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE)
#else
                            if(((int)_sendBuffer->getPosition())>0)
#endif
                                _flushRequested = true;
                            else
                                _sendQueueEvent.wait();
                        }
                    }
                    else
                        _sendQueueEvent.wait();

                    _sendQueueMutex.lock();
                    if (likely(!_sendQueue.empty()))
                    {
                        sender = _sendQueue.front();
                        _sendQueue.pop_front();
                    }
                    else
                        sender.reset();
                    _sendQueueMutex.unlock();
                }

                // always do flush from this thread
                if(unlikely(_flushRequested)) {
                    /*
                     if (hasMonitors)
                     {
                     monitorSender.send(sendBuffer, this);
                     }
                     */

                    flush();
                }

                if(likely(sender.get() != 0)) {
                    sender->lock();
                    try {
                        _lastMessageStartPosition = _sendBuffer->getPosition();
                        sender->send(_sendBuffer, this);

                        if(_flushStrategy==IMMEDIATE)
                            flush(true);
                        else
                            endMessage(false);// automatic end (to set payload)
                    } catch(std::exception &) {
                        //LOG(logLevelError, "%s", e.what());
                        _sendBuffer->setPosition(_lastMessageStartPosition);
                    } catch(...) {
                        _sendBuffer->setPosition(_lastMessageStartPosition);
                    }
                    sender->unlock();
                } // if(sender!=NULL)
            } // while(!_closed.get())
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::freeSendBuffers() {
            // TODO ?
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::freeConnectionResorces() {
            freeSendBuffers();

            LOG(logLevelDebug, "Connection to %s closed.",
                    inetAddressToString(_socketAddress).c_str());
/*
            if(_channel!=INVALID_SOCKET) {
                epicsSocketDestroy(_channel);
                _channel = INVALID_SOCKET;
            }
*/
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::rcvThreadRunner(void* param) {
            BlockingTCPTransport* obj = (BlockingTCPTransport*)param;
            Transport::shared_pointer ptr = obj->shared_from_this();    // hold reference

try{
            obj->processReadCached(false, UNDEFINED_STAGE, PVA_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE);
} catch (...) {
printf("rcvThreadRunnner exception\n");
}

            /*
            if(obj->_autoDelete) {
                while(true)
                {
                    bool exited;
                    obj->_mutex.lock();
                    exited = obj->_sendThreadExited;
                    obj->_mutex.unlock();
                    if (exited)
                        break;
                    epicsThreadSleep(0.1);
                }
                delete obj;
            }
             */
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::sendThreadRunner(void* param) {
            BlockingTCPTransport* obj = (BlockingTCPTransport*)param;
            Transport::shared_pointer ptr = obj->shared_from_this();    // hold reference
try {
            obj->processSendQueue();
} catch (std::exception& ex) {
    printf("sendThreadRunnner exception %s\n", ex.what()); // TODO
} catch (...) {
printf("sendThreadRunnner exception\n");
}

            obj->freeConnectionResorces();

            // TODO possible crash on unlock
            obj->_mutex.lock();
            obj->_sendThreadExited = true;
            obj->_mutex.unlock();
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::enqueueSendRequest(TransportSender::shared_pointer const & sender) {
            Lock lock(_sendQueueMutex);
            if(unlikely(_closed.get())) return;
            _sendQueue.push_back(sender);
            _sendQueueEvent.signal();
        }

        void BlockingTCPTransport::enqueueOnlySendRequest(TransportSender::shared_pointer const & sender) {
            Lock lock(_sendQueueMutex);
            if(unlikely(_closed.get())) return;
            _sendQueue.push_back(sender);
        }

        class FlushTransportSender : public TransportSender {
        public:
            virtual void send(epics::pvData::ByteBuffer*, TransportSendControl* control)
            {
                control->flush(true);
            }
            
            virtual void lock() {}
            virtual void unlock() {}
        };

        static TransportSender::shared_pointer flushTransportSender(new FlushTransportSender());

        void BlockingTCPTransport::flushSendQueue() {
            enqueueSendRequest(flushTransportSender);
        }

        /*
        void BlockingTCPTransport::enqueueMonitorSendRequest(TransportSender::shared_pointer sender) {
            Lock lock(_monitorMutex);
            if(unlikely(_closed.get())) return;
            _monitorSendQueue.insert(sender);
            if(_monitorSendQueue.size()==1) enqueueSendRequest(_monitorSender);
        }
        

        void MonitorSender::send(ByteBuffer* buffer, TransportSendControl* control) {
            control->startMessage(19, 0);

            while(true) {
                TransportSender* sender;
                _monitorMutex->lock();
                if(_monitorSendQueue->size()>0)
                    sender = _monitorSendQueue->extract();
                else
                    sender = NULL;
                _monitorMutex->unlock();

                if(sender==NULL) {
                    control->ensureBuffer(sizeof(int32));
                    buffer->putInt(INVALID_IOID);
                    break;
                }
                sender->send(buffer, control);
                sender->release();
            }
        }
*/
    }
}