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<H3><A NAME="SECTION00625800000000000000">
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Numerical comparison of averages</A>
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</H3>
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<P>
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In the next table numerical results are displayed. An exact random-Poisson generator has been used to generate Poisson deviates of given average value
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<IMG
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WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img181.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda$">
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, with <!-- MATH
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$\lambda=1,10,100,\ldots,1000000$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="188" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img195.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda=1,10,100,\ldots,1000000$">
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. For each value <IMG
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WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img181.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda$">
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<IMG
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WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img196.png"
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ALT="$ N=10^8$">
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deviates have been generated. Then averages have been taken for each value <IMG
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WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img181.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda$">
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and compared with the true value.
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For each value <IMG
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WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img181.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda$">
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- in order to have a scale for comparison -
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we evaluate the expected absolute s.d. of averages as <!-- MATH
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$\xi_\lambda=\sqrt{\lambda/N}$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="88" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img197.png"
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ALT="$ \xi_\lambda=\sqrt{\lambda/N}$">
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, and the relative s.d. of averages as <!-- MATH
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$\epsilon_\lambda=\sqrt{\lambda/N}/\lambda=1/\sqrt{N\lambda}$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="179" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img198.png"
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ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda=\sqrt{\lambda/N}/\lambda=1/\sqrt{N\lambda}$">
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. Then - for each averaging method - we evaluate the error <IMG
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WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img199.png"
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ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
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(average minus <IMG
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WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img181.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda$">
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),
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the relative error <!-- MATH
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$e_\lambda=E_\lambda/\lambda$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="79" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img200.png"
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ALT="$ e_\lambda=E_\lambda/\lambda$">
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, and finally the comparison criterion <!-- MATH
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$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img201.png"
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ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
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(bold). The comparison criterion is expected to be close to 1 in absolute value. Values much larger than one mean that we are introducing a systematic error.
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<P>
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<P>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=3 BORDER="1">
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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<FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></FONT></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE="-1"> <IMG
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WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img202.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda =$">
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1. ; <!-- MATH
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$\xi_\lambda =$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img203.png"
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ALT="$ \xi_\lambda = $">
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0.0001 ; <!-- MATH
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$\epsilon_\lambda$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img204.png"
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ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda$">
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= 0.0001</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img205.png"
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ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img206.png"
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ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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$\langle x \rangle^*$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img163.png"
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ALT="$ \langle x\rangle^*$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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$\langle x \rangle$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img192.png"
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ALT="$ \langle x \rangle$">
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</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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Averages </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1.303772380383934 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.9999155361216990 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1.581941754994651 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.9999283300000000 </FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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<IMG
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WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img199.png"
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ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3037723803839338 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.8446387830096658E-04 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.5819417549946508 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.7166999999996815E-04</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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<IMG
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WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img207.png"
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ALT="$ e_\lambda$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3037723803839338 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.8446387830096658E-04 </FONT></TD>
|
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.5819417549946508 </FONT></TD>
|
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.7166999999996815E-04</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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<!-- MATH
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$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
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-->
|
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<IMG
|
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WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img201.png"
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ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 3037.723803839338 </B></FONT></TD>
|
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -0.8446387830096658 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 5819.417549946508 </B></FONT></TD>
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|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -0.7166999999996815 </B> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
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</FONT></TD>
|
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE="-1"> <IMG
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WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img202.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda =$">
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10.000000000000002 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\xi_\lambda =$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img203.png"
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ALT="$ \xi_\lambda = $">
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0.00031622776601683794 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\epsilon_\lambda$
|
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-->
|
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<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
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SRC="img204.png"
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ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda$">
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|
= 0.00003162277660168379</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
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</FONT></TD>
|
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$
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|
-->
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<IMG
|
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WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img205.png"
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ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$">
|
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img206.png"
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ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
|
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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$\langle x \rangle^*$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img163.png"
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ALT="$ \langle x\rangle^*$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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$\langle x \rangle$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img192.png"
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ALT="$ \langle x \rangle$">
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</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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Averages </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 8.848248847530357 </FONT></TD>
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|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 10.00025732384808 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 10.00052232372917 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 10.00006800000000 </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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<IMG
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WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img199.png"
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ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -1.151751152469645 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.2573238480785278E-03 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.5223237291644978E-03 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.6799999999884676E-04</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
|
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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<IMG
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WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img207.png"
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ALT="$ e_\lambda$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.1151751152469645 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.2573238480785278E-04 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.5223237291644977E-04 </FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.6799999999884675E-05</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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<!-- MATH
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$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img201.png"
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ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -3642.156939527943 </B></FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.8137294562072904 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 1.651732660112730 </B></FONT></TD>
|
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.2150348808878029 </B> </FONT></TD>
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</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE="-1"> <IMG
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WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img202.png"
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ALT="$ \lambda =$">
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100.00000000000004 ; <!-- MATH
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$\xi_\lambda =$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img203.png"
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ALT="$ \xi_\lambda = $">
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0.0010000000000000002 ; <!-- MATH
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$\epsilon_\lambda$
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-->
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<IMG
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WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img204.png"
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ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda$">
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= 0.000009999999999999997</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$
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|
-->
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|
<IMG
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WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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|
SRC="img205.png"
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ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
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|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
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SRC="img206.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
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</FONT></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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|
$\langle x \rangle^*$
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-->
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<IMG
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|
WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img163.png"
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ALT="$ \langle x\rangle^*$">
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</FONT></TD>
|
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
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|
$\langle x \rangle$
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|
-->
|
|
<IMG
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|
WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img192.png"
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ALT="$ \langle x \rangle$">
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</FONT></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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|
Averages </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 98.98978896904168 </FONT></TD>
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|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 100.0001037814804 </FONT></TD>
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|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 100.0002153600000 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 100.0002153600000 </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
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<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img199.png"
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ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
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</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -1.010211030958359 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1037814803765968E-03 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.2153599999559219E-03 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.2153599999559219E-03</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img207.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.1010211030958359E-01 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1037814803765968E-05 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.2153599999559218E-05 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.2153599999559218E-05</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<!-- MATH
|
|
$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img201.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -1010.211030958359 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.1037814803765968 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.2153599999559219 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.2153599999559219 </B> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE="-1"> <IMG
|
|
WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img202.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \lambda =$">
|
|
1000.0000000000007 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\xi_\lambda =$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img203.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \xi_\lambda = $">
|
|
0.0031622776601683803 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img204.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
= 0.000003162277660168378</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img205.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img206.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle^*$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img163.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x\rangle^*$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img192.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x \rangle$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
Averages </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 999.0029754507847 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1000.003978305674 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1000.003836760000 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1000.003836760000 </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img199.png"
|
|
ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.9970245492160075 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3978305673513205E-02 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3836759999330752E-02 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3836759999330752E-02</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img207.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.9970245492160069E-03 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3978305673513202E-05 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3836759999330750E-05 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.3836759999330750E-05</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<!-- MATH
|
|
$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img201.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -315.2868458625229 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 1.258050715667192 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 1.213290043331128 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 1.213290043331128 </B> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE="-1"> <IMG
|
|
WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img202.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \lambda =$">
|
|
10000.00000000001 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\xi_\lambda =$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img203.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \xi_\lambda = $">
|
|
0.010000000000000005 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img204.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
= 9.999999999999995E-7</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img205.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img206.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle^*$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img163.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x\rangle^*$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img192.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x \rangle$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
Averages </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 9998.995728116572 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 9999.995828163173 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 9999.995919900000 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 9999.995919900000 </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img199.png"
|
|
ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -1.004271883437468 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.4171836835666909E-02 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">-0.4080100008650334E-02 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">-0.4080100008650334E-02</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img207.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.1004271883437467E-03 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.4171836835666905E-06 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.4080100008650330E-06 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">-0.4080100008650330E-06</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<!-- MATH
|
|
$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img201.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -100.4271883437468 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -0.4171836835666907 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -0.4080100008650331 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -0.4080100008650331 </B> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE="-1"> <IMG
|
|
WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img202.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \lambda =$">
|
|
100000.0000000002 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\xi_\lambda =$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img203.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \xi_\lambda = $">
|
|
0.031622776601683826 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img204.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
= 3.162277660168376E-7</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img205.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img206.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle^*$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img163.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x\rangle^*$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img192.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x \rangle$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
Averages </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 99999.01275394148 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 100000.0127639189 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 100000.0125627100 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 100000.0125627100 </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img199.png"
|
|
ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.9872460587212117 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1276391866849735E-01 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1256270980229601E-01 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1256270980229601E-01</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img207.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.9872460587212097E-05 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1276391866849733E-06 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1256270980229599E-06 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1256270980229599E-06</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<!-- MATH
|
|
$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img201.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -31.21946156583365 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.4036305486159527 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.3972677655897895 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 0.3972677655897895 </B> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE="-1"> <IMG
|
|
WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img202.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \lambda =$">
|
|
1000000.0000000013 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\xi_\lambda =$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img203.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \xi_\lambda = $">
|
|
0.10000000000000006 ; <!-- MATH
|
|
$\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img204.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
= 9.999999999999993E-8</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img205.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img206.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle^*$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img163.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x\rangle^*$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> <!-- MATH
|
|
$\langle x \rangle$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img192.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \langle x \rangle$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
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Averages </FONT></TD>
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|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 999999.1188353101 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1000000.118835812 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1000000.118809340 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 1000000.118809340 </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
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|
WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img199.png"
|
|
ALT="$ E_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.8811646911781281 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1188358106883243 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1188093387754634 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1188093387754634 </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img207.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> -0.8811646911781270E-06 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1188358106883241E-06 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1188093387754633E-06 </FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"> 0.1188093387754633E-06</FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1">
|
|
<!-- MATH
|
|
$e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img201.png"
|
|
ALT="$ e_\lambda/\epsilon_\lambda$">
|
|
</FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> -8.811646911781276 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 1.188358106883242 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 1.188093387754633 </B></FONT></TD>
|
|
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B> 1.188093387754633</B> </FONT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
</TABLE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
As it is visible from the table:
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|
<DL COMPACT>
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<DT>1. </DT>
|
|
<DD><!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}\ :$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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|
SRC="img208.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(1)}}}\ :$">
|
|
the weighted average using straight Poisson statistics is consistenty bad at all values of <IMG
|
|
WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img181.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \lambda$">
|
|
, that means at all counting levels;
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT>2. </DT>
|
|
<DD><!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle^*}\$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="39" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img209.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle^*}\ $">
|
|
: the normal average skipping zero count data is bad for <!-- MATH
|
|
$\lambda<100$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="59" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img210.png"
|
|
ALT="$ \lambda<100$">
|
|
, that means at low counting levels (of course at higher counting levels zeroes are not happening);
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT>3. </DT>
|
|
<DD><!-- MATH
|
|
${\langle x \rangle}\ \text{and}\ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img211.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle}\ $"> and<IMG
|
|
WIDTH="50" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img206.png"
|
|
ALT="$ {\langle x \rangle_{\!\mathrm{w(2)}}}$">
|
|
: the normal average including zero count data and the Mighell-Poisson weighted average
|
|
are consistently and equivalently good at all counting levels.
|
|
</DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
Therefore there is no bias when using the Mighell-Poisson weighted method to average data w.r.t. the usual average. The former, however,
|
|
has already accomplished the passage to normal statistics, therefore all operations on data that are not simple averaging can be done in
|
|
the framework of normal statistics, where everything is known and clear. In the next section, on the opposite, it is shown that
|
|
even simple operations as scaling data lead to the necessity of abandoning Poisson statistics in order to estimate correctly the standard deviations.
|
|
|
|
<P>
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Thattil Dhanya
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2018-09-28
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