import numpy as np

def to_sparse(data, th = 0):
    """
    Convert frames stack ndarray[frame, row, col] to sparse array.
    Warning: this function drops the frame numbers and only keeps row, col, energy
    """
    sparse_dt = [('row', np.int16), ('col', np.int16), ('energy', data.dtype)]
    size = (data>th).sum()
    sparse = np.zeros(size, sparse_dt)
    frames, rows, cols = np.where(data>th)
    for i,(f,r,c) in enumerate(zip(frames, rows, cols)):
        sparse[i] = (r, c, data[f,r,c])
    return sparse