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cdtools/CDTools/models/bragg_2d_ptycho.py
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Python

import torch as t
from CDTools.models import CDIModel
from CDTools.datasets import Ptycho2DDataset
from CDTools import tools
from CDTools.tools import plotting as p
from CDTools.tools.propagators import generate_generalized_angular_spectrum_propagator as ggasp
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np
from copy import copy
__all__ = ['Bragg2DPtycho']
#
# Key ideas:
# 1) To a first approximation, do the reconstruction on a parallelogram
# shaped grid on the sample which is conjugate to the detector coordinates
# 2) Simulate a probe in those same coordinates, but propagate it back and
# forth (along with the translations), using the angular spectrum method
# 3) Apply a correction to the simulated data to account for the tilt of the
# sample with respect to the detector
# 4) Include a correction for the thickness of the sample
#
#
# How to do this properly?
# First thing to note is that the two corrections (probe propagation before
# interaction and high-NA correction for the final diffraction measurement)
# should be able to be turned on separately, since they show up in different
# situations. In fact, I would like to focus on the first aspect initially
# since I think that's the dominant issue we will contend with at CSX.
#
#
# It also should be possible to choose an "auto" setting for the two
# corrections, since the geometry information given should be enough to
# decide if the correction is needed.
# Probably the automatic check will have to be very conservative for the
# probe propagation side since the model has no information about the
# expected numerical aperture of the probe.
#
#
# I'm worried that the propagation doesn't happen along the correct
# direction, if a phase ramp is expected to be baked in to the
# retrieved focal spot. Unclear if this is the case though.
#
# Retrieved focal spot should have the implicit phase ramp subtracted
# (that is, it should be the focal spot along the sample plane, but with
# the e^ikz dependence removed). Therefore, the original e^ikz dependence
# should be easy to re-add jusy by using the propagate_along feature
# in ggasp. So I believe this should not be a problem
#
class Bragg2DPtycho(CDIModel):
def __init__(self, wavelength, detector_geometry,
probe_basis, probe_guess, obj_guess,
detector_slice=None,
min_translation=t.tensor([0, 0], dtype=t.float32),
median_propagation=t.tensor(0, dtype=t.float32),
background=None, translation_offsets=None, mask=None,
weights=None, translation_scale=1, saturation=None,
probe_support=None, oversampling=1,
propagate_probe=True, correct_tilt=True, lens=False):
# We need the detector geometry
# We need the probe basis (but in this case, we don't need the surface
# normal because it comes implied by the probe basis
# we do need the detector slice I suppose
# The min translation is also needed
# The median propagation should be needed as well
# translation_offsets can stay 2D for now
# propagate_probe and correct_tilt are important!
super(Bragg2DPtycho, self).__init__()
self.wavelength = t.tensor(wavelength)
self.detector_geometry = copy(detector_geometry)
det_geo = self.detector_geometry
if hasattr(det_geo, 'distance'):
det_geo['distance'] = t.tensor(det_geo['distance'])
if hasattr(det_geo, 'basis'):
det_geo['basis'] = t.tensor(det_geo['basis'])
if hasattr(det_geo, 'corner'):
det_geo['corner'] = t.tensor(det_geo['corner'])
self.min_translation = t.tensor(min_translation)
self.median_propagation = t.tensor(median_propagation)
self.probe_basis = t.tensor(probe_basis)
self.detector_slice = copy(detector_slice)
# calculate the surface normal from the probe basis
surface_normal = np.cross(np.array(probe_basis)[:,1],
np.array(probe_basis)[:,0])
surface_normal /= np.linalg.norm(surface_normal)
self.surface_normal = t.tensor(surface_normal)
self.saturation = saturation
if mask is None:
self.mask = mask
else:
self.mask = t.tensor(mask, dtype=t.bool)
probe_guess = t.tensor(probe_guess, dtype=t.complex64)
obj_guess = t.tensor(obj_guess, dtype=t.complex64)
# We rescale the probe here so it learns at the same rate as the
# object
if probe_guess.dim() > 2:
self.probe_norm = 1 * t.max(t.abs(probe_guess[0]))
else:
self.probe_norm = 1 * t.max(t.abs(probe_guess))
# Not strictly necessary but otherwise it will return
# a probe with the stuff outside of the support unchanged after
# optimization
if probe_support is not None:
self.probe_support = t.tensor(probe_support, dtype=t.bool)
probe_guess = probe_guess * probe_support
# This seems dumb, but otherwise it winds up with a mixture
# of negative and positive zeros and it's super annoying when
# you look at the phase map
probe_guess[probe_guess == 0] = 0
else:
self.probe_support = t.ones(self.probe[0].shape, dtype=t.bool)
self.probe = t.nn.Parameter(probe_guess / self.probe_norm)
self.obj = t.nn.Parameter(obj_guess)
if background is None:
if detector_slice is not None:
background = 1e-6 * t.ones(
self.probe[0][self.detector_slice].shape,
dtype=t.float32)
else:
background = 1e-6 * t.ones(self.probe[0].shape,
dtype=t.float32)
self.background = t.nn.Parameter(background)
if weights is None:
self.weights = None
else:
# No incoherent + unstable here yet
self.weights = t.nn.Parameter(t.tensor(weights,
dtype=t.float32))
if translation_offsets is None:
self.translation_offsets = None
else:
t_o = t.tensor(translation_offsets, dtype=t.float32)
t_o = t_o / translation_scale
self.translation_offsets = t.nn.Parameter(t_o)
self.translation_scale = translation_scale
self.oversampling = oversampling
self.propagate_probe = propagate_probe
self.correct_tilt = correct_tilt
if correct_tilt:
# recall that here we always want the shape of the detector
# before it's cut down by the detector slice to match the
# physical detector region
probe_shape = self.probe[0]
self.k_map, self.intensity_map = \
tools.propagators.generate_high_NA_k_intensity_map(
self.probe_basis,
self.detector_geometry['basis'] / oversampling,
probe_shape,
self.detector_geometry['distance'],
self.wavelength,dtype=t.float32,
lens=lens)
else:
self.k_map = None
self.intensity_map = None
self.prop_dir = t.tensor([0, 0, 1], dtype=t.float32)
# This propagator should be able to be multiplied by the propagation
# distance each time to get a propagator
self.universal_propagator = t.angle(ggasp(
self.probe.shape[1:],
self.probe_basis, self.wavelength,
t.tensor([0, 0, self.wavelength/(2*np.pi)], dtype=t.float32),
propagation_vector=self.prop_dir,
dtype=t.complex64,
propagate_along_offset=True))
@classmethod
def from_dataset(cls, dataset, probe_size=None, randomize_ang=0, padding=0, n_modes=1, translation_scale = 1, saturation=None, probe_support_radius=None, propagation_distance=None, scattering_mode=None, oversampling=1, auto_center=True, propagate_probe=True,correct_tilt=True, lens=False, opt_for_fft=False):
wavelength = dataset.wavelength
det_basis = dataset.detector_geometry['basis']
det_shape = dataset[0][1].shape
distance = dataset.detector_geometry['distance']
# always do this on the cpu
get_as_args = dataset.get_as_args
dataset.get_as(device='cpu')
(indices, translations), patterns = dataset[:]
dataset.get_as(*get_as_args[0],**get_as_args[1])
# Set to none to avoid issues with things outside the detector
if auto_center:
center = tools.image_processing.centroid(t.sum(patterns,dim=0))
else:
center = None
# Then, generate the exit wave geometry from the dataset
ewg = tools.initializers.exit_wave_geometry
ew_basis, ew_shape, det_slice = ewg(det_basis,
det_shape,
wavelength,
distance,
center=center,
padding=padding,
opt_for_fft=opt_for_fft,
oversampling=oversampling)
# now we grab the sample surface normal
if hasattr(dataset, 'sample_info') and \
dataset.sample_info is not None and \
'orientation' in dataset.sample_info:
surface_normal = dataset.sample_info['orientation'][2]
else:
surface_normal = np.array([0.,0.,1.])
# If this information is supplied when the function is called,
# then we override the information in the .cxi file
if scattering_mode in {'t', 'transmission'}:
surface_normal = np.array([0.,0.,1.])
elif scattering_mode in {'r', 'reflection'}:
outgoing_dir = np.cross(det_basis[:,0], det_basis[:,1])
outgoing_dir /= np.linalg.norm(outgoing_dir)
surface_normal = outgoing_dir + np.array([0.,0.,1.])
surface_normal /= np.linalg.norm(outgoing_dir)
# and we use that to generate the probe basis
ew_normal = np.cross(np.array(ew_basis)[:,1],
np.array(ew_basis)[:,0])
ew_normal /= np.linalg.norm(ew_normal)
# This is a bit of an odd way to do a projection but I think it's
# the most compact and reliable. We set up two matrix-vector equations
# to enforce the two conditions (on the plane normal to the surface
# normal and in the ew_normal direction from the original point
mat = np.vstack([np.eye(3) - np.outer(ew_normal,ew_normal),
surface_normal])
# We know that this matrix multiplied by the final result must
# equal the input vector with a trailing 0, so we can do the
# projection with a pseudoinverse and removing the last column
projector = np.linalg.pinv(mat)[:, :3]
probe_basis = t.Tensor(np.dot(projector, ew_basis))
# Now we need a much better way to handle the translations here
# than translations_to_pixel
# Next generate the object geometry from the probe geometry and
# the translations
p2s = tools.interactions.project_translations_to_sample
pix_translations, propagations = p2s(probe_basis, translations)
obj_size, min_translation = tools.initializers.calc_object_setup(ew_shape, pix_translations, padding=200)
median_propagation = t.median(propagations)
if hasattr(dataset, 'background') and dataset.background is not None:
background = t.sqrt(dataset.background)
else:
background = None
# Finally, initialize the probe and object using this information
# Because the grid we defined on the sample is projected from the
# detector conjugate space, we can pretend that the grid is just in
# that space and use the standard initializations anyway
if probe_size is None:
probe = tools.initializers.SHARP_style_probe(dataset, ew_shape, det_slice, propagation_distance=propagation_distance, oversampling=oversampling)
else:
probe = tools.initializers.gaussian_probe(dataset, ew_basis, ew_shape, probe_size, propagation_distance=propagation_distance)
# Now we initialize all the subdominant probe modes
probe_max = t.max(t.abs(probe))
probe_stack = [0.01 * probe_max * t.rand(probe.shape,dtype=probe.dtype) for i in range(n_modes - 1)]
probe = t.stack([probe,] + probe_stack)
obj = t.exp(1j*(randomize_ang * (t.rand(obj_size)-0.5)))
det_geo = dataset.detector_geometry
translation_offsets = 0 * (t.rand((len(dataset),2)) - 0.5)
weights = t.ones(len(dataset))
if hasattr(dataset, 'mask') and dataset.mask is not None:
mask = dataset.mask.to(t.bool)
else:
mask = None
if probe_support_radius is not None:
probe_support = t.zeros(probe[0].shape, dtype=t.bool)
p_cent = np.array(probe[0].shape).astype(int) // 2
psr = int(probe_support_radius)
probe_support[p_cent[0]-psr:p_cent[0]+psr,
p_cent[1]-psr:p_cent[1]+psr] = 1
else:
probe_support = None;
# Here we need to implement a simple condition to choose whether
# to propagate the probe or not
if not( propagate_probe is True or propagate_probe is False):
raise NotImplementedError('No auto option implemented yet')
if not(correct_tilt is True or correct_tilt is False):
raise NotImplementedError('No auto option implemented yet')
return cls(wavelength, det_geo, probe_basis, probe, obj,
detector_slice=det_slice,
min_translation=min_translation,
median_propagation =median_propagation,
translation_offsets = translation_offsets,
weights=weights, mask=mask, background=background,
translation_scale=translation_scale,
saturation=saturation,
probe_support=probe_support,
oversampling=oversampling,
propagate_probe=propagate_probe,
correct_tilt=correct_tilt,
lens=lens)
def interaction(self, index, translations):
pix_trans, props = tools.interactions.project_translations_to_sample(
self.probe_basis, translations)
pix_trans -= self.min_translation
props -= self.median_propagation
if self.translation_offsets is not None:
pix_trans += self.translation_scale * self.translation_offsets[index]
Ws = self.weights[index]
prs = Ws[...,None,None,None] * self.probe
# Now we need to propagate each of the probes
for j in range(prs.shape[0]):
# I believe this -1 sign is in error, but I need a dataset with
# well understood geometry to figure it out
propagator = t.exp(
1j*(props[j]*(2*np.pi)/self.wavelength)
* self.universal_propagator)
prs[j] = tools.propagators.near_field(prs[j], propagator)
exit_waves = self.probe_norm * tools.interactions.ptycho_2D_sinc(
prs, self.obj,pix_trans,
shift_probe=True, multiple_modes=True)
return exit_waves
def forward_propagator(self, wavefields):
if self.correct_tilt:
return tools.propagators.high_NA_far_field(
wavefields,self.k_map,intensity_map=self.intensity_map)
else:
return tools.propagators.far_field(wavefields)
def backward_propagator(self, wavefields):
if self.correct_tilt:
assert NotImplementedError('Backward propagator not defined with tilt correction')
else:
return tools.propagators.inverse_far_field(wavefields)
def measurement(self, wavefields):
return tools.measurements.quadratic_background(wavefields,
self.background,
detector_slice=self.detector_slice,
measurement=tools.measurements.incoherent_sum,
saturation=self.saturation,
oversampling=self.oversampling)
def loss(self, sim_data, real_data, mask=None):
return tools.losses.amplitude_mse(real_data, sim_data, mask=mask)
def to(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Bragg2DPtycho, self).to(*args, **kwargs)
self.wavelength = self.wavelength.to(*args,**kwargs)
# move the detector geometry too
det_geo = self.detector_geometry
if hasattr(det_geo, 'distance'):
det_geo['distance'] = det_geo['distance'].to(*args,**kwargs)
if hasattr(det_geo, 'basis'):
det_geo['basis'] = det_geo['basis'].to(*args,**kwargs)
if hasattr(det_geo, 'corner'):
det_geo['corner'] = det_geo['corner'].to(*args,**kwargs)
if self.mask is not None:
self.mask = self.mask.to(*args, **kwargs)
if self.k_map is not None:
self.k_map = self.k_map.to(*args,**kwargs)
if self.intensity_map is not None:
self.intensity_map = self.intensity_map.to(*args,**kwargs)
self.min_translation = self.min_translation.to(*args,**kwargs)
self.probe_basis = self.probe_basis.to(*args,**kwargs)
self.probe_norm = self.probe_norm.to(*args,**kwargs)
self.probe_support = self.probe_support.to(*args,**kwargs)
self.surface_normal = self.surface_normal.to(*args, **kwargs)
self.prop_dir = self.prop_dir.to(*args, **kwargs)
self.universal_propagator = self.universal_propagator.to(*args,**kwargs)
def sim_to_dataset(self, args_list):
# In the future, potentially add more control
# over what metadata is saved (names, etc.)
# First, I need to gather all the relevant data
# that needs to be added to the dataset
entry_info = {'program_name': 'CDTools',
'instrument_n': 'Simulated Data',
'start_time': datetime.now()}
surface_normal = self.surface_normal.detach().cpu().numpy()
xsurfacevec = np.cross(np.array([0.,1.,0.]), surface_normal)
xsurfacevec /= np.linalg.norm(xsurfacevec)
ysurfacevec = np.cross(surface_normal, xsurfacevec)
ysurfacevec /= np.linalg.norm(ysurfacevec)
orientation = np.array([xsurfacevec, ysurfacevec, surface_normal])
sample_info = {'description': 'A simulated sample',
'orientation': orientation}
detector_geometry = self.detector_geometry
mask = self.mask
wavelength = self.wavelength
indices, translations = args_list
# Then we simulate the results
data = self.forward(indices, translations)
# And finally, we make the dataset
return Ptycho2DDataset(translations, data,
entry_info = entry_info,
sample_info = sample_info,
wavelength=wavelength,
detector_geometry=detector_geometry,
mask=mask)
def corrected_translations(self,dataset):
translations = dataset.translations.to(dtype=self.probe.real.dtype,
device=self.probe.device)
t_offset = tools.interactions.pixel_to_translations(self.probe_basis,self.translation_offsets*self.translation_scale,surface_normal=self.surface_normal)
return translations + t_offset
plot_list = [
('Dominant Probe Amplitude',
lambda self, fig: p.plot_amplitude(self.probe[0], fig=fig)),
('Dominant Probe Phase',
lambda self, fig: p.plot_phase(self.probe[0], fig=fig)),
('Subdominant Probe Amplitude',
lambda self, fig: p.plot_amplitude(self.probe[1], fig=fig),
lambda self: len(self.probe) >=2),
('Subdominant Probe Phase',
lambda self, fig: p.plot_phase(self.probe[1], fig=fig),
lambda self: len(self.probe) >=2),
('Object Amplitude',
lambda self, fig: p.plot_amplitude(self.obj, fig=fig)),
('Object Phase',
lambda self, fig: p.plot_phase(self.obj, fig=fig)),
('Corrected Translations',
lambda self, fig, dataset: p.plot_translations(self.corrected_translations(dataset), fig=fig)),
('Background',
lambda self, fig: plt.figure(fig.number) and plt.imshow(self.background.detach().cpu().numpy()**2))
]
def save_results(self, dataset):
basis = self.probe_basis.detach().cpu().numpy()
translations = self.corrected_translations(dataset).detach().cpu().numpy()
probe = self.probe.detach().cpu().numpy()
probe = probe * self.probe_norm.detach().cpu().numpy()
obj = self.obj.detach().cpu().numpy()
background = self.background.detach().cpu().numpy()**2
weights = self.weights.detach().cpu().numpy()
return {'basis':basis, 'translation':translations,
'probe':probe,'obj':obj,
'background':background,
'weights':weights}