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13.5.2011 - Kamil Sedlak

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1) Small changes before making the musrSim public
 2) Slight improvement of the musrSim manual
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sedlak 2011-05-13 11:27:15 +00:00
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@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ Geant4}. The root output variables are also described.
\section{Scope of the musrSim program} \section{Scope of the musrSim program}
The program ``musrSim'' is a relatively general program that can be used to simulate The program ``musrSim'' is a relatively general program that can be used to simulate
the response of a $\mu$SR~\cite{Blundel:1999} instruments (detectors) to muons and their decay particles the response of a $\mu$SR~\cite{Blundel:1999} instruments (detectors) to muons and their decay particles
(electrons, positrons and gammas), optionaly including ``optical photons''. (electrons, positrons and gammas), optionally including ``optical photons''.
Even though musrSim is tailored to the needs of Even though musrSim is tailored to the needs of
the $\mu$SR technique~\cite{shirokaGeant}, it has been used also the $\mu$SR technique~\cite{shirokaGeant}, it has been used also
in the studies of beam-line elements like spin rotators, as well as in the studies of beam-line elements like spin rotators, as well as
in the detector development in the detector development
studies without any muons involved, e.g.\ to test the response of an APD-based studies without any muons involved, e.g.\ to test the response of an APD-based
scintillator counters to the irradiation of Sr radioactive source~\cite{AlexeyTestAPD}. scintillator counters to the irradiation of Sr radioactive source~\cite{FirstExperience}.
It should be streitforward to apply musrSim also to the low energy particle-physics It should be straightforward to apply musrSim also to the low energy particle-physics
experiments with muons. experiments with muons.
The program is based on the Geant4~\cite{geant} and Root~\cite{root} libraries. The program is based on the Geant4~\cite{geant} and Root~\cite{root} libraries.
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ In our view, the main advantages of musrSim are:
\item Possibility to use musrSim easily for calculating muon stopping profile \item Possibility to use musrSim easily for calculating muon stopping profile
(also in e.g.\ sample cells) or in developments of detector components (also in e.g.\ sample cells) or in developments of detector components
(e.g.\ light propagation in the scintillator of a positron/muon counter (e.g.\ light propagation in the scintillator of a positron/muon counter
and the subsequent light collectin in a photomultiplier tube or APD). and the subsequent light collection in a photomultiplier tube or APD).
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
% %
On the other hand, there are also some drawbacks and limitations: On the other hand, there are also some drawbacks and limitations:
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ Once Geant4 has been successfully installed and some of the default Geant4 examp
has been run, the musrSim installation package can be downloaded from the web page has been run, the musrSim installation package can be downloaded from the web page
http://lmu.web.psi.ch/simulation/index.html. http://lmu.web.psi.ch/simulation/index.html.
Usually the ``env.sh'' script has to be run to set-up the environment variables Usually the ``env.sh'' script has to be run to set-up the environment variables
appropriatelly before the musrSim (and/or any other Geant4 application) can be compiled appropriately before the musrSim (and/or any other Geant4 application) can be compiled
and run. and run.
The simulation is started by executing: The simulation is started by executing:
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ in the macro file:
By default, the output of the simulation is written out in the subdirectory ``data'' with By default, the output of the simulation is written out in the subdirectory ``data'' with
the name ``musr\_RUNNUMBER.root''. The default ``data'' subdirectory can be changed the name ``musr\_RUNNUMBER.root''. The default ``data'' subdirectory can be changed
(see Chapter~\ref{sec:otherParameters}). The simulated data are storred in a Root tree, (see Chapter~\ref{sec:otherParameters}). The simulated data are stored in a Root tree,
which is some kind of a table with many variables for every simulated event, inside which is some kind of a table with many variables for every simulated event, inside
the musr\_RUNNUMBER.root file. the musr\_RUNNUMBER.root file.
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ are summarised in table~\ref{tab:units}.
Momentum && MeV/c\\ Momentum && MeV/c\\
Magnetic field && tesla \\ Magnetic field && tesla \\
Electric field && keV/mm \\ Electric field && keV/mm \\
Anlgel && degree \\ Angle && degree \\
\hline \hline
\end{tabular} \end{tabular}
\caption{The default units of musrSim.} \caption{The default units of musrSim.}
@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ are summarised in table~\ref{tab:units}.
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\item Visualise your instrument geometry during its construction. \item Visualise your instrument geometry during its construction.
\item Check the output file for error messages, especially for volume overlaps. \item Check the output file for error messages, especially for volume overlaps.
\item Note the the dimensions in volume definitions are often half-lenghts, not \item Note the the dimensions in volume definitions are often half-lengths, not
the lenghts (e.g.\ half-lengths of the box edges). the lengths (e.g.\ half-lengths of the box edges).
\item The order of some commands in macro file matters -- e.g.\ one has to define \item The order of some commands in macro file matters -- e.g.\ one has to define
a mother volume before the daughter volume, etc. a mother volume before the daughter volume, etc.
\item Threre are some special volume names, namely \emph{World}, \item There are some special volume names, namely \emph{World},
\emph{Target} (same as \emph{target}), \emph{M0}, \emph{M1}, \emph{M2} and \emph{Target} (same as \emph{target}), \emph{M0}, \emph{M1}, \emph{M2} and
volumes starging with keywords \emph{Shield} (same as \emph{shield}), and volumes starting with keywords \emph{Shield} (same as \emph{shield}), and
volumes containing string \emph{save}. All these volume influence the volumes containing string \emph{save}. All these volume influence the
behaviour of the simulation, so understand how they act (see different chapters behaviour of the simulation, so understand how they act (see different chapters
of this manual) before you use them. of this manual) before you use them.
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ are summarised in table~\ref{tab:units}.
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Detector construction} \section{Detector construction}
The user must first define the instrument geometry in the macro file. It should be realively The user must first define the instrument geometry in the macro file. It should be relatively
easy to understand how this is done from the example macro files distributed with musrSim easy to understand how this is done from the example macro files distributed with musrSim
program. program.
@ -232,11 +232,41 @@ The ID volume numbers are later on used also in the musrSimAna program, when som
of a volume becomes necessary (i.e.\ volumes are described by \emph{idNumber} rather than of a volume becomes necessary (i.e.\ volumes are described by \emph{idNumber} rather than
by their \emph{name} command later on). by their \emph{name} command later on).
Another crutial parameter in ``/musr/command construct'' command Another crucial parameter in ``/musr/command construct'' command
is \emph{sensitiveClass}, which defines whether the volume is \emph{sensitiveClass}, which defines whether the volume
is sensitive (i.e.\ a signal can be detected in the volume) or not (i.e.\ the volume is sensitive (i.e.\ a signal can be detected in the volume) or not (i.e.\ the volume
is just a dead material influencing the penetrating particles but not detecting them). is just a dead material influencing the penetrating particles but not detecting them).
There are some special kind of volumes, which are defined by the name (or part of the name).
The user can (but does not have) to use them.
The first of them is the volume named ``Target'' (or ``target''). It is expected, that
this is the sample, and the quantities {\tt muTargetTime, muTargetPolX, muTargetPolY, muTargetPolZ,
muTargetMomX, muTargetMomY, muTargetMomZ},
will be saved when a muon enters this volumes for the first time in a given event.
The second special kind of volumes are the volumes named ``M0'', ``M1'' and ``M3'' (or ``m0'',
``m1'' and ``m3''). Typically these volumes can be trigger detectors.
The quantities {\tt muM0Time, muM0PolX, muM0PolY, muM0PolZ}
will be saved when a muon enters the volume called ``M0'' (or ``m0'') for the first time
(similarly for ``M1'' and ``M2'').
Note that it is not expected that {\tt muM0Time} should be used in the analysis of the
simulation -- one should use the {\tt det\_time\_start} quantity, which corresponds
to the measured time in the experiment.
The third class of special volumes has names starting with the string ``save''.
Their purpose in the simulation is usually to check positions
and momenta of particles at some position of the detector, even if the particle does not deposit any energy in
the given ``save'' volume. Save volumes can therefore be made of vacuum.
See section\ref{sec:rootVariables} for further details on what is saved in the Root tree.
The last special class of volumes has names starting with the string ``kill'',
``shield'' or ``Shield''.
If a particle enters the ``kill \ldots'' volume, it is removed from further simulation.
The same is true for the ``shield \ldots'' or ``Shield \ldots'' volumes for
any particle apart for a muon.
The motivation for this kind of volumes was to speed up the simulation by removing tracks
that are unlikely to hit any detector. The ``kill'', ``shield'' and ``Shield'' volumes should be use with
care.
\begin{description} \begin{description}
@ -330,7 +360,6 @@ is just a dead material influencing the penetrating particles but not detecting
The variables \emph{gammaCut, electronCut} and \emph{positronCut} are given in mm. The variables \emph{gammaCut, electronCut} and \emph{positronCut} are given in mm.
\end{description} \end{description}
{\huge !!! EDIT: !!! Three special volumes ``Target, M0, M1 and M2''.}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Electric and magnetic fields} \section{Electric and magnetic fields}
@ -429,7 +458,7 @@ is just a dead material influencing the penetrating particles but not detecting
after the ``0'' character in the field map file.\\ after the ``0'' character in the field map file.\\
It is expected that the field map is defined in the full volume of the field. It is expected that the field map is defined in the full volume of the field.
Sometimes (due to the symmetry of the field), it is enough to define the Sometimes (due to the symmetry of the field), it is enough to define the
field in just one octant of the Kartesian coorinate system (e.g. for positive field in just one octant of the Cartesian coordinate system (e.g. for positive
$x$, $y$ and $z$). In such cases, the user can specify this in the field map $x$, $y$ and $z$). In such cases, the user can specify this in the field map
file using the keyword ``symmetryType \emph{number}'', where the \emph{number} file using the keyword ``symmetryType \emph{number}'', where the \emph{number}
specifies how the field should be extrapolated to other octants. specifies how the field should be extrapolated to other octants.
@ -560,7 +589,7 @@ However, later on we implemented a possibility to change the direction of the in
to a random vector by the command ``/gun/direction''. It now works like this: to a random vector by the command ``/gun/direction''. It now works like this:
the primary particles are first generated using all parameters of /gun/* commands the primary particles are first generated using all parameters of /gun/* commands
as if the beam went along the $z$-axis, and just in the last moment before Geant4 starts as if the beam went along the $z$-axis, and just in the last moment before Geant4 starts
to track them, they are (optionaly) rotated to the direction defined by the /gun/direction command. to track them, they are (optionally) rotated to the direction defined by the /gun/direction command.
This way the smearing of the vertex as well as beam tilt/pitch are propagated through the rotation. This way the smearing of the vertex as well as beam tilt/pitch are propagated through the rotation.
\begin{description} \begin{description}
@ -571,7 +600,7 @@ This way the smearing of the vertex as well as beam tilt/pitch are propagated th
\item{\bf /gun/meanarrivaltime \emph{meanArrivalTime}}\\ \item{\bf /gun/meanarrivaltime \emph{meanArrivalTime}}\\
(default: /gun/meanarrivaltime 33.33333 microsecond)\\ (default: /gun/meanarrivaltime 33.33333 microsecond)\\
Set mean arrival time difference between two subsequent muons (at continuos beam). Set mean arrival time difference between two subsequent muons (at continuous beam).
The output variable ``timeToNextEvent'' is subsequently randomly generated using The output variable ``timeToNextEvent'' is subsequently randomly generated using
the value of \emph{meanArrivalTime} and filled into the Root tree. the value of \emph{meanArrivalTime} and filled into the Root tree.
@ -751,10 +780,10 @@ This way the smearing of the vertex as well as beam tilt/pitch are propagated th
\item{\bf /gun/turtleInterpretAxes \emph{axesWithSign}}\\ \item{\bf /gun/turtleInterpretAxes \emph{axesWithSign}}\\
Normally it is expected that the coordinates in TURTLE are x, xprime, y and yprime. Normally it is expected that the coordinates in TURTLE are x, xprime, y and yprime.
One can specify whether the x and y axes of the position in TURTLE should be interpretted differently. One can specify whether the x and y axes of the position in TURTLE should be interpreted differently.
The following options are supported for \emph{axesWithSign}: x-y, -xy, -x-y, yx, y-x, -yx, -y-x .\\ The following options are supported for \emph{axesWithSign}: x-y, -xy, -x-y, yx, y-x, -yx, -y-x .\\
Example: the option y-x means that first four coordinates in the TURTLE input file Example: the option y-x means that first four coordinates in the TURTLE input file
are interpreded as y, yprime, -x, -xprime. are interpreted as y, yprime, -x, -xprime.
\item{\bf /gun/turtleMomentumBite \emph{turtleMomentumP0} \emph{turtleSmearingFactor} \emph{dummy} }\\ \item{\bf /gun/turtleMomentumBite \emph{turtleMomentumP0} \emph{turtleSmearingFactor} \emph{dummy} }\\
Modify the smearing of the momentum bite specified in the TURTLE input file. Modify the smearing of the momentum bite specified in the TURTLE input file.
@ -799,10 +828,10 @@ This way the smearing of the vertex as well as beam tilt/pitch are propagated th
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Optical photons} \section{Optical photons}
\label{sec:opticalPhotons} \label{sec:opticalPhotons}
Normaly the simulation of ``detected signal'' stops at the level of the deposited energy in Normally the simulation of ``detected signal'' stops at the level of the deposited energy in
a sensitive volume (e.g.\ in a scintilator tile). However, in some special cases, one would a sensitive volume (e.g.\ in a scintillator tile). However, in some special cases, one would
like to know how the light is propagated through the scintillators. In such case simulation like to know how the light is propagated through the scintillators. In such case simulation
of optical photons is possible. Note that the optical photon in Geant are treaded as a class of optical photons is possible. Note that the optical photon in Geant are treated as a class
of particles distinct from higher energy gamma particles -- and there is no smooth transition of particles distinct from higher energy gamma particles -- and there is no smooth transition
between the two. Some additional material properties between the two. Some additional material properties
of an active detector and of the detector surface have to be defined for optical photons. of an active detector and of the detector surface have to be defined for optical photons.
@ -835,11 +864,11 @@ in order to simulate optical photons:
FASTTIMECONSTANT, SLOWTIMECONSTANT, and YIELDRATIO. See other \emph{property} keywords FASTTIMECONSTANT, SLOWTIMECONSTANT, and YIELDRATIO. See other \emph{property} keywords
in chapter ``Optical Photon Processes'' in~\cite{geantUserManual}.\\ in chapter ``Optical Photon Processes'' in~\cite{geantUserManual}.\\
\begin{description} \begin{description}
\item{\bf SCINTILLATIONYIELD} ... nr. of photons per 1\,MeV of deposited energy. \item{\bf SCINTILLATIONYIELD} ... no. of photons per 1\,MeV of deposited energy.
\item{\bf RESOLUTIONSCALE} ... intrinsic resolution -- normally 1, larger than \item{\bf RESOLUTIONSCALE} ... intrinsic resolution -- normally 1, larger than
1 for crystals with impurities, smaller than 1 when Fano factor plays a role. 1 for crystals with impurities, smaller than 1 when Fano factor plays a role.
\item{\bf YIELDRATIO} ... relative strength of the fast component as a fraction \item{\bf YIELDRATIO} ... relative strength of the fast component as a fraction
of total scintillation yeald. of total scintillation yield.
\end{description} \end{description}
\item {\bf /musr/command setMaterialPropertiesTable \emph{MPT\_name} \emph{material\_name}} \\ \item {\bf /musr/command setMaterialPropertiesTable \emph{MPT\_name} \emph{material\_name}} \\
@ -873,7 +902,7 @@ in order to simulate optical photons:
for the deposited energy signals. for the deposited energy signals.
\item{\bf OPSAhist \emph{nBins} \emph{min} \emph{max}} \\ \item{\bf OPSAhist \emph{nBins} \emph{min} \emph{max}} \\
Defines ``OPSA'' histograms -- i.e.\ histograms that Defines ``OPSA'' histograms -- i.e.\ histograms that
contain the time distribution of the arival of optical photons.\\ contain the time distribution of the arrival of optical photons.\\
\emph{nBins} ... number of bins of the histogram\\ \emph{nBins} ... number of bins of the histogram\\
\emph{min} ... minimum of the x-axis of the histogram\\ \emph{min} ... minimum of the x-axis of the histogram\\
\emph{max}... maximum of the x-axis the histogram\\ \emph{max}... maximum of the x-axis the histogram\\
@ -892,20 +921,20 @@ in order to simulate optical photons:
event \emph{eventID} in the detector \emph{detID}.\\ event \emph{eventID} in the detector \emph{detID}.\\
There are other two histograms, namely There are other two histograms, namely
``OPSAshape\_\emph{eventID}\_\emph{detID}\_\emph{n}'', which shows ``OPSAshape\_\emph{eventID}\_\emph{detID}\_\emph{n}'', which shows
the signal from OPSAhist convoluted with the responce function the signal from OPSAhist convoluted with the response function
of the optical detection device as e.g.\ G-APD, and of the optical detection device as e.g.\ G-APD, and
``OPSA\_CFD\_\emph{eventID}\_\emph{detID}\_\emph{n}'', which shows ``OPSA\_CFD\_\emph{eventID}\_\emph{detID}\_\emph{n}'', which shows
the signal from OPSAshape after the constant fraction discriminator. the signal from OPSAshape after the constant fraction discriminator.
\item{\bf pulseShapeArray \emph{pulseShapeFileName}}\\ \item{\bf pulseShapeArray \emph{pulseShapeFileName}}\\
\emph{pulseShapeFileName} is the name of the file that contains responce \emph{pulseShapeFileName} is the name of the file that contains response
function (pulse shape) of a single cell (single photon) detected by function (pulse shape) of a single cell (single photon) detected by
the photosensitive detector. The data format is very strict:\\ the photosensitive detector. The data format is very strict:\\
\% ... comments \\ \% ... comments \\
first column ... time in picosecond (it has to be: 0, 1, 2, ... iPSmax first column ... time in picoseconds (it has to be: 0, 1, 2, ... iPSmax
where iPSmax is smaller than 10000)\\ where iPSmax is smaller than 10000)\\
second column ... amplitude of the APD response function\\ second column ... amplitude of the APD response function\\
{\bf Internally in musrSim, the data read from this file are interpolated to the {\bf Internally in musrSim, the data read from this file are interpolated to the
centers of the bins of the histograms defined by centres of the bins of the histograms defined by
``/musr/command OPSA OPSAhist ''}. ``/musr/command OPSA OPSAhist ''}.
\item{\bf CFD \emph{a1} \emph{delay} \emph{timeShiftOffset}}\\ \item{\bf CFD \emph{a1} \emph{delay} \emph{timeShiftOffset}}\\
@ -1057,6 +1086,7 @@ in order to simulate optical photons:
\end{description} \end{description}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Output root tree variables} \section{Output root tree variables}
\label{sec:rootVariables}
The value of -999 or -1000 indicates that the given variable could not be filled The value of -999 or -1000 indicates that the given variable could not be filled
(was undefined in a given event). (was undefined in a given event).
For example if the variable ``muTargetTime'' is set to -1000 it means that the initial muon missed the sample, For example if the variable ``muTargetTime'' is set to -1000 it means that the initial muon missed the sample,
@ -1097,7 +1127,8 @@ The list of variables that can be stored in the Root tree:
\item{\bf muDecayPosX, muDecayPosY, muDecayPosZ} (Double\_t) -- the position where the muon stopped and decayed (in mm). \item{\bf muDecayPosX, muDecayPosY, muDecayPosZ} (Double\_t) -- the position where the muon stopped and decayed (in mm).
\item{\bf muDecayPolX, muDecayPolY, muDecayPolZ} (Double\_t) -- polarisation of the muon when it stopped and decayed. \item{\bf muDecayPolX, muDecayPolY, muDecayPolZ} (Double\_t) -- polarisation of the muon when it stopped and decayed.
\item{\bf muTargetTime} (Double\_t) -- time at which the muon entered the volume whose name starts by ``target'' -- usually the sample (in $\mu$s). \item{\bf muTargetTime} (Double\_t) -- time at which the muon entered the volume whose name starts by ``target'' -- usually the sample (in $\mu$s).
\item{\bf muTargetPolX, muTargetPolY, muTargetPolZ} (Double\_t) -- polarisation of the muon when it entered the volume whose name starts with ``target'' -- usually the sample. \item{\bf muTargetPolX, muTargetPolY, muTargetPolZ} (Double\_t) -- polarisation of the muon when it entered the volume whose name is ``target'' -- usually the sample.
\item{\bf muTargetMomX, muTargetMomY, muTargetMomZ} (Double\_t) -- momentum of the muon when it entered the volume whose name is ``target'' -- usually the sample.
\item{\bf muM0Time} (Double\_t) -- time at which the muon entered the detector called ``M0'' or ``m0'' (in $\mu$s). \item{\bf muM0Time} (Double\_t) -- time at which the muon entered the detector called ``M0'' or ``m0'' (in $\mu$s).
\item{\bf muM0PolX, muM0PolY, muM0PolZ} (Double\_t) -- polarisation of the muon when it entered the detector called ``M0'' or ``m0''. \item{\bf muM0PolX, muM0PolY, muM0PolZ} (Double\_t) -- polarisation of the muon when it entered the detector called ``M0'' or ``m0''.
\item{\bf muM1Time} (Double\_t) -- time at which the muon entered the detector called ``M1'' or ``m1'' (in $\mu$s). \item{\bf muM1Time} (Double\_t) -- time at which the muon entered the detector called ``M1'' or ``m1'' (in $\mu$s).
@ -1181,7 +1212,7 @@ The list of variables that can be stored in the Root tree:
-- times, when the the first and last photons contributing to the given signal were detected (odet\_timeFirst and odet\_timeLast). -- times, when the the first and last photons contributing to the given signal were detected (odet\_timeFirst and odet\_timeLast).
\item{\bf odet\_timeA[odet\_n], odet\_timeB[odet\_n]} (array of Double\_t) \item{\bf odet\_timeA[odet\_n], odet\_timeB[odet\_n]} (array of Double\_t)
-- time, when the $n^{th}$ photon was detected, where $n$ for \emph{odet\_timeA[i]} is given as \emph{OPSA\_fracA} -- time, when the $n^{th}$ photon was detected, where $n$ for \emph{odet\_timeA[i]} is given as \emph{OPSA\_fracA}
multiplied by \emph{odet\_nPhot[i]}. Similary for \emph{odet\_timeB[i]}. multiplied by \emph{odet\_nPhot[i]}. Similarly for \emph{odet\_timeB[i]}.
The variables \emph{OPSA\_fracA} and \emph{OPSA\_fracB} are defined by the ``/musr/command OPSA photonFractions'' command The variables \emph{OPSA\_fracA} and \emph{OPSA\_fracB} are defined by the ``/musr/command OPSA photonFractions'' command
(see chapter~\ref{sec:opticalPhotons}). (see chapter~\ref{sec:opticalPhotons}).
\item{\bf odet\_timeC[odet\_n]} (array of Double\_t) \item{\bf odet\_timeC[odet\_n]} (array of Double\_t)
@ -1201,7 +1232,7 @@ The list of variables that can be stored in the Root tree:
the given ``save'' volume. Save volumes can therefore be made of vacuum. the given ``save'' volume. Save volumes can therefore be made of vacuum.
\item{\bf save\_detID[save\_n]} (array of Int\_t) -- ID number of the save volume. \item{\bf save\_detID[save\_n]} (array of Int\_t) -- ID number of the save volume.
\item{\bf save\_particleID[save\_n]} (array of Int\_t) -- particle ID of the particle that entered the save volume. \item{\bf save\_particleID[save\_n]} (array of Int\_t) -- particle ID of the particle that entered the save volume.
\item{\bf save\_time[save\_n]} (array of Double\_t) -- time when the particle enetered in the volume (in $\mu$s). \item{\bf save\_time[save\_n]} (array of Double\_t) -- time when the particle entered in the volume (in $\mu$s).
\item{\bf save\_x[save\_n], save\_y[save\_n], save\_z[save\_n]} (array of Double\_t) -- position of the particle where it \item{\bf save\_x[save\_n], save\_y[save\_n], save\_z[save\_n]} (array of Double\_t) -- position of the particle where it
entered the save volume (``GetPreStepPoint()'') (in mm). entered the save volume (``GetPreStepPoint()'') (in mm).
\item{\bf save\_px[save\_n], save\_py[save\_n], save\_pz[save\_n]} (array of Double\_t) -- momentum of the particle when it \item{\bf save\_px[save\_n], save\_py[save\_n], save\_pz[save\_n]} (array of Double\_t) -- momentum of the particle when it
@ -1290,9 +1321,9 @@ scintillator tiles.}
\end{figure} \end{figure}
% %
illustrates a simple geometry made of an electron source and two blocks illustrates a simple geometry made of an electron source and two blocks
of scintilator tiles with the dimensions of $3 \times 3 \times 2\,$mm, of scintillator tiles with the dimensions of $3 \times 3 \times 2\,$mm,
which is defined in the macro file ``101.mac''. which is defined in the macro file ``101.mac''.
The primary particles are electrons with the energy of 2.15\,MeV shooted The primary particles are electrons with the energy of 2.15\,MeV shot
into the first scintillator. There the electron can be scattered, and therefore into the first scintillator. There the electron can be scattered, and therefore
it may or may not hit the second scintillator. We have used the command\\[2ex] it may or may not hit the second scintillator. We have used the command\\[2ex]
{\tt /musr/command storeOnlyEventsWithHitInDetID 11}\\[2ex] {\tt /musr/command storeOnlyEventsWithHitInDetID 11}\\[2ex]
@ -1337,7 +1368,7 @@ The data for the strontium and yttrium decay are taken
from the Geant4 data files, namely\\ from the Geant4 data files, namely\\
{\tt /home/install/data\_geant4.9.4/RadioactiveDecay3.3/z38.a90}~~~~ and\\ {\tt /home/install/data\_geant4.9.4/RadioactiveDecay3.3/z38.a90}~~~~ and\\
{\tt /home/install/data\_geant4.9.4/RadioactiveDecay3.3/z39.a90}. \\ {\tt /home/install/data\_geant4.9.4/RadioactiveDecay3.3/z39.a90}. \\
There is, however, one problem in musrSim -- it has to handle times with picoseond precission, There is, however, one problem in musrSim -- it has to handle times with picoseond precision,
and the \emph{double} precision used in the c{\tt ++} program is then not enough to deal with and the \emph{double} precision used in the c{\tt ++} program is then not enough to deal with
the $^{90}$Sr decay time of 29 years. the $^{90}$Sr decay time of 29 years.
For this reason, one has to modify the decay times in the two data files, i.e.\ For this reason, one has to modify the decay times in the two data files, i.e.\
@ -1362,7 +1393,7 @@ of events hits the second counter, and is written out to the output file.
(In any case -- the events in which electron does not enter any counter are simulated in a much (In any case -- the events in which electron does not enter any counter are simulated in a much
shorter time than the ``interesting'' events.) shorter time than the ``interesting'' events.)
The example {\tt 102.mac} is based on the results published in~\cite{kkkkk}. The example {\tt 102.mac} is based on the results published in~\cite{FirstExperience}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Example 3 -- Simulation of the light transport (103.mac)} \section{Example 3 -- Simulation of the light transport (103.mac)}
This example is similar to example~1, and extended by the simulation of light (``optical This example is similar to example~1, and extended by the simulation of light (``optical
@ -1370,7 +1401,7 @@ photons''). The light simulation slows down the execution of musrSim dramatical
The simulation of light is a new feature in musrSim, and it is being tested. Once The simulation of light is a new feature in musrSim, and it is being tested. Once
this is finished, we will improve this example. However, it seems to be running fine this is finished, we will improve this example. However, it seems to be running fine
in its current implementation, so you can start using it. A lot of usefull information in its current implementation, so you can start using it. A lot of useful information
about the optical photons is given in chapter ``Optical Photon Processes'' in about the optical photons is given in chapter ``Optical Photon Processes'' in
the Geant4 User Manual~\cite{geantUserManual}.\\ the Geant4 User Manual~\cite{geantUserManual}.\\
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@ -1378,10 +1409,10 @@ the Geant4 User Manual~\cite{geantUserManual}.\\
% %
The General Purpose Decay-Channel Spectrometer (GPD) The General Purpose Decay-Channel Spectrometer (GPD)
instrument~\cite{GPD} at PSI, more or less as implemented in reality in the year 2010, is exemplified in instrument~\cite{GPD} at PSI, more or less as implemented in reality in the year 2010, is exemplified in
run {\tt 201.mac}. GPD instrument is optimised for the measurements of pressuarised samples run {\tt 201.mac}. GPD instrument is optimised for the measurements of pressured samples
in a special pressure cells. in a special pressure cells.
The detector system is relatively simple -- it consist of a rectangular muon counter (10x10x2\,mm), The detector system is relatively simple -- it consist of a rectangular muon counter (10x10x2\,mm),
two backward positron counters, three forward positron counters, cylidrical sample in a cylindrical two backward positron counters, three forward positron counters, cylindrical sample in a cylindrical
sample holder, two lead collimators, one copper collimator, GPD magnet, and some additional ``dead'' material. sample holder, two lead collimators, one copper collimator, GPD magnet, and some additional ``dead'' material.
The GPD geometry is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:vis_201_1}-\ref{fig:vis_201_4}, The GPD geometry is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:vis_201_1}-\ref{fig:vis_201_4},
where some of the elements present in the simulation (beampipe, magnet, aluminium profiles) are not displayed where some of the elements present in the simulation (beampipe, magnet, aluminium profiles) are not displayed
@ -1482,8 +1513,9 @@ The results of this GPD simulation are described in the \emph{musrSimAna} manual
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Conclusions} \section{Conclusions}
The ... Please let us know your comments and suggestions for further improvement/development of the
in~\cite{Aktas:2004px}. musrSim program.
\section{Appendix A: Steering file for the simulation} \section{Appendix A: Steering file for the simulation}
\begin{verbatim} \begin{verbatim}
@ -1499,9 +1531,6 @@ in~\cite{Aktas:2004px}.
\bibitem{Blundel:1999} S.J.~Blundel, Contemp. Phys. 40 (1999) 175. \bibitem{Blundel:1999} S.J.~Blundel, Contemp. Phys. 40 (1999) 175.
\bibitem{AlexeyTestAPD} A.~Stoykov {\it et al.}, ``First experience with G-APDs in $\mu$SR instrumentation'',
NDIP08, to be published in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A.
\bibitem{geant} S.~Agostinelli {\it et al.}, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 506 (2003) 250.\\ %-303. \\ \bibitem{geant} S.~Agostinelli {\it et al.}, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 506 (2003) 250.\\ %-303. \\
J.~Allison, et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl.\ Sci.\ 53 (2006) 270. %-278. J.~Allison, et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl.\ Sci.\ 53 (2006) 270. %-278.
\bibitem{root} R.~Brun, F.~Rademakers ``ROOT - An Object Oriented Data Analysis Framework'', \bibitem{root} R.~Brun, F.~Rademakers ``ROOT - An Object Oriented Data Analysis Framework'',
@ -1520,18 +1549,16 @@ http://pc532.psi.ch/turtcomp.htm
T.~Shiroka {\it et al.} ``GEANT4 as a simulation framework in muSR'', T.~Shiroka {\it et al.} ``GEANT4 as a simulation framework in muSR'',
Physica {\bf B~404}, (2009) 966-969 Physica {\bf B~404}, (2009) 966-969
% %
%\cite{Aktas:2004px}
\bibitem{Aktas:2004px}
A.~Aktas {\it et al.} [H1 Collaboration],
%``Measurement of dijet production at low Q**2 at HERA,''
Submitted to Eur.\,Phys.\,J.\,{\bf C}, [hep-ex/0401010].
%%CITATION = HEP-EX 0401010;%%
\bibitem{GPD} \bibitem{GPD}
http://lmu.web.psi.ch/facilities/gpd/gpd.html http://lmu.web.psi.ch/facilities/gpd/gpd.html
\bibitem{musrSimAna} \bibitem{musrSimAna}
K.Sedlak, ``Manual of musrSimAna''. K.~Sedlak, ``Manual of musrSimAna''.
\bibitem{FirstExperience}
A.~Stoykov {\it et al.} ``First experience with G-APD in $\mu$SR instrumentation'',
Nucl. Inst. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A {\bf 610} (2009), 374-377.
\end{thebibliography} \end{thebibliography}

3
musrSim.cc
View File

@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
int main(int argc,char** argv) { int main(int argc,char** argv) {
XInitThreads(); XInitThreads();
G4cout<<"\n\n\n*************************************************************"<<G4endl;
G4cout<<" musrSim version 1.0.0 released on 13 May 2011"<<G4endl;
// choose the Random engine // choose the Random engine
// CLHEP::HepRandom::setTheEngine(new CLHEP::RanecuEngine); // the /musr/run/randomOption 2 does not work with RanecuEngine // CLHEP::HepRandom::setTheEngine(new CLHEP::RanecuEngine); // the /musr/run/randomOption 2 does not work with RanecuEngine
CLHEP::HepRandom::setTheEngine(new CLHEP::HepJamesRandom); CLHEP::HepRandom::setTheEngine(new CLHEP::HepJamesRandom);

4
run/102.mac
View File

@ -153,9 +153,9 @@
################################################################################### ###################################################################################
######################### V I S U A L I S A T I O N ############################## ######################### V I S U A L I S A T I O N ##############################
################################################################################### ###################################################################################
#/vis/disable /vis/disable
#/control/execute visFromToni.mac #/control/execute visFromToni.mac
/control/execute visDawn102.mac #/control/execute visDawn102.mac
#/control/execute visVRML.mac #/control/execute visVRML.mac
################################################################################### ###################################################################################
######################### P A R T I C L E G U N ################################# ######################### P A R T I C L E G U N #################################

72
run/visDawn201.mac Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
# This is a macro file for visualizing G4 events.
# It can either be included in another macro or called with /control/exec vis.mac
# Create an OpenGL driver (i.e. a scene handler and viewer)
# Some useful choices: VRML2FILE, OGLSX, OGLIX, DAWNFILE, etc.
#/vis/open VRML2FILE
#*/vis/open OGLIX 600x600-0+0
/vis/open DAWNFILE
# To calculate volumes and masses uncomment the next two lines
#*/vis/open ATree
#*/vis/ASCIITree/verbose 4
# Create a new empty scene and attach it to handler
/vis/scene/create
# Add world volume, trajectories and hits to the scene
/vis/scene/add/volume
/vis/scene/add/trajectories
/vis/scene/add/hits
/vis/sceneHandler/attach
# Configure the viewer (optional)
#/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 235 -45
#/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 90 180
#/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 0 0
/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 90 90
#/vis/viewer/set/lightsThetaPhi 120 60
#/vis/viewer/set/hiddenEdge true
#/vis/viewer/set/style surface
/vis/viewer/zoom 2.5
# Style: s - surface, w - wireframe
# Note: "surface style" and "hiddenEdge true" remove transparency!
# Other viewpoints (25 55) (235 -45) (125 35)
# Store trajectory information for visualisation (set to 0 if too many tracks cause core dump)
/tracking/storeTrajectory 1
#At the end of each event (default behaviour)
#/vis/scene/endOfEventAction refresh
#At the end of run of X events - Data from X events will be superimposed
#cks
#/vis/scene/endOfEventAction accumulate
#At the end of Y runs - Data from Y runs will be superimposed
#/vis/scene/endOfRunAction accumulate
# Coloured trajectories for an easier particle identification:
# PDG IDs and colours: e- 11 red, e+ -11 blue, nu_e 12 yellow,
# mu+ -13 magenta, anti_nu_mu -14 green, gamma 22 grey
#
#/vis/modeling/trajectories/create/drawByCharge
#/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByCharge-0/set 1 cyan
/vis/modeling/trajectories/create/drawByParticleID
#*/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/set gamma grey
#/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA gamma 1 1 1 0
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA mu+ 1 0 0 1
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA e+ 0 0 1 1
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA gamma 0 1 0 1
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA e- 1 0 1 1
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA nu_e 1 1 1 0 1
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA anti_nu_mu 1 1 1 0.5
#/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/set nu_e white
#/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/set anti_nu_mu white
# Verbosity of hits
#/hits/verbose 2
# Output just the detector geometry
/vis/viewer/flush

63
run/visFromToni.mac Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
# This is a macro file for visualizing G4 events.
# It can either be included in another macro or called with /control/exec vis.mac
# Create an OpenGL driver (i.e. a scene handler and viewer)
# Some useful choices: VRML2FILE, OGLSX, OGLIX, DAWNFILE, etc.
#/vis/open VRML2FILE
#*/vis/open OGLIX 600x600-0+0
/vis/open DAWNFILE
# To calculate volumes and masses uncomment the next two lines
#*/vis/open ATree
#*/vis/ASCIITree/verbose 4
# Create a new empty scene and attach it to handler
/vis/scene/create
# Add world volume, trajectories and hits to the scene
/vis/scene/add/volume
/vis/scene/add/trajectories
/vis/scene/add/hits
/vis/sceneHandler/attach
# Configure the viewer (optional)
/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 235 -45
/vis/viewer/set/lightsThetaPhi 120 60
#/vis/viewer/set/hiddenEdge true
#/vis/viewer/set/style surface
#/vis/viewer/zoom 0.5
# Style: s - surface, w - wireframe
# Note: "surface style" and "hiddenEdge true" remove transparency!
# Other viewpoints (25 55) (235 -45) (125 35)
# Store trajectory information for visualisation (set to 0 if too many tracks cause core dump)
/tracking/storeTrajectory 1
#At the end of each event (default behaviour)
#/vis/scene/endOfEventAction refresh
#At the end of run of X events - Data from X events will be superimposed
/vis/scene/endOfEventAction accumulate
#At the end of Y runs - Data from Y runs will be superimposed
#/vis/scene/endOfRunAction accumulate
# Coloured trajectories for an easier particle identification:
# PDG IDs and colours: e- 11 red, e+ -11 blue, nu_e 12 yellow,
# mu+ -13 magenta, anti_nu_mu -14 green, gamma 22 grey
#
#/vis/modeling/trajectories/create/drawByCharge
#/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByCharge-0/set 1 cyan
/vis/modeling/trajectories/create/drawByParticleID
#*/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/set gamma grey
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA mu+ 1 0 1 1
/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA e+ 0 0 0.8 0.5
#*/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA nu_e 0.7 0.7 0 1
#*/vis/modeling/trajectories/drawByParticleID-0/setRGBA anti_nu_mu 0.3 1.0 0 0.5
# Verbosity of hits
#/hits/verbose 2
# Output just the detector geometry
/vis/viewer/flush