PRunAsymmetryRRF.cpp

Go to the documentation of this file.

/***************************************************************************
 
  PRunAsymmetryRRF.cpp
 
  Author: Andreas Suter
  e-mail: andreas.suter@psi.ch
 
***************************************************************************/
 
/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2007-2026 by Andreas Suter                              *
 *   andreas.suter@psi.ch                                                  *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
 *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
 *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
 ***************************************************************************/
 
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
 
#ifdef HAVE_GOMP
#include <omp.h>
#endif
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
#include <TString.h>
 
#include "PMusr.h"
#include "PStringUtils.h"
#include "PRunAsymmetryRRF.h"
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Constructor
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF() : PRunBase()
{
  fNoOfFitBins  = 0;
  fRRFPacking = -1;
  fTheoAsData = false;
 
  // the 2 following variables are need in case fit range is given in bins, and since
  // the fit range can be changed in the command block, these variables need to be accessible
  fGoodBins[0] = -1;
  fGoodBins[1] = -1;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Constructor
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF(PMsrHandler *msrInfo, PRunDataHandler *rawData, UInt_t runNo, EPMusrHandleTag tag, Bool_t theoAsData) :
  PRunBase(msrInfo, rawData, runNo, tag), fTheoAsData(theoAsData)
{
  // the 2 following variables are need in case fit range is given in bins, and since
  // the fit range can be changed in the command block, these variables need to be accessible
  fGoodBins[0] = -1;
  fGoodBins[1] = -1;
 
  fRRFPacking = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal()->GetRRFPacking();
  if (fRRFPacking == -1) { // this should NOT happen, somethin is severely wrong
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF(): **SEVERE ERROR**: Couldn't find any RRF packing information!";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> This is very bad :-(, will quit ...";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
    fValid = false;
    return;
  }
 
  // check if alpha and/or beta is fixed --------------------
 
  PMsrParamList *param = msrInfo->GetMsrParamList();
 
  // check if alpha is given
  if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() == -1) { // no alpha given
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF(): **ERROR** no alpha parameter given! This is needed for an asymmetry fit!";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
    fValid = false;
    return;
  }
  // check if alpha parameter is within proper bounds
  if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() >= MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha seems to be a function
    if ((fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET < 0) ||
        (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET > msrInfo->GetNoOfFuncs())) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF(): **ERROR** alpha parameter is a function with no = " << fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo();
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> This is out of bound, since there are only " << msrInfo->GetNoOfFuncs() << " functions.";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      fValid = false;
      return;
    }
  } else if ((fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < 0) || (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() > static_cast<Int_t>(param->size()))) {
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF(): **ERROR** alpha parameter no = " << fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo();
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> This is out of bound, since there are only " << param->size() << " parameters.";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
    fValid = false;
    return;
  }
  // check if alpha is fixed
  Bool_t alphaFixedToOne = false;
  if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha is a parameter
    if (((*param)[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1].fStep == 0.0) &&
        ((*param)[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1].fValue == 1.0))
      alphaFixedToOne = true;
  }
 
  // check if beta is given
  Bool_t betaFixedToOne = false;
  if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() == -1) { // no beta given hence assuming beta == 1
    betaFixedToOne = true;
  } else if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() >= MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // beta seems to be a function
    if ((fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET < 0) ||
        (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET > msrInfo->GetNoOfFuncs())) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF(): **ERROR** beta parameter is a function with no = " << fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo();
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> This is out of bound, since there are only " << msrInfo->GetNoOfFuncs() << " functions.";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      fValid = false;
      return;
    }
  } else if ((fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() < 0) || (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() > static_cast<Int_t>(param->size()))) { // check if beta parameter is within proper bounds
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PRunAsymmetryRRF(): **ERROR** beta parameter no = " << fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo();
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> This is out of bound, since there are only " << param->size() << " parameters.";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
    fValid = false;
    return;
  } else { // check if beta is fixed
    if (((*param)[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1].fStep == 0.0) &&
        ((*param)[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1].fValue == 1.0))
      betaFixedToOne = true;
  }
 
  // set fAlphaBetaTag
  if (alphaFixedToOne && betaFixedToOne)       // alpha == 1, beta == 1
    fAlphaBetaTag = 1;
  else if (!alphaFixedToOne && betaFixedToOne) // alpha != 1, beta == 1
    fAlphaBetaTag = 2;
  else if (alphaFixedToOne && !betaFixedToOne) // alpha == 1, beta != 1
    fAlphaBetaTag = 3;
  else
    fAlphaBetaTag = 4;
 
  // calculate fData
  if (!PrepareData())
    fValid = false;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Destructor
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRunAsymmetryRRF::~PRunAsymmetryRRF()
{
  fForward.clear();
  fForwardErr.clear();
  fBackward.clear();
  fBackwardErr.clear();
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CalcChiSquare (public)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Double_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::CalcChiSquare(const std::vector<Double_t>& par)
{
  Double_t chisq = 0.0;
  Double_t diff = 0.0;
  Double_t asymFcnValue = 0.0;
  Double_t a, b, f;
 
  // calculate functions
  for (Int_t i=0; i<fMsrInfo->GetNoOfFuncs(); i++) {
    fFuncValues[i] = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(fMsrInfo->GetFuncNo(i), *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
  }
 
  // calculate chi square
  Double_t time(1.0);
  Int_t i;
 
  // determine alpha/beta
  switch (fAlphaBetaTag) {
    case 1: // alpha == 1, beta == 1
      a = 1.0;
      b = 1.0;
      break;
    case 2: // alpha != 1, beta == 1
      if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha is a parameter
        a = par[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // alpha is function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        a = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      b = 1.0;
      break;
    case 3: // alpha == 1, beta != 1
      a = 1.0;
      if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // beta is a parameter
        b = par[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // beta is a function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        b = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      break;
    case 4: // alpha != 1, beta != 1
      if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha is a parameter
        a = par[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // alpha is function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        a = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // beta is a parameter
        b = par[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // beta is a function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        b = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      break;
    default:
      a = 1.0;
      b = 1.0;
      break;
  }
 
  // Calculate the theory function once to ensure one function evaluation for the current set of parameters.
  // This is needed for the LF and user functions where some non-thread-save calculations only need to be calculated once
  // for a given set of parameters---which should be done outside of the parallelized loop.
  // For all other functions it means a tiny and acceptable overhead.
  asymFcnValue = fTheory->Func(time, par, fFuncValues);
 
  #ifdef HAVE_GOMP
  Int_t chunk = (fEndTimeBin - fStartTimeBin)/omp_get_num_procs();
  if (chunk < 10)
    chunk = 10;
  #pragma omp parallel for default(shared) private(i,time,diff,asymFcnValue,f) schedule(dynamic,chunk) reduction(+:chisq)
  #endif
  for (i=fStartTimeBin; i<fEndTimeBin; ++i) {
    time = fData.GetDataTimeStart() + static_cast<Double_t>(i)*fData.GetDataTimeStep();
    f = fTheory->Func(time, par, fFuncValues);
    asymFcnValue = (f*(a*b+1.0)-(a-1.0))/((a+1.0)-f*(a*b-1.0));
    diff = fData.GetValue()->at(i) - asymFcnValue;
    chisq += diff*diff / (fData.GetError()->at(i)*fData.GetError()->at(i));
  }
 
  return chisq;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CalcChiSquareExpected (public)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Double_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::CalcChiSquareExpected(const std::vector<Double_t>& par)
{
  return 0.0;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CalcMaxLikelihood (public)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Double_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::CalcMaxLikelihood(const std::vector<Double_t>& par)
{
  std::cout << std::endl << "PRunAsymmetryRRF::CalcMaxLikelihood(): not implemented yet ..." << std::endl;
 
  return 1.0;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetNoOfFitBins (public)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
UInt_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetNoOfFitBins()
{
  CalcNoOfFitBins();
 
  return fNoOfFitBins;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SetFitRangeBin (public)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
void PRunAsymmetryRRF::SetFitRangeBin(const TString fitRange)
{
  TString str;
  Ssiz_t idx = -1;
  Int_t offset = 0;
 
  std::vector<std::string> tok = PStringUtils::Split(fitRange.Data(), " \t");
 
  if (tok.size() == 3) { // structure FIT_RANGE fgb+n0 lgb-n1
    // handle fgb+n0 entry
    str = tok[1];
    // check if there is an offset present
    idx = str.First("+");
    if (idx != -1) { // offset present
      str.Remove(0, idx+1);
      if (str.IsFloat()) // if str is a valid number, convert is to an integer
        offset = str.Atoi();
    }
    fFitStartTime = (fGoodBins[0] + offset - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution;
 
    // handle lgb-n1 entry
    str = tok[2];
    // check if there is an offset present
    idx = str.First("-");
    if (idx != -1) { // offset present
      str.Remove(0, idx+1);
      if (str.IsFloat()) // if str is a valid number, convert is to an integer
        offset = str.Atoi();
    }
    fFitEndTime = (fGoodBins[1] - offset - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution;
  } else if ((tok.size() > 3) && (tok.size() % 2 == 1)) { // structure FIT_RANGE fgb[+n00] lgb[-n01] [fgb[+n10] lgb[-n11] ... fgb[+nN0] lgb[-nN1]]
    UInt_t pos = 2*(fRunNo+1)-1;
 
    if (pos + 1 >= tok.size()) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunSingleHisto::SetFitRangeBin(): **ERROR** invalid FIT_RANGE command found: '" << fitRange << "'";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> will ignore it. Sorry ..." << std::endl;
    } else {
      // handle fgb+n0 entry
      str = tok[pos];
      // check if there is an offset present
      idx = str.First("+");
      if (idx != -1) { // offset present
        str.Remove(0, idx+1);
        if (str.IsFloat()) // if str is a valid number, convert is to an integer
          offset = str.Atoi();
      }
      fFitStartTime = (fGoodBins[0] + offset - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution;
 
      // handle lgb-n1 entry
      str = tok[pos+1];
      // check if there is an offset present
      idx = str.First("-");
      if (idx != -1) { // offset present
        str.Remove(0, idx+1);
        if (str.IsFloat()) // if str is a valid number, convert is to an integer
          offset = str.Atoi();
      }
      fFitEndTime = (fGoodBins[1] - offset - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution;
    }
  } else { // error
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunSingleHisto::SetFitRangeBin(): **ERROR** invalid FIT_RANGE command found: '" << fitRange << "'";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> will ignore it. Sorry ..." << std::endl;
  }
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CalcNoOfFitBins (public)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
void PRunAsymmetryRRF::CalcNoOfFitBins()
{
  // In order not having to loop over all bins and to stay consistent with the chisq method, calculate the start and end bins explicitly
  fStartTimeBin = static_cast<Int_t>(ceil((fFitStartTime - fData.GetDataTimeStart())/fData.GetDataTimeStep()));
  if (fStartTimeBin < 0)
    fStartTimeBin = 0;
  fEndTimeBin = static_cast<Int_t>(floor((fFitEndTime - fData.GetDataTimeStart())/fData.GetDataTimeStep())) + 1;
  if (fEndTimeBin > static_cast<Int_t>(fData.GetValue()->size()))
    fEndTimeBin = fData.GetValue()->size();
 
  if (fEndTimeBin > fStartTimeBin)
    fNoOfFitBins = fEndTimeBin - fStartTimeBin;
  else
    fNoOfFitBins = 0;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CalcTheory (protected)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
void PRunAsymmetryRRF::CalcTheory()
{
  // feed the parameter vector
  std::vector<Double_t> par;
  PMsrParamList *paramList = fMsrInfo->GetMsrParamList();
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<paramList->size(); i++)
    par.push_back((*paramList)[i].fValue);
 
  // calculate functions
  for (Int_t i=0; i<fMsrInfo->GetNoOfFuncs(); i++) {
    fFuncValues[i] = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(fMsrInfo->GetFuncNo(i), *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
  }
 
  // calculate asymmetry
  Double_t asymFcnValue = 0.0;
  Double_t a, b, f;
  Double_t time;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fData.GetValue()->size(); i++) {
    time = fData.GetDataTimeStart() + static_cast<Double_t>(i)*fData.GetDataTimeStep();
    switch (fAlphaBetaTag) {
      case 1: // alpha == 1, beta == 1
        asymFcnValue = fTheory->Func(time, par, fFuncValues);
        break;
      case 2: // alpha != 1, beta == 1
        if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha is a parameter
          a = par[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1];
        } else { // alpha is function
          // get function number
          UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
          // evaluate function
          a = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
        }
        f = fTheory->Func(time, par, fFuncValues);
        asymFcnValue = (f*(a+1.0)-(a-1.0))/((a+1.0)-f*(a-1.0));
        break;
      case 3: // alpha == 1, beta != 1
        if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // beta is a parameter
          b = par[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1];
        } else { // beta is a function
          // get function number
          UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
          // evaluate function
          b = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
        }
        f = fTheory->Func(time, par, fFuncValues);
        asymFcnValue = f*(b+1.0)/(2.0-f*(b-1.0));
        break;
      case 4: // alpha != 1, beta != 1
        if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha is a parameter
          a = par[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1];
        } else { // alpha is function
          // get function number
          UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
          // evaluate function
          a = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
        }
        if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // beta is a parameter
          b = par[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1];
        } else { // beta is a function
          // get function number
          UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
          // evaluate function
          b = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
        }
        f = fTheory->Func(time, par, fFuncValues);
        asymFcnValue = (f*(a*b+1.0)-(a-1.0))/((a+1.0)-f*(a*b-1.0));
        break;
      default:
        asymFcnValue = 0.0;
        break;
    }
    fData.AppendTheoryValue(asymFcnValue);
  }
 
  // clean up
  par.clear();
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PrepareData (protected)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bool_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData()
{
  if (!fValid)
    return false;
 
  // keep the Global block info
  PMsrGlobalBlock *globalBlock = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal();
 
  // get forward/backward histo from PRunDataHandler object ------------------------
  // get the correct run
  PRawRunData *runData = fRawData->GetRunData(*(fRunInfo->GetRunName()));
  if (!runData) { // run not found
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData(): **ERROR** Couldn't get run " << fRunInfo->GetRunName()->Data() << "!";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
    return false;
  }
 
  // keep the field from the meta-data from the data-file
  fMetaData.fField = runData->GetField();
 
  // keep the energy from the meta-data from the data-file
  fMetaData.fEnergy = runData->GetEnergy();
 
  // keep the temperature(s) from the meta-data from the data-file
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<runData->GetNoOfTemperatures(); i++)
    fMetaData.fTemp.push_back(runData->GetTemperature(i));
 
  // collect histogram numbers
  PUIntVector forwardHistoNo;
  PUIntVector backwardHistoNo;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fRunInfo->GetForwardHistoNoSize(); i++) {
    forwardHistoNo.push_back(fRunInfo->GetForwardHistoNo(i));
 
    if (!runData->IsPresent(forwardHistoNo[i])) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData(): **PANIC ERROR**:";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> forwardHistoNo found = " << forwardHistoNo[i] << ", which is NOT present in the data file!?!?";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> Will quit :-(";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      // clean up
      forwardHistoNo.clear();
      backwardHistoNo.clear();
      return false;
    }
  }
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fRunInfo->GetBackwardHistoNoSize(); i++) {
    backwardHistoNo.push_back(fRunInfo->GetBackwardHistoNo(i));
 
    if (!runData->IsPresent(backwardHistoNo[i])) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData(): **PANIC ERROR**:";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> backwardHistoNo found = " << backwardHistoNo[i] << ", which is NOT present in the data file!?!?";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> Will quit :-(";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      // clean up
      forwardHistoNo.clear();
      backwardHistoNo.clear();
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  // keep the time resolution in (us)
  fTimeResolution = runData->GetTimeResolution()/1.0e3;
  std::cout.precision(10);
  std::cout << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData(): time resolution=" << std::fixed << runData->GetTimeResolution() << "(ns)" << std::endl;
 
  // get all the proper t0's and addt0's for the current RUN block
  if (!GetProperT0(runData, globalBlock, forwardHistoNo, backwardHistoNo)) {
    return false;
  }
 
  // keep the histo of each group at this point (addruns handled below)
  std::vector<PDoubleVector> forward, backward;
  forward.resize(forwardHistoNo.size());   // resize to number of groups
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<forwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    forward[i].resize(runData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[i])->size());
    forward[i]  = *runData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[i]);
  }
  // check if a dead time correction has to be done
  // this will be done automatically in the function itself, which also
  // checks in the global and run section
  DeadTimeCorrection(forward, forwardHistoNo);
 
  backward.resize(backwardHistoNo.size()); // resize to number of groups
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<backwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    backward[i].resize(runData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[i])->size());
    backward[i] = *runData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[i]);
  }
  // check if a dead time correction has to be done
  // this will be done automatically in the function itself, which also
  // checks in the global and run section
  DeadTimeCorrection(forward, forwardHistoNo);
 
  // check if addrun's are present, and if yes add data
  // check if there are runs to be added to the current one
  if (fRunInfo->GetRunNameSize() > 1) { // runs to be added present
    PRawRunData *addRunData;
    std::vector<PDoubleVector> addForward, addBackward;
    for (UInt_t i=1; i<fRunInfo->GetRunNameSize(); i++) {
      // get run to be added to the main one
      addRunData = fRawData->GetRunData(*(fRunInfo->GetRunName(i)));
      if (addRunData == nullptr) { // couldn't get run
        std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData(): **ERROR** Couldn't get addrun " << fRunInfo->GetRunName(i)->Data() << "!";
        std::cerr << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
 
      // dead time correction handling
      addForward.clear();
      addForward.resize(forwardHistoNo.size());
      for (UInt_t j=0; j<forwardHistoNo.size(); j++) {
        addForward[j].resize(addRunData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[j])->size());
        addForward[j] = *addRunData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[j]);
      }
      DeadTimeCorrection(addForward, forwardHistoNo);
      addBackward.clear();
      addBackward.resize(backwardHistoNo.size());
      for (UInt_t j=0; j<backwardHistoNo.size(); j++) {
        addBackward[j].resize(addRunData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[j])->size());
        addBackward[j] = *addRunData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[j]);
      }
      DeadTimeCorrection(addBackward, backwardHistoNo);
 
      // add forward run
      UInt_t addRunSize;      
      for (UInt_t k=0; k<forwardHistoNo.size(); k++) { // fill each group
        addRunSize = addRunData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[k])->size();
        for (UInt_t j=0; j<addRunData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[k])->size(); j++) { // loop over the bin indices
          // make sure that the index stays in the proper range
          if (((Int_t)j+(Int_t)fAddT0s[i-1][2*k]-(Int_t)fT0s[2*k] >= 0) && (j+(Int_t)fAddT0s[i-1][2*k]-(Int_t)fT0s[2*k] < addRunSize)) {
            forward[k][j] += addForward[k][j+(Int_t)fAddT0s[i-1][2*k]-(Int_t)fT0s[2*k]];
          }
        }
      }
 
      // add backward run
      for (UInt_t k=0; k<backwardHistoNo.size(); k++) { // fill each group
        addRunSize = addRunData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[k])->size();
        for (UInt_t j=0; j<addRunData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[k])->size(); j++) { // loop over the bin indices
          // make sure that the index stays in the proper range
          if (((Int_t)j+(Int_t)fAddT0s[i-1][2*k+1]-(Int_t)fT0s[2*k+1] >= 0) && (j+(Int_t)fAddT0s[i-1][2*k+1]-(Int_t)fT0s[2*k+1] < addRunSize)) {
            backward[k][j] += addBackward[k][j+(Int_t)fAddT0s[i-1][2*k+1]-(Int_t)fT0s[2*k+1]];
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  // set forward/backward histo data of the first group
  fForward.resize(forward[0].size());
  fBackward.resize(backward[0].size());
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fForward.size(); i++) {
    fForward[i]  = forward[0][i];
    fBackward[i] = backward[0][i];
  }
 
  // group histograms, add all the remaining forward histograms of the group
  for (UInt_t i=1; i<forwardHistoNo.size(); i++) { // loop over the groupings
    for (UInt_t j=0; j<runData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[i])->size(); j++) { // loop over the bin indices
      // make sure that the index stays within proper range
      if (((Int_t)j+fT0s[2*i]-fT0s[0] >= 0) && (j+fT0s[2*i]-fT0s[0] < runData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[i])->size())) {
        fForward[j] += forward[i][j+(Int_t)fT0s[2*i]-(Int_t)fT0s[0]];
      }
    }
  }
 
  // group histograms, add all the remaining backward histograms of the group
  for (UInt_t i=1; i<backwardHistoNo.size(); i++) { // loop over the groupings
    for (UInt_t j=0; j<runData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[i])->size(); j++) { // loop over the bin indices
      // make sure that the index stays within proper range
      if ((j+fT0s[2*i+1]-fT0s[1] >= 0) && (j+fT0s[2*i+1]-fT0s[1] < runData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[i])->size())) {
        fBackward[j] += backward[i][j+(Int_t)fT0s[2*i+1]-(Int_t)fT0s[1]];
      }
    }
  }
 
  // subtract background from histogramms ------------------------------------------
  if (fRunInfo->GetBkgFix(0) == PMUSR_UNDEFINED) { // no fixed background given
    if (fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(0) >= 0) { // background range given
      if (!SubtractEstimatedBkg())
        return false;
    } else { // no background given to do the job, try to estimate it
      fRunInfo->SetBkgRange(static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[0]*0.1), 0);
      fRunInfo->SetBkgRange(static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[0]*0.6), 1);
      fRunInfo->SetBkgRange(static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1]*0.1), 2);
      fRunInfo->SetBkgRange(static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1]*0.6), 3);
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData(): **WARNING** Neither fix background nor background bins are given!";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> Will try the following:";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> forward:  bkg start = " << fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(0) << ", bkg end = " << fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(1);
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> backward: bkg start = " << fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(2) << ", bkg end = " << fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(3);
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS MAKES ANY SENSE! Better check ...";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      if (!SubtractEstimatedBkg())
        return false;
    }
  } else { // fixed background given
    if (!SubtractFixBkg())
      return false;
  }
 
  UInt_t histoNo[2] = {forwardHistoNo[0], backwardHistoNo[0]};
 
  // get the data range (fgb/lgb) for the current RUN block
  if (!GetProperDataRange(runData, histoNo)) {
    return false;
  }
 
  // get the fit range for the current RUN block
  GetProperFitRange(globalBlock);
 
  // everything looks fine, hence fill data set
  Bool_t status;
  switch(fHandleTag) {
    case kFit:
      status = PrepareFitData();
      break;
    case kView:
      status = PrepareViewData(runData, histoNo);
      break;
    default:
      status = false;
      break;
  }
 
  // clean up
  forwardHistoNo.clear();
  backwardHistoNo.clear();
 
  return status;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SubtractFixBkg (private)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bool_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::SubtractFixBkg()
{
  Double_t dval;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fForward.size(); i++) {
    // keep the error, and make sure that the bin is NOT empty
    if (fForward[i] != 0.0)
      dval = TMath::Sqrt(fForward[i]);
    else
      dval = 1.0;
    fForwardErr.push_back(dval);
    fForward[i] -= fRunInfo->GetBkgFix(0);
 
    // keep the error, and make sure that the bin is NOT empty
    if (fBackward[i] != 0.0)
      dval = TMath::Sqrt(fBackward[i]);
    else
      dval = 1.0;
    fBackwardErr.push_back(dval);
    fBackward[i] -= fRunInfo->GetBkgFix(1);
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SubtractEstimatedBkg (private)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bool_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::SubtractEstimatedBkg()
{
  Double_t beamPeriod = 0.0;
 
  // check if data are from PSI, RAL, or TRIUMF
  if (fRunInfo->GetInstitute()->Contains("psi"))
    beamPeriod = ACCEL_PERIOD_PSI;
  else if (fRunInfo->GetInstitute()->Contains("ral"))
    beamPeriod = ACCEL_PERIOD_RAL;
  else if (fRunInfo->GetInstitute()->Contains("triumf"))
    beamPeriod = ACCEL_PERIOD_TRIUMF;
  else
    beamPeriod = 0.0;
 
  // check if start and end are in proper order
  UInt_t start[2] = {static_cast<UInt_t>(fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(0)), static_cast<UInt_t>(fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(2))};
  UInt_t end[2]   = {static_cast<UInt_t>(fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(1)), static_cast<UInt_t>(fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(3))};
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<2; i++) {
    if (end[i] < start[i]) {
      std::cout << std::endl << "PRunAsymmetryRRF::SubtractEstimatedBkg(): end = " << end[i] << " > start = " << start[i] << "! Will swap them!";
      UInt_t keep = end[i];
      end[i] = start[i];
      start[i] = keep;
    }
  }
 
  // calculate proper background range
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<2; i++) {
    if (beamPeriod != 0.0) {
      Double_t timeBkg = static_cast<Double_t>(end[i]-start[i])*fTimeResolution; // length of the background intervall in time
      UInt_t fullCycles = static_cast<UInt_t>(timeBkg/beamPeriod); // how many proton beam cylces can be placed within the proposed background intervall
      // correct the end of the background intervall such that the background is as close as possible to a multiple of the proton cylce
      end[i] = start[i] + static_cast<UInt_t>((fullCycles*beamPeriod)/fTimeResolution);
      std::cout << "PRunAsymmetryRRF::SubtractEstimatedBkg(): Background " << start[i] << ", " << end[i] << std::endl;
      if (end[i] == start[i])
        end[i] = fRunInfo->GetBkgRange(2*i+1);
    }
  }
 
  // check if start is within histogram bounds
  if ((start[0] >= fForward.size()) || (start[1] >= fBackward.size())) {
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::SubtractEstimatedBkg(): **ERROR** background bin values out of bound!";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> histo lengths (f/b)  = (" << fForward.size() << "/" << fBackward.size() << ").";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> background start (f/b) = (" << start[0] << "/" << start[1] << ").";
    return false;
  }
 
  // check if end is within histogram bounds
  if ((end[0] >= fForward.size()) || (end[1] >= fBackward.size())) {
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::SubtractEstimatedBkg(): **ERROR** background bin values out of bound!";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> histo lengths (f/b)  = (" << fForward.size() << "/" << fBackward.size() << ").";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> background end (f/b) = (" << end[0] << "/" << end[1] << ").";
    return false;
  }
 
  // calculate background
  Double_t bkg[2]    = {0.0, 0.0};
  Double_t errBkg[2] = {0.0, 0.0};
 
  // forward
  for (UInt_t i=start[0]; i<=end[0]; i++)
    bkg[0] += fForward[i];
  errBkg[0] = TMath::Sqrt(bkg[0])/(end[0] - start[0] + 1);
  bkg[0] /= static_cast<Double_t>(end[0] - start[0] + 1);
  std::cout << std::endl << ">> estimated forward histo background: " << bkg[0];
 
  // backward
  for (UInt_t i=start[1]; i<=end[1]; i++)
    bkg[1] += fBackward[i];
  errBkg[1] = TMath::Sqrt(bkg[1])/(end[1] - start[1] + 1);
  bkg[1] /= static_cast<Double_t>(end[1] - start[1] + 1);
  std::cout << std::endl << ">> estimated backward histo background: " << bkg[1] << std::endl;
 
  // correct error for forward, backward
  Double_t errVal = 0.0;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fForward.size(); i++) {
    if (fForward[i] > 0.0)
      errVal = TMath::Sqrt(fForward[i]+errBkg[0]*errBkg[0]);
    else
      errVal = 1.0;
    fForwardErr.push_back(errVal);
    if (fBackward[i] > 0.0)
      errVal = TMath::Sqrt(fBackward[i]+errBkg[1]*errBkg[1]);
    else
      errVal = 1.0;
    fBackwardErr.push_back(errVal);
  }
 
  // subtract background from data
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fForward.size(); i++) {
    fForward[i]  -= bkg[0];
    fBackward[i] -= bkg[1];
  }
 
  fRunInfo->SetBkgEstimated(bkg[0], 0);
  fRunInfo->SetBkgEstimated(bkg[1], 1);
 
  return true;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PrepareFitData (protected)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bool_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareFitData()
{
  // transform raw histo data. At this point, the raw data are already background corrected.
 
  // 1st: form the asymmetry of the original data
 
  // forward and backward detectors might have different fgb-t0 offset. Take the maximum of both.
  Int_t fgbOffset = fGoodBins[0]-static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[0]);
  if (fgbOffset < fGoodBins[2]-static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1]))
    fgbOffset = fGoodBins[2]-static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1]);
  // last good bin (lgb) is the minimum of forward/backward lgb
  Int_t lgb_offset = fGoodBins[1]-static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[0])+fgbOffset;
  if (lgb_offset < fGoodBins[3]-static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1])+fgbOffset)
    lgb_offset = fGoodBins[3]-static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1])+fgbOffset;
 
  Int_t fgb = static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[0])+fgbOffset;
  if (fgb < 0)
    fgb=0;
  Int_t lgb = fgb + lgb_offset;
  if (lgb > fForward.size())
    lgb = fForward.size();
  if (lgb > fBackward.size())
    lgb = fBackward.size();
  Int_t dt0 = static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[0])-static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1]);
 
  PDoubleVector asym;
  PDoubleVector asymErr;
  Double_t asymVal, asymValErr;
  Double_t ff, bb, eff, ebb;
  Int_t idx=0;
  for (Int_t i=fgb; i<lgb; i++) {
    ff = fForward[i];
    idx = i-dt0;
    if (idx < 0)
      idx = 0;
    if (idx >= fBackward.size())
      idx = fBackward.size()-1;
    bb = fBackward[idx];
    if (ff+bb != 0.0)
      asymVal = (ff-bb)/(ff+bb);
    else
      asymVal = 0.0;
    asym.push_back(asymVal);
    eff = fForwardErr[i];
    ebb = fBackwardErr[i-dt0];
    if ((asymVal != 0.0) && (ff+bb) > 0.0)
      asymValErr = 2.0/pow((ff+bb),2.0)*sqrt(bb*bb*eff*eff+ff*ff*ebb*ebb);
    else
      asymValErr = 1.0;
    asymErr.push_back(asymValErr);
  }
 
  // 2nd: a_rrf = a * 2*cos(w_rrf*t + phi_rrf)
  PMsrGlobalBlock *globalBlock = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal();
  Double_t wRRF = globalBlock->GetRRFFreq("Mc");
  Double_t phaseRRF = globalBlock->GetRRFPhase()*TMath::TwoPi()/180.0;
 
  Double_t startTime = fTimeResolution * static_cast<Double_t>(fgbOffset);
  Double_t time=0.0;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asym.size(); i++) {
    time = startTime + i*fTimeResolution;
    asym[i] *= 2.0*cos(wRRF*time+phaseRRF);
  }
 
  // 3rd: rrf packing
  PDoubleVector asymRRF;
  asymVal = 0.0;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asym.size(); i++) {
    if ((i+1) % fRRFPacking == 0) {
      asymRRF.push_back(asymVal/fRRFPacking);
      asymVal = 0.0;
    }
    asymVal += asym[i];
  }
 
  // 4th: rrf packing error
  PDoubleVector asymRRFErr;
  asymValErr = 0.0;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asymErr.size(); i++) {
    if ((i+1) % fRRFPacking == 0) {
      asymRRFErr.push_back(sqrt(2.0*asymValErr)/fRRFPacking); // factor of two is needed due to the rescaling
      asymValErr = 0.0;
    }
    asymValErr += asymErr[i]*asymErr[i];
  }
 
  fData.SetDataTimeStart(startTime+fTimeResolution*(static_cast<Double_t>(fRRFPacking-1)/2.0));
  fData.SetDataTimeStep(fTimeResolution*static_cast<Double_t>(fRRFPacking));
 
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asymRRF.size(); i++) {
    fData.AppendValue(asymRRF[i]);
    fData.AppendErrorValue(asymRRFErr[i]);
  }
 
  CalcNoOfFitBins();
 
  // clean up
  fForward.clear();
  fForwardErr.clear();
  fBackward.clear();
  fBackwardErr.clear();
  asym.clear();
  asymErr.clear();
  asymRRF.clear();
  asymRRFErr.clear();
 
  return true;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PrepareViewData (protected)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bool_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareViewData(PRawRunData* runData, UInt_t histoNo[2])
{
  // feed the parameter vector
  std::vector<Double_t> par;
  PMsrParamList *paramList = fMsrInfo->GetMsrParamList();
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<paramList->size(); i++)
    par.push_back((*paramList)[i].fValue);
 
  // first get start data, end data, and t0
  Int_t start[2] = {fGoodBins[0], fGoodBins[2]};
  Int_t end[2] = {fGoodBins[1], fGoodBins[3]};
  Int_t t0[2] = {static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[0]), static_cast<Int_t>(fT0s[1])};
 
  // check if the data ranges and t0's between forward/backward are compatible
  Int_t fgb[2];
  if (start[0]-t0[0] != start[1]-t0[1]) { // wrong fgb aligning
    if (abs(start[0]-t0[0]) > abs(start[1]-t0[1])) {
      fgb[0] = start[0];
      fgb[1] = t0[1] + start[0]-t0[0];
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareViewData(): **WARNING** needed to shift backward fgb from ";
      std::cerr << start[1] << " to " << fgb[1] << std::endl;
    } else {
      fgb[0] = t0[0] + start[1]-t0[1];
      fgb[1] = start[1];
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareViewData(): **WARNING** needed to shift forward fgb from ";
      std::cerr << start[0] << " to " << fgb[0] << std::endl;
    }
  } else { // fgb aligning is correct
    fgb[0] = start[0];
    fgb[1] = start[1];
  }
  start[0] = fgb[0];
  start[1] = fgb[1];
 
  // make sure that there are equal number of bins in forward and backward
  UInt_t noOfBins0 = runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[0])->size()-start[0];
  UInt_t noOfBins1 = runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[1])->size()-start[1];
  if (noOfBins0 > noOfBins1)
    noOfBins0 = noOfBins1;
  end[0] = start[0] + noOfBins0;
  end[1] = start[1] + noOfBins0;
 
  // check if start, end, and t0 make any sense
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<2; i++) {
    // 1st check if start is within proper bounds
    if ((start[i] < 0) || (start[i] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size()))) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareViewData(): **ERROR** start data bin doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
    // 2nd check if end is within proper bounds
    if ((end[i] < 0) || (end[i] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size()))) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareViewData(): **ERROR** end data bin doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
    // 3rd check if t0 is within proper bounds
    if ((t0[i] < 0) || (t0[i] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size()))) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareViewData(): **ERROR** t0 data bin doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  // check if forward and backward histo have the same size, otherwise take the minimum size
  UInt_t noOfBins = fForward.size();
  if (noOfBins > fBackward.size()) {
    noOfBins = fBackward.size();
  }
 
  // form asymmetry including error propagation
  Double_t asym, error;
  Double_t f, b, ef, eb, alpha = 1.0, beta = 1.0;
 
  // get the proper alpha and beta
  switch (fAlphaBetaTag) {
    case 1: // alpha == 1, beta == 1
      alpha = 1.0;
      beta  = 1.0;
      break;
    case 2: // alpha != 1, beta == 1
      if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha is a parameter
        alpha = par[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // alpha is function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        alpha = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      beta  = 1.0;
      break;
    case 3: // alpha == 1, beta != 1
      alpha = 1.0;
      if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // beta is a parameter
        beta = par[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // beta is a function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        beta = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      break;
    case 4: // alpha != 1, beta != 1
      if (fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // alpha is a parameter
        alpha = par[fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // alpha is function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetAlphaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        alpha = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      if (fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo() < MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET) { // beta is a parameter
        beta = par[fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-1];
      } else { // beta is a function
        // get function number
        UInt_t funNo = fRunInfo->GetBetaParamNo()-MSR_PARAM_FUN_OFFSET;
        // evaluate function
        beta = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(funNo, *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
      }
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
 
  PDoubleVector asymVec, asymErr;
  Int_t dtBin = start[1]-start[0];
  for (Int_t i=start[0]; i<end[0]; i++) {
    // to make the formulae more readable
    f  = fForward[i];
    b  = fBackward[i+dtBin];
    ef = fForwardErr[i];
    eb = fBackwardErr[i+dtBin];
    // check that there are indeed bins
    if (f+b != 0.0)
      asym = (alpha*f-b) / (alpha*beta*f+b);
    else
      asym = 0.0;
    asymVec.push_back(asym);
    // calculate the error
    if (f+b != 0.0)
      error = 2.0/((f+b)*(f+b))*TMath::Sqrt(b*b*ef*ef+eb*eb*f*f);
    else
      error = 1.0;
    asymErr.push_back(error);
  }
 
  // RRF transform
  // a_rrf = a * 2*cos(w_rrf*t + phi_rrf)
  PMsrGlobalBlock *globalBlock = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal();
  Double_t wRRF = globalBlock->GetRRFFreq("Mc");
  Double_t phaseRRF = globalBlock->GetRRFPhase()*TMath::TwoPi()/180.0;
  Double_t startTime=fTimeResolution*(static_cast<Double_t>(start[0])-t0[0]);
  Double_t time = 0.0;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asymVec.size(); i++) {
    time = startTime + i * fTimeResolution;
    asymVec[i] *= 2.0*cos(wRRF*time+phaseRRF); // factor of 2 needed to keep the asymmetry
  }
 
  Double_t dval = 0.0;
  PDoubleVector asymRRF;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asymVec.size(); i++) {
    if ((i+1) % fRRFPacking == 0) {
      asymRRF.push_back(dval/fRRFPacking);
      dval = 0.0;
    }
    dval += asymVec[i];
  }
 
  // RRF packing error
  PDoubleVector asymRRFErr;
  dval = 0.0;
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asymErr.size(); i++) {
    if ((i+1) % fRRFPacking == 0) {
      asymRRFErr.push_back(sqrt(2.0*dval)/fRRFPacking); // factor of two is needed due to the rescaling
      dval = 0.0;
    }
    dval += asymErr[i]*asymErr[i];
  }
 
  fData.SetDataTimeStart(startTime+fTimeResolution*(static_cast<Double_t>(fRRFPacking-1)/2.0));
  fData.SetDataTimeStep(fTimeResolution*static_cast<Double_t>(fRRFPacking));
 
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<asymRRF.size(); i++) {
    fData.AppendValue(asymRRF[i]);
    fData.AppendErrorValue(asymRRFErr[i]);
  }
 
  CalcNoOfFitBins();
 
  // clean up
  fForward.clear();
  fForwardErr.clear();
  fBackward.clear();
  fBackwardErr.clear();
  asymVec.clear();
  asymErr.clear();
  asymRRF.clear();
  asymRRFErr.clear();
 
  // fill theory vector for kView
  // calculate functions
  for (Int_t i=0; i<fMsrInfo->GetNoOfFuncs(); i++) {
    fFuncValues[i] = fMsrInfo->EvalFunc(fMsrInfo->GetFuncNo(i), *fRunInfo->GetMap(), par, fMetaData);
  }
 
  // calculate theory
  UInt_t size = runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[0])->size();
  Int_t factor = 8; // 8 times more points for the theory (if fTheoAsData == false)
  fData.SetTheoryTimeStart(fData.GetDataTimeStart());
  if (fTheoAsData) { // calculate theory only at the data points
    fData.SetTheoryTimeStep(fData.GetDataTimeStep());
  } else {
    // finer binning for the theory (8 times as many points = factor)
    size *= factor;
    fData.SetTheoryTimeStep(fData.GetDataTimeStep()/(Double_t)factor);
  }
 
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<size; i++) {
    time = fData.GetTheoryTimeStart() + static_cast<Double_t>(i)*fData.GetTheoryTimeStep();
    dval = fTheory->Func(time, par, fFuncValues);
    if (fabs(dval) > 10.0) {  // dirty hack needs to be fixed!!
      dval = 0.0;
    }
    fData.AppendTheoryValue(dval);
  }
 
  // clean up
  par.clear();
 
  return true;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetProperT0 (private)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bool_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperT0(PRawRunData* runData, PMsrGlobalBlock *globalBlock, PUIntVector &forwardHistoNo, PUIntVector &backwardHistoNo)
{
  // feed all T0's
  // first init T0's, T0's are stored as (forward T0, backward T0, etc.)
  fT0s.clear();
  // this strange fT0 size estimate is needed in case #forw histos != #back histos
  size_t size = 2*forwardHistoNo.size();
  if (backwardHistoNo.size() > forwardHistoNo.size())
    size = 2*backwardHistoNo.size();
  fT0s.resize(size);
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fT0s.size(); i++) {
    fT0s[i] = -1.0;
  }
 
  // fill in the T0's from the msr-file (if present)
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<fRunInfo->GetT0BinSize(); i++) {
    fT0s[i] = fRunInfo->GetT0Bin(i);
  }
 
  // fill in the missing T0's from the GLOBAL block section (if present)
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<globalBlock->GetT0BinSize(); i++) {
    if (fT0s[i] == -1.0) { // i.e. not given in the RUN block section
      fT0s[i] = globalBlock->GetT0Bin(i);
    }
  }
 
  // fill in the missing T0's from the data file, if not already present in the msr-file
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<forwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    if (fT0s[2*i] == -1.0) // i.e. not present in the msr-file, try the data file
      if (runData->GetT0Bin(forwardHistoNo[i]) > 0.0) {
        fT0s[2*i] = runData->GetT0Bin(forwardHistoNo[i]);
        fRunInfo->SetT0Bin(fT0s[2*i], 2*i);
      }
  }
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<backwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    if (fT0s[2*i+1] == -1.0) // i.e. not present in the msr-file, try the data file
      if (runData->GetT0Bin(backwardHistoNo[i]) > 0.0) {
        fT0s[2*i+1] = runData->GetT0Bin(backwardHistoNo[i]);
        fRunInfo->SetT0Bin(fT0s[2*i+1], 2*i+1);
      }
  }
 
  // fill in the T0's gaps, i.e. in case the T0's are NEITHER in the msr-file and NOR in the data file
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<forwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    if (fT0s[2*i] == -1.0) { // i.e. not present in the msr-file and data file, use the estimated T0
      fT0s[2*i] = runData->GetT0BinEstimated(forwardHistoNo[i]);
      fRunInfo->SetT0Bin(fT0s[2*i], 2*i);
 
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperT0(): **WARRNING** NO t0's found, neither in the run data nor in the msr-file!";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> run: " << fRunInfo->GetRunName()->Data();
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> will try the estimated one: forward t0 = " << runData->GetT0BinEstimated(forwardHistoNo[i]);
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS OK!! For instance for LEM this is almost for sure rubbish!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
    }
  }
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<backwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    if (fT0s[2*i+1] == -1.0) { // i.e. not present in the msr-file and data file, use the estimated T0
      fT0s[2*i+1] = runData->GetT0BinEstimated(backwardHistoNo[i]);
      fRunInfo->SetT0Bin(fT0s[2*i+1], 2*i+1);
 
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperT0(): **WARRNING** NO t0's found, neither in the run data nor in the msr-file!";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> run: " << fRunInfo->GetRunName()->Data();
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> will try the estimated one: backward t0 = " << runData->GetT0BinEstimated(backwardHistoNo[i]);
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS OK!! For instance for LEM this is almost for sure rubbish!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
    }
  }
 
  // check if t0 is within proper bounds
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<forwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    if ((fT0s[2*i] < 0) || (fT0s[2*i] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(forwardHistoNo[i])->size()))) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperT0(): **ERROR** t0 data bin (" << fT0s[2*i] << ") doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> forwardHistoNo " << forwardHistoNo[i];
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
  }
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<backwardHistoNo.size(); i++) {
    if ((fT0s[2*i+1] < 0) || (fT0s[2*i+1] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(backwardHistoNo[i])->size()))) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::PrepareData(): **ERROR** t0 data bin (" << fT0s[2*i+1] << ") doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> backwardHistoNo " << backwardHistoNo[i];
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  // check if addrun's are present, and if yes add the necessary t0's
  if (fRunInfo->GetRunNameSize() > 1) { // runs to be added present
    PRawRunData *addRunData;
    fAddT0s.resize(fRunInfo->GetRunNameSize()-1); // resize to the number of addruns
    for (UInt_t i=1; i<fRunInfo->GetRunNameSize(); i++) {
      // get run to be added to the main one
      addRunData = fRawData->GetRunData(*(fRunInfo->GetRunName(i)));
      if (addRunData == nullptr) { // couldn't get run
        std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperT0(): **ERROR** Couldn't get addrun " << fRunInfo->GetRunName(i)->Data() << "!";
        std::cerr << std::endl;
        return false;
      }
 
      // feed all T0's
      // first init T0's, T0's are stored as (forward T0, backward T0, etc.)
      fAddT0s[i-1].clear();
      fAddT0s[i-1].resize(2*forwardHistoNo.size());
      for (UInt_t j=0; j<fAddT0s[i-1].size(); j++) {
        fAddT0s[i-1][j] = -1.0;
      }
 
      // fill in the T0's from the msr-file (if present)
      for (Int_t j=0; j<fRunInfo->GetAddT0BinSize(i-1); j++) {
        fAddT0s[i-1][j] = fRunInfo->GetAddT0Bin(i-1, j);
      }
 
      // fill in the T0's from the data file, if not already present in the msr-file
      for (UInt_t j=0; j<forwardHistoNo.size(); j++) {
        if (fAddT0s[i-1][2*j] == -1.0) // i.e. not present in the msr-file, try the data file
          if (addRunData->GetT0Bin(forwardHistoNo[j]) > 0.0) {
            fAddT0s[i-1][2*j] = addRunData->GetT0Bin(forwardHistoNo[j]);
            fRunInfo->SetAddT0Bin(fAddT0s[i-1][2*j], i-1, 2*j);
          }
      }
      for (UInt_t j=0; j<backwardHistoNo.size(); j++) {
        if (fAddT0s[i-1][2*j+1] == -1.0) // i.e. not present in the msr-file, try the data file
          if (addRunData->GetT0Bin(backwardHistoNo[j]) > 0.0) {
            fAddT0s[i-1][2*j+1] = addRunData->GetT0Bin(backwardHistoNo[j]);
            fRunInfo->SetAddT0Bin(fAddT0s[i-1][2*j+1], i-1, 2*j+1);
          }
      }
 
      // fill in the T0's gaps, i.e. in case the T0's are NOT in the msr-file and NOT in the data file
      for (UInt_t j=0; j<forwardHistoNo.size(); j++) {
        if (fAddT0s[i-1][2*j] == -1.0) { // i.e. not present in the msr-file and data file, use the estimated T0
          fAddT0s[i-1][2*j] = addRunData->GetT0BinEstimated(forwardHistoNo[j]);
          fRunInfo->SetAddT0Bin(fAddT0s[i-1][2*j], i-1, 2*j);
 
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperT0(): **WARRNING** NO t0's found, neither in the run data nor in the msr-file!";
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> run: " << fRunInfo->GetRunName(i)->Data();
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> will try the estimated one: forward t0 = " << addRunData->GetT0BinEstimated(forwardHistoNo[j]);
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS OK!! For instance for LEM this is almost for sure rubbish!";
          std::cerr << std::endl;
        }
      }
      for (UInt_t j=0; j<backwardHistoNo.size(); j++) {
        if (fAddT0s[i-1][2*j+1] == -1.0) { // i.e. not present in the msr-file and data file, use the estimated T0
          fAddT0s[i-1][2*j+1] = addRunData->GetT0BinEstimated(backwardHistoNo[j]);
          fRunInfo->SetAddT0Bin(fAddT0s[i-1][2*j+1], i-1, 2*j+1);
 
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperT0(): **WARRNING** NO t0's found, neither in the run data nor in the msr-file!";
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> run: " << fRunInfo->GetRunName(i)->Data();
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> will try the estimated one: backward t0 = " << runData->GetT0BinEstimated(backwardHistoNo[j]);
          std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS OK!! For instance for LEM this is almost for sure rubbish!";
          std::cerr << std::endl;
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetProperDataRange (private)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bool_t PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(PRawRunData* runData, UInt_t histoNo[2])
{
  // first get start/end data
  Int_t start[2] = {fRunInfo->GetDataRange(0), fRunInfo->GetDataRange(2)};
  Int_t end[2]   = {fRunInfo->GetDataRange(1), fRunInfo->GetDataRange(3)};
  // check if data range has been provided in the RUN block. If not, try the GLOBAL block
  if (start[0] == -1) {
    start[0] = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal()->GetDataRange(0);
  }
  if (start[1] == -1) {
    start[1] = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal()->GetDataRange(2);
  }
  if (end[0] == -1) {
    end[0] = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal()->GetDataRange(1);
  }
  if (end[1] == -1) {
    end[1] = fMsrInfo->GetMsrGlobal()->GetDataRange(3);
  }
 
  Double_t t0[2] = {fT0s[0], fT0s[1]};
  Int_t offset = static_cast<Int_t>(10.0e-3/fTimeResolution); // needed in case first good bin is not given, default = 10ns
 
  // check if data range has been provided, and if not try to estimate them
  if (start[0] < 0) {
    start[0] = static_cast<Int_t>(t0[0])+offset;
    fRunInfo->SetDataRange(start[0], 0);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **WARNING** data range (forward) was not provided, will try data range start = t0+" << offset << "(=10ns) = " << start[0] << ".";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS DOES MAKE ANY SENSE.";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
  }
  if (start[1] < 0) {
    start[1] = static_cast<Int_t>(t0[1])+offset;
    fRunInfo->SetDataRange(start[1], 2);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **WARNING** data range (backward) was not provided, will try data range start = t0+" << offset << "(=10ns) = " << start[1] << ".";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS DOES MAKE ANY SENSE.";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
  }
  if (end[0] < 0) {
    end[0] = runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[0])->size();
    fRunInfo->SetDataRange(end[0], 1);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **WARNING** data range (forward) was not provided, will try data range end = " << end[0] << ".";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS DOES MAKE ANY SENSE.";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
  }
  if (end[1] < 0) {
    end[1] = runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[1])->size();
    fRunInfo->SetDataRange(end[1], 3);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **WARNING** data range (backward) was not provided, will try data range end = " << end[1] << ".";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> NO WARRANTY THAT THIS DOES MAKE ANY SENSE.";
    std::cerr << std::endl;
  }
 
  // check if start, end, and t0 make any sense
  // 1st check if start and end are in proper order
  for (UInt_t i=0; i<2; i++) {
    if (end[i] < start[i]) { // need to swap them
      Int_t keep = end[i];
      end[i] = start[i];
      start[i] = keep;
    }
    // 2nd check if start is within proper bounds
    if ((start[i] < 0) || (start[i] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size()))) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **ERROR** start data bin doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
    // 3rd check if end is within proper bounds
    if (end[i] < 0) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **ERROR** end data bin (" << end[i] << ") doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
    if (end[i] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size())) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **WARNING** end data bin (" << end[i] << ") > histo length (" << (Int_t)runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size() << ").";
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">>    Will set end = (histo length - 1). Consider to change it in the msr-file." << std::endl;
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      end[i] = static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size())-1;
    }
    // 4th check if t0 is within proper bounds
    if ((t0[i] < 0) || (t0[i] > static_cast<Int_t>(runData->GetDataBin(histoNo[i])->size()))) {
      std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange(): **ERROR** t0 data bin doesn't make any sense!";
      std::cerr << std::endl;
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  // check that start-t0 is the same for forward as for backward, otherwise take max(start[i]-t0[i])
  if (fabs(static_cast<Double_t>(start[0])-t0[0]) > fabs(static_cast<Double_t>(start[1])-t0[1])){
    start[1] = static_cast<Int_t>(t0[1] + static_cast<Double_t>(start[0]) - t0[0]);
    end[1] = static_cast<Int_t>(t0[1] + static_cast<Double_t>(end[0]) - t0[0]);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange **WARNING** needed to shift backward data range.";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> given: " << fRunInfo->GetDataRange(2) << ", " << fRunInfo->GetDataRange(3);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> used : " << start[1] << ", " << end[1];
    std::cerr << std::endl;
  }
  if (fabs(static_cast<Double_t>(start[0])-t0[0]) < fabs(static_cast<Double_t>(start[1])-t0[1])){
    start[0] = static_cast<Int_t>(t0[0] + static_cast<Double_t>(start[1]) - t0[1]);
    end[0] = static_cast<Int_t>(t0[0] + static_cast<Double_t>(end[1]) - t0[1]);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperDataRange **WARNING** needed to shift forward data range.";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> given: " << fRunInfo->GetDataRange(0) << ", " << fRunInfo->GetDataRange(1);
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> used : " << start[0] << ", " << end[0];
    std::cerr << std::endl;
  }
 
  // keep good bins for potential latter use
  fGoodBins[0] = start[0];
  fGoodBins[1] = end[0];
  fGoodBins[2] = start[1];
  fGoodBins[3] = end[1];
 
  // make sure that fGoodBins are in proper range for fForward and fBackward
  if (fGoodBins[0] < 0)
    fGoodBins[0]=0;
  if (fGoodBins[1] > fForward.size()) {
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetry::GetProperDataRange **WARNING** needed to shift forward lgb,";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> from " << fGoodBins[1] << " to " << fForward.size()-1 << std::endl;
    fGoodBins[1]=fForward.size()-1;
  }
  if (fGoodBins[2] < 0)
    fGoodBins[2]=0;
  if (fGoodBins[3] > fBackward.size()) {
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> PRunAsymmetry::GetProperDataRange **WARNING** needed to shift backward lgb,";
    std::cerr << std::endl << ">> from " << fGoodBins[1] << " to " << fForward.size()-1 << std::endl;
    fGoodBins[3]=fBackward.size()-1;
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetProperFitRange (private)
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
void PRunAsymmetryRRF::GetProperFitRange(PMsrGlobalBlock *globalBlock)
{
  // set fit start/end time; first check RUN Block
  fFitStartTime = fRunInfo->GetFitRange(0);
  fFitEndTime   = fRunInfo->GetFitRange(1);
  // if fit range is given in bins (and not time), the fit start/end time can be calculated at this point now
  if (fRunInfo->IsFitRangeInBin()) {
    fFitStartTime = (fGoodBins[0] + fRunInfo->GetFitRangeOffset(0) - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution; // (fgb+n0-t0)*dt
    fFitEndTime = (fGoodBins[1] - fRunInfo->GetFitRangeOffset(1) - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution;   // (lgb-n1-t0)*dt
    // write these times back into the data structure. This way it is available when writting the log-file
    fRunInfo->SetFitRange(fFitStartTime, 0);
    fRunInfo->SetFitRange(fFitEndTime, 1);
  }
  if (fFitStartTime == PMUSR_UNDEFINED) { // fit start/end NOT found in the RUN block, check GLOBAL block
    fFitStartTime = globalBlock->GetFitRange(0);
    fFitEndTime   = globalBlock->GetFitRange(1);
    // if fit range is given in bins (and not time), the fit start/end time can be calculated at this point now
    if (globalBlock->IsFitRangeInBin()) {
      fFitStartTime = (fGoodBins[0] + globalBlock->GetFitRangeOffset(0) - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution; // (fgb+n0-t0)*dt
      fFitEndTime = (fGoodBins[1] - globalBlock->GetFitRangeOffset(1) - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution;   // (lgb-n1-t0)*dt
      // write these times back into the data structure. This way it is available when writting the log-file
      globalBlock->SetFitRange(fFitStartTime, 0);
      globalBlock->SetFitRange(fFitEndTime, 1);
    }
  }
  if ((fFitStartTime == PMUSR_UNDEFINED) || (fFitEndTime == PMUSR_UNDEFINED)) {
    fFitStartTime = (fGoodBins[0] - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution; // (fgb-t0)*dt
    fFitEndTime = (fGoodBins[1] - fT0s[0]) * fTimeResolution;   // (lgb-t0)*dt
    std::cerr << ">> PRunSingleHisto::GetProperFitRange(): **WARNING** Couldn't get fit start/end time!" << std::endl;
    std::cerr << ">>    Will set it to fgb/lgb which given in time is: " << fFitStartTime << "..." << fFitEndTime << " (usec)" << std::endl;
  }
}