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+# How to upgrade to CNI Specification v0.3.0
+
+Version 0.3.0 of the [CNI Specification](../SPEC.md) provides rich information
+about container network configuration, including details of network interfaces
+and support for multiple IP addresses.
+
+To support this new data, the specification changed in a couple significant
+ways that will impact CNI users, plugin authors, and runtime authors.
+
+This document provides guidance for how to upgrade:
+
+- [For CNI Users](#for-cni-users)
+- [For Plugin Authors](#for-plugin-authors)
+- [For Runtime Authors](#for-runtime-authors)
+
+**Note**: the CNI Spec is versioned independently from the GitHub releases
+for this repo. For example, Release v0.4.0 supports Spec version v0.2.0,
+and Release v0.5.0 supports Spec v0.3.0.
+
+----
+
+## For CNI Users
+If you maintain CNI configuration files for a container runtime that uses CNI,
+ensure that the configuration files specify a `cniVersion` field and that the
+version there is supported by your container runtime and CNI plugins.
+Configuration files without a version field should be given version 0.2.0.
+The CNI spec includes example configuration files for
+[single plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#example-configurations)
+and for [lists of chained plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#example-configurations).
+
+Consult the documentation for your runtime and plugins to determine what
+CNI spec versions they support. Test any plugin upgrades before deploying to
+production. You may find [cnitool](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/tree/master/cnitool)
+useful. Specifically, your configuration version should be the lowest common
+version supported by your plugins.
+
+## For Plugin Authors
+This section provides guidance for upgrading plugins to CNI Spec Version 0.3.0.
+
+### General guidance for all plugins (language agnostic)
+To provide the smoothest upgrade path, **existing plugins should support
+multiple versions of the CNI spec**. In particular, plugins with existing
+installed bases should add support for CNI spec version 0.3.0 while maintaining
+compatibility with older versions.
+
+To do this, two changes are required. First, a plugin should advertise which
+CNI spec versions it supports. It does this by responding to the `VERSION`
+command with the following JSON data:
+
+```json
+{
+ "cniVersion": "0.3.0",
+ "supportedVersions": [ "0.1.0", "0.2.0", "0.3.0" ]
+}
+```
+
+Second, for the `ADD` command, a plugin must respect the `cniVersion` field
+provided in the [network configuration JSON](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#network-configuration).
+That field is a request for the plugin to return results of a particular format:
+
+- If the `cniVersion` field is not present, then spec v0.2.0 should be assumed
+ and v0.2.0 format result JSON returned.
+
+- If the plugin doesn't support the version, the plugin must error.
+
+- Otherwise, the plugin must return a [CNI Result](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#result)
+ in the format requested.
+
+Result formats for older CNI spec versions are available in the
+[git history for SPEC.md](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/commits/master/SPEC.md).
+
+For example, suppose a plugin, via its `VERSION` response, advertises CNI specification
+support for v0.2.0 and v0.3.0. When it receives `cniVersion` key of `0.2.0`,
+the plugin must return result JSON conforming to CNI spec version 0.2.0.
+
+### Specific guidance for plugins written in Go
+Plugins written in Go may leverage the Go language packages in this repository
+to ease the process of upgrading and supporting multiple versions. CNI
+[Library and Plugins Release v0.5.0](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/releases)
+includes important changes to the Golang APIs. Plugins using these APIs will
+require some changes now, but should more-easily handle spec changes and
+new features going forward.
+
+For plugin authors, the biggest change is that `types.Result` is now an
+interface implemented by concrete struct types in the `types/current` and
+`types/020` subpackages.
+
+Internally, plugins should use the `types/current` structs, and convert
+to or from specific versions when required. A typical plugin will only need
+to do a single conversion. That is when it is about to complete and needs to
+print the result JSON in the correct format to stdout. The library
+function `types.PrintResult()` simplifies this by converting and printing in
+a single call.
+
+Additionally, the plugin should advertise which CNI Spec versions it supports
+via the 3rd argument to `skel.PluginMain()`.
+
+Here is some example code
+
+```go
+import (
+ "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/skel"
+ "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/types"
+ "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/types/current"
+ "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/version"
+)
+
+func cmdAdd(args *skel.CmdArgs) error {
+ // determine spec version to use
+ var netConf struct {
+ types.NetConf
+ // other plugin-specific configuration goes here
+ }
+ err := json.Unmarshal(args.StdinData, &netConf)
+ cniVersion := netConf.CNIVersion
+
+ // plugin does its work...
+ // set up interfaces
+ // assign addresses, etc
+
+ // construct the result
+ result := ¤t.Result{
+ Interfaces: []*current.Interface{ ... },
+ IPs: []*current.IPs{ ... },
+ ...
+ }
+
+ // print result to stdout, in the format defined by the requested cniVersion
+ return types.PrintResult(result, cniVersion)
+}
+
+func main() {
+ skel.PluginMain(cmdAdd, cmdDel, version.PluginSupports("0.1.0", "0.2.0", "0.3.0"))
+}
+```
+
+Alternately, to use the result from a delegated IPAM plugin, the `result`
+value might be formed like this:
+
+```go
+ipamResult, err := ipam.ExecAdd(netConf.IPAM.Type, args.StdinData)
+result, err := current.NewResultFromResult(ipamResult)
+```
+
+Other examples of spec v0.3.0-compatible plugins are the
+[main plugins in this repo](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/tree/master/plugins/main)
+
+
+## For Runtime Authors
+
+This section provides guidance for upgrading container runtimes to support
+CNI Spec Version 0.3.0.
+
+### General guidance for all runtimes (language agnostic)
+
+#### Support multiple CNI spec versions
+To provide the smoothest upgrade path and support the broadest range of CNI
+plugins, **container runtimes should support multiple versions of the CNI spec**.
+In particular, runtimes with existing installed bases should add support for CNI
+spec version 0.3.0 while maintaining compatibility with older versions.
+
+To support multiple versions of the CNI spec, runtimes should be able to
+call both new and legacy plugins, and handle the results from either.
+
+When calling a plugin, the runtime must request that the plugin respond in a
+particular format by specifying the `cniVersion` field in the
+[Network Configuration](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#network-configuration)
+JSON block. The plugin will then respond with
+a [Result](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#result)
+in the format defined by that CNI spec version, and the runtime must parse
+and handle this result.
+
+#### Handle errors due to version incompatibility
+Plugins may respond with error indicating that they don't support the requested
+CNI version (see [Well-known Error Codes](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#well-known-error-codes)),
+e.g.
+```json
+{
+ "cniVersion": "0.2.0",
+ "code": 1,
+ "msg": "CNI version not supported"
+}
+```
+In that case, the runtime may retry with a lower CNI spec version, or take
+some other action.
+
+#### (optional) Discover plugin version support
+Runtimes may discover which CNI spec versions are supported by a plugin, by
+calling the plugin with the `VERSION` command. The `VERSION` command was
+added in CNI spec v0.2.0, so older plugins may not respect it. In the absence
+of a successful response to `VERSION`, assume that the plugin only supports
+CNI spec v0.1.0.
+
+#### Handle missing data in v0.3.0 results
+The Result for the `ADD` command in CNI spec version 0.3.0 includes a new field
+`interfaces`. An IP address in the `ip` field may describe which interface
+it is assigned to, by placing a numeric index in the `interface` subfield.
+
+However, some plugins which are v0.3.0 compatible may nonetheless omit the
+`interfaces` field and/or set the `interface` index value to `-1`. Runtimes
+should gracefully handle this situation, unless they have good reason to rely
+on the existence of the interface data. In that case, provide the user an
+error message that helps diagnose the issue.
+
+### Specific guidance for container runtimes written in Go
+Container runtimes written in Go may leverage the Go language packages in this
+repository to ease the process of upgrading and supporting multiple versions.
+CNI [Library and Plugins Release v0.5.0](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/releases)
+includes important changes to the Golang APIs. Runtimes using these APIs will
+require some changes now, but should more-easily handle spec changes and
+new features going forward.
+
+For runtimes, the biggest changes to the Go libraries are in the `types` package.
+It has been refactored to make working with versioned results simpler. The top-level
+`types.Result` is now an opaque interface instead of a struct, and APIs exposed by
+other packages, such as the high-level `libcni` package, have been updated to use
+this interface. Concrete types are now per-version subpackages. The `types/current`
+subpackage contains the latest (spec v0.3.0) types.
+
+When up-converting older result types to spec v0.3.0, fields new in
+spec v0.3.0 (like `interfaces`) may be empty. Conversely, when
+down-converting v0.3.0 results to an older version, any data in those fields
+will be lost.
+
+| From | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
+|--------|-----|-----|-----|
+| To 0.1 | ✔ | ✔ | x |
+| To 0.2 | ✔ | ✔ | x |
+| To 0.3 | ✴ | ✴ | ✔ |
+
+
+Key:
+> ✔ : lossless conversion
+> ✴ : higher-version output may have empty fields
+> x : lower-version output is missing some data
+
+
+
+A container runtime should use `current.NewResultFromResult()` to convert the
+opaque `types.Result` to a concrete `current.Result` struct. It may then
+work with the fields exposed by that struct:
+
+```go
+// runtime invokes the plugin to get the opaque types.Result
+// this may conform to any CNI spec version
+resultInterface, err := libcni.AddNetwork(netConf, runtimeConf)
+
+// upconvert result to the current 0.3.0 spec
+result, err := current.NewResultFromResult(resultInterface)
+
+// use the result fields ....
+for _, ip := range result.IPs { ... }
+```