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SCP
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<h1 id="transferring-data">Transferring Data<a class="headerlink" href="#transferring-data" title="Permanent link"></a></h1>
<h2 id="overview">Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>Most data transfer methods support both sending and receiving, so you may initiate the transfer from either <strong>Merlin</strong> or the other system — depending on <strong>network visibility</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>From PSI Network to Merlin:</strong> Merlin login nodes are visible from the PSI network, so direct transfers using <code>rsync</code>, or <strong>ftp</strong> are generally preferable. Transfers <strong>from Merlin7 to PSI may require special firewall rules</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>From Merlin to the Internet:</strong> Merlin login nodes can access the internet with a <strong>limited set of protocols</strong>:<ul>
<li>HTTP-based protocols on ports <code>80</code> or <code>445</code> (e.g., HTTPS, WebDAV).</li>
<li>Other protocols (e.g., SSH, FTP, rsync daemon mode) require admin configuration, may only work with specific hosts, and might need new firewall rules.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>From the Internet to PSI:</strong> Systems outside PSI can access the <a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/photon-science-data-services/data-transfer">PSI Data Transfer Service</a> at <code>datatransfer.psi.ch</code> using SSH-based protocols or <a href="https://www.globus.org/">Globus</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>SSH-based protocols using port <code>22</code> <strong>to most PSI servers</strong> are generally <strong>not permitted</strong>.
However, <strong>transfers from any PSI host to Merlin7 using port 22 are allowed</strong>.
Port <code>21</code> is also available for FTP transfers from PSI to Merlin7.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="choosing-the-best-transfer-method">Choosing the best transfer method<a class="headerlink" href="#choosing-the-best-transfer-method" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>Scenario</strong></th>
<th><strong>Recommended Method</strong></th>
<th><strong>Reason</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Small dataset, Linux/macOS</td>
<td><code>rsync</code></td>
<td>Resume support, skips existing files, works over SSH</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Quick one-time small transfer</td>
<td><code>scp</code></td>
<td>Simple syntax, no need to install extra tools</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large dataset, high speed needed (not sensitive)</td>
<td>FTP via <code>service03.merlin7.psi.ch</code></td>
<td>Fastest transfer speed (unencrypted data channel)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large dataset, high speed needed (sensitive data)</td>
<td>FTP via <code>ftp-encrypted.merlin7.psi.ch</code></td>
<td>Encrypted control &amp; data channels for security, but slower than <code>service03</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows interactive GUI transfer</td>
<td>WinSCP</td>
<td>User-friendly interface, PSI Software Kiosk, supports drag-and-drop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cross-platform interactive GUI transfer</td>
<td>FileZilla</td>
<td>User-friendly interface, works on Linux/macOS/Windows, supports drag-and-drop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>From the internet to PSI</td>
<td><a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/photon-science-data-services/data-transfer">PSI Data Transfer Service</a></td>
<td>Supports SSH-based protocols and Globus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Need for sharing large files</td>
<td><a href="https://filesender.switch.ch/filesender2/?s=upload">SWITCHfilesender</a></td>
<td>Supports sharing large file and expiration date</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PSI -&gt; Merlin7 over FTP</td>
<td>Any FTP-based client</td>
<td>Port 21 allowed from PSI to Merlin7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PSI -&gt; Merlin7 over SSH</td>
<td>Any SSH-based method</td>
<td>Port 22 allowed from PSI to Merlin7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The next chapters contain detailed information about the different transfer methods available on Merlin7.</p>
<h2 id="direct-transfer-via-merlin7-login-nodes">Direct Transfer via Merlin7 Login Nodes<a class="headerlink" href="#direct-transfer-via-merlin7-login-nodes" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>The following methods transfer data directly via the <a href="../../01-Quick-Start-Guide/accessing-interactive-nodes/#login-nodes-hardware-description">login nodes</a>. They are suitable for use from <strong>within the PSI network</strong>.</p>
<h3 id="rsync-recommended-for-linuxmacos">Rsync (Recommended for Linux/macOS)<a class="headerlink" href="#rsync-recommended-for-linuxmacos" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Rsync is the <strong>preferred</strong> method for small datasets from Linux/macOS systems. It supports <strong>resuming interrupted transfers</strong> and <strong>skips already transferred files</strong>. Syntax:</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>rsync<span class="w"> </span>-avAHXS<span class="w"> </span>&lt;src&gt;<span class="w"> </span>&lt;dst&gt;
</span></code></pre></div>
<p><strong>An example</strong> for transferring local files to a Merlin project directory</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>rsync<span class="w"> </span>-avAHXS<span class="w"> </span>~/localdata<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$USER</span>@login001.merlin7.psi.ch:/data/project/general/myproject/
</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>If a transfer is interrupted, just rerun the command: <code>rsync</code> will skip existing files.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Rsync uses SSH (port 22). For large datasets, transfer speed might be limited.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="scp">SCP<a class="headerlink" href="#scp" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>SCP works similarly to <code>rsync</code> but <strong>does not support resuming</strong> interrupted transfers. It may be used for quick one-off transfers. Example:</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>scp<span class="w"> </span>~/localfile.txt<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$USER</span>@login001.merlin7.psi.ch:/data/project/general/myproject/
</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="secure-ftp">Secure FTP<a class="headerlink" href="#secure-ftp" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>A <code>vsftpd</code> service is available on the login nodes, providing high-speed transfers. Choose the server based on your <strong>speed vs. encryption</strong> needs:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>login001.merlin7.psi.ch</code>:</strong> Encrypted control &amp; data channels.
<strong>Use if your data is sensitive</strong>. <strong>Slower</strong>, but secure.</li>
<li><strong><code>service03.merlin7.psi.ch</code></strong>: Encrypted control channel only.
Use if your data can be transferred unencrypted. <strong>Fastest</strong> method.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>The <strong>control channel</strong> is always <strong>encrypted</strong>, therefore, authentication is encrypted and secured.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="ui-based-clients-for-data-transfer">UI-based Clients for Data Transfer<a class="headerlink" href="#ui-based-clients-for-data-transfer" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<h3 id="winscp-windows">WinSCP (Windows)<a class="headerlink" href="#winscp-windows" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Available in the <strong>Software Kiosk</strong> on PSI Windows machines.</p>
<ul>
<li>Using your PSI credentials, connect to<ul>
<li>when using port 22, connect to <code>login001.merlin7.psi.ch</code> or <code>login002.merlin7.psi.ch</code>.</li>
<li>when using port 21, connect to:<ul>
<li><code>ftp-encrypted.merlin7.psi.ch</code>: <strong>Fast</strong> transfer rates. <strong>Both</strong> control and data <strong>channels encrypted</strong>.</li>
<li><code>service03.merlin7.psi.ch</code>: <strong>Fastest</strong> transfer rates, but <strong>data channel not encrypted</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Drag and drop files between your PC and Merlin.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>FTP (port 21)</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="filezilla-linuxmacoswindows">FileZilla (Linux/MacOS/Windows)<a class="headerlink" href="#filezilla-linuxmacoswindows" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Download from <a href="https://filezilla-project.org/">FileZilla Project</a>, or install from your Linux software repositories if available.</p>
<ul>
<li>Using your PSI credentials, connect to<ul>
<li>when using port 22, connect to <code>login001.merlin7.psi.ch</code> or <code>login002.merlin7.psi.ch</code>.</li>
<li>when using port 21, connect to:<ul>
<li><code>ftp-encrypted.merlin7.psi.ch</code>: <strong>Fast</strong> transfer rates. <strong>Both</strong> control and data <strong>channels encrypted</strong>.</li>
<li><code>service03.merlin7.psi.ch</code>: <strong>Fastest</strong> transfer rates, but <strong>data channel not encrypted</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Supports drag-and-drop file transfers.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sharing-files-with-switchfilesender">Sharing Files with SWITCHfilesender<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-files-with-switchfilesender" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://filesender.switch.ch/filesender2/?s=upload">SWITCHfilesender</a></strong> is a Swiss-hosted installation of the <a href="https://filesender.org/">FileSender</a> project — a web-based application that allows authenticated users to securely and easily send <strong>arbitrarily large files</strong> to other users. Features:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Secure large file transfers:</strong> Send files that exceed normal email attachment limits.</li>
<li><strong>Time-limited availability:</strong> Files are automatically deleted after the chosen expiration date or number of downloads.</li>
<li><strong>Voucher system:</strong> Authenticated users can send upload vouchers to external recipients without an account.</li>
<li><strong>Designed for research &amp; education:</strong> Developed to meet the needs of universities and research institutions.</li>
</ul>
<p>About the authentication:</p>
<ul>
<li>It uses <strong>SimpleSAMLphp</strong>, supporting multiple authentication mechanisms: SAML2, LDAP, RADIUS and more.</li>
<li>It's fully integrated with PSI's <strong>Authentication and Authorization Infrastructure (AAI)</strong>.</li>
<li>PSI employees can log in using their PSI account:</li>
<li>Open <a href="https://filesender.switch.ch/filesender2/?s=upload">SWITCHfilesender</a>.</li>
<li>Select <strong>PSI</strong> as the institution.</li>
<li>Authenticate with your PSI credentials.</li>
</ul>
<p>The service is designed to <strong>send large files for temporary availability</strong>, not as a permanent publishing platform. Typical use case:</p>
<ol>
<li>Upload a file.</li>
<li>Share the download link with a recipient.</li>
<li>File remains available until the specified <strong>expiration date</strong> is reached, or the <strong>download limit</strong> is reached.</li>
<li>The file is <strong>automatically deleted</strong> after expiration.</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>SWITCHfilesender <strong>is not</strong> a long-term storage or archiving solution.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="psi-data-transfer">PSI Data Transfer<a class="headerlink" href="#psi-data-transfer" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>From August 2024, Merlin is connected to the <strong><a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/photon-science-data-services/data-transfer">PSI Data Transfer</a></strong> service,
<code>datatransfer.psi.ch</code>. This is a central service managed by the <strong><a href="https://linux.psi.ch/index.html">Linux team</a></strong>. However, any problems or questions related to it can be directly
<a href="../../support/index.md">reported</a> to the Merlin administrators, which will forward the request if necessary.</p>
<p>The PSI Data Transfer servers supports the following protocols:</p>
<ul>
<li>Data Transfer - SSH (scp / rsync)</li>
<li>Data Transfer - Globus</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice that <code>datatransfer.psi.ch</code> does not allow SSH login, only <code>rsync</code>, <code>scp</code> and <a href="https://www.globus.org/">Globus</a> access is allowed.</p>
<p>Access to the PSI Data Transfer uses <strong><em>Multi factor authentication</em></strong> (MFA).
Therefore, having the Microsoft Authenticator App is required as explained <a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/computing/change-to-mfa">here</a>.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>Please follow the <a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/photon-science-data-services/data-transfer">Official PSI Data
Transfer</a>
documentation for further instructions.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="connecting-to-merlin7-from-outside-psi">Connecting to Merlin7 from outside PSI<a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-merlin7-from-outside-psi" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>Merlin7 is fully accessible from within the PSI network. To connect from outside you can use:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/computing/vpn">VPN</a> (<a href="https://intranet.psi.ch/BIO/ComputingVPN">alternate instructions</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/computing/ssh-hop">SSH hopx</a><ul>
<li>Please avoid transferring big amount data through <strong>hop</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../nomachine/">No Machine</a><ul>
<li>Remote Interactive Access through <a href="https://www.psi.ch/en/photon-science-data-services/remote-interactive-access"><strong>'nx.psi.ch'</strong></a></li>
<li>Please avoid transferring big amount of data through <strong>NoMachine</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="connecting-from-merlin7-to-outside-file-shares">Connecting from Merlin7 to outside file shares<a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-from-merlin7-to-outside-file-shares" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<h3 id="merlin_rmount-command"><code>merlin_rmount</code> command<a class="headerlink" href="#merlin_rmount-command" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Merlin provides a command for mounting remote file systems, called <code>merlin_rmount</code>. This
provides a helpful wrapper over the Gnome storage utilities, and provides support for a wide range of remote file formats, including</p>
<ul>
<li>SMB/CIFS (Windows shared folders)</li>
<li>WebDav</li>
<li>AFP</li>
<li>FTP, SFTP</li>
<li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/using_the_desktop_environment_in_rhel_8/managing-storage-volumes-in-gnome_using-the-desktop-environment-in-rhel-8#gvfs-back-ends_managing-storage-volumes-in-gnome">others</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="../merlin-rmount/">More instruction on using <code>merlin_rmount</code></a></p>
</article>
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