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<h1 id="configuring-ssh-keys-in-merlin">Configuring SSH Keys in Merlin<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-ssh-keys-in-merlin" title="Permanent link"></a></h1>
<p>Merlin users sometimes will need to access the different Merlin services without being constantly requested by a password.
One can achieve that with Kerberos authentication, however in some cases some software would require the setup of SSH Keys.
One example is ANSYS Fluent, which, when used interactively, the way of communication between the GUI and the different nodes
is through the SSH protocol, and the use of SSH Keys is enforced.</p>
<h2 id="setting-up-ssh-keys-on-merlin">Setting up SSH Keys on Merlin<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-ssh-keys-on-merlin" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>For security reason, users <strong>must always protect SSH Keys with a passphrase</strong>.</p>
<p>User can check whether a SSH key already exists. These would be placed in the <strong>~/.ssh/</strong> directory. <code>RSA</code> encryption
is usually the default one, and files in there would be <strong><code>id_rsa</code></strong> (private key) and <strong><code>id_rsa.pub</code></strong> (public key).</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>ls<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/id*
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>For creating <strong>SSH RSA Keys</strong>, one should:</p>
<ol>
<li>Run <code>ssh-keygen</code>, a password will be requested twice. You <strong>must remember</strong> this password for the future.<ul>
<li>Due to security reasons, <strong><em>always try protecting it with a password</em></strong>. There is only one exception, when running ANSYS software, which in general should not use password to simplify the way of running the software in Slurm.</li>
<li>This will generate a private key <strong>id_rsa</strong>, and a public key <strong>id_rsa.pub</strong> in your <strong>~/.ssh</strong> directory.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add your public key to the <strong><code>authorized_keys</code></strong> file, and ensure proper permissions for that file, as follows:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>cat<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub<span class="w"> </span>&gt;&gt;<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>chmod<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0600</span><span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>Configure the SSH client in order to force the usage of the <strong>psi.ch</strong> domain for trusting keys:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"CanonicalizeHostname yes"</span><span class="w"> </span>&gt;&gt;<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/config
</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>Configure further SSH options as follows:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"AddKeysToAgent yes"</span><span class="w"> </span>&gt;&gt;<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/config
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"ForwardAgent yes"</span><span class="w"> </span>&gt;&gt;<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/config
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Other options may be added.</p>
<ol>
<li>Check that your SSH config file contains at least the lines mentioned in steps 3 and 4:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-console highlight"><span class="filename">Bash Session</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="gp"># </span>cat<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/config
</span><span id="__span-4-2"><a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="go">CanonicalizeHostname yes</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-3"><a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="go">AddKeysToAgent yes</span>
</span><span id="__span-4-4"><a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="go">ForwardAgent yes</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="using-the-ssh-keys">Using the SSH Keys<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-ssh-keys" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<h3 id="using-authentication-agent-in-ssh-session">Using Authentication Agent in SSH session<a class="headerlink" href="#using-authentication-agent-in-ssh-session" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>By default, when accessing the login node via SSH (with <code>ForwardAgent=yes</code>), it will automatically add your
SSH Keys to the authentication agent. Hence, no actions should not be needed by the user. One can configure
<code>ForwardAgent=yes</code> as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>(Recommended)</strong> In your local Linux (workstation, laptop or desktop) add the following line in the
<code>$HOME/.ssh/config</code> (or alternatively in <code>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</code>) file:</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-text highlight"><span class="filename">Text Only</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>ForwardAgent yes
</span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>Alternatively, on each SSH you can add the option <code>ForwardAgent=yes</code> in the SSH command. In example:</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>ssh<span class="w"> </span>-XY<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ForwardAgent</span><span class="o">=</span>yes<span class="w"> </span>login001.merlin7.psi.ch
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>If <code>ForwardAgent</code> is not enabled as shown above, one needs to run the authentication agent and then add your key
to the <strong>ssh-agent</strong>. This must be done once per SSH session, as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Run <code>eval $(ssh-agent -s)</code> to run the <strong>ssh-agent</strong> in that SSH session</li>
<li>Check whether the authentication agent has your key already added:</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a>ssh-add<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>grep<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"/data/user/</span><span class="k">$(</span>whoami<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">/.ssh"</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>If no key is returned in the previous step, you have to add the private key identity to the authentication agent.
You will be requested for the <strong>passphrase</strong> of your key, and it can be done by running:</li>
</ul>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a>ssh-add
</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="using-authentication-agent-in-nomachine-session">Using Authentication Agent in NoMachine Session<a class="headerlink" href="#using-authentication-agent-in-nomachine-session" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>By default, when using a NoMachine session, the <code>ssh-agent</code> should be automatically started. Hence, there is no need of
starting the agent or forwarding it.</p>
<p>However, for NoMachine one always need to add the private key identity to the authentication agent. This can be done as follows:</p>
<ol>
<li>Check whether the authentication agent has already the key added:</li>
</ol>
<p></p><div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-9-1"><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>ssh-add<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>grep<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"/data/user/</span><span class="k">$(</span>whoami<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">/.ssh"</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
2. If no key is returned in the previous step, you have to add the private key identity to the authentication agent.
You will be requested for the <strong>passphrase</strong> of your key, and it can be done by running:<p></p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-10-1"><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a>ssh-add
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>You just need to run it once per NoMachine session, and it would apply to all terminal windows within that NoMachine session.</p>
<h2 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<h3 id="errors-when-running-ssh-add">Errors when running 'ssh-add'<a class="headerlink" href="#errors-when-running-ssh-add" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>If the error <code>Could not open a connection to your authentication agent.</code> appears when running <code>ssh-add</code>, it means
that the authentication agent is not running. Please follow the previous procedures for starting it.</p>
<h3 id="addupdate-ssh-rsa-key-password">Add/Update SSH RSA Key password<a class="headerlink" href="#addupdate-ssh-rsa-key-password" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>If an existing SSH Key does not have password, or you want to update an existing password with a new one, you can do it as follows:</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-11-1"><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a>ssh-keygen<span class="w"> </span>-p<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/id_rsa
</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="ssh-keys-deployed-but-not-working">SSH Keys deployed but not working<a class="headerlink" href="#ssh-keys-deployed-but-not-working" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Please ensure proper permissions of the involved files, as well as any typos in the file names involved:</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-12-1"><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a>chmod<span class="w"> </span>u+rwx,go-rwx,g+s<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh
</span><span id="__span-12-2"><a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a>chmod<span class="w"> </span>u+rw-x,go-rwx<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
</span><span id="__span-12-3"><a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a>chmod<span class="w"> </span>u+rw-x,go-rwx<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/id_rsa
</span><span id="__span-12-4"><a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>chmod<span class="w"> </span>u+rw-x,go+r-wx<span class="w"> </span>~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="testing-ssh-keys">Testing SSH Keys<a class="headerlink" href="#testing-ssh-keys" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Once SSH Key is created, for testing that the SSH Key is valid, one can do the following:</p>
<ol>
<li>Create a <strong>new</strong> SSH session in one of the login nodes:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-13-1"><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a>ssh<span class="w"> </span>login001
</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>In the login node session, destroy any existing Kerberos ticket or active SSH Key:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-14-1"><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a>kdestroy
</span><span id="__span-14-2"><a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a>ssh-add<span class="w"> </span>-D
</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>Add the new private key identity to the authentication agent. You will be requested by the passphrase.</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-15-1"><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a>ssh-add
</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>Check that your key is active by the SSH agent:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-16-1"><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a>ssh-add<span class="w"> </span>-l
</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>SSH to the second login node. No password should be requested:</li>
</ol>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><span class="filename">Bash</span><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-17-1"><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a>ssh<span class="w"> </span>-vvv<span class="w"> </span>login002
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>If the last step succeeds, then means that your SSH Key is properly setup.</p>
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