---
title: Help APIs and UI tooltips
tags: [publishing, single-sourcing, content-types]
last_updated: August 12, 2015
keywords: API, content API, UI text, inline help, context-sensitive help, popovers, tooltips
summary: "You can loop through files and generate a JSON file that developers can consume like a help API. Developers can pull in values from the JSON into interface elements, styling them as popovers for user interface text. The beauty of this method is that the UI text remains in the help system and isn't hard-coded into the UI."
---
{% include linkrefs.html %}

## Full code demo of content API

You can create a help API that developers can use to pull in content.

For the full code demo, see the notes in the <a target="_blank" title="ToolTip Demo" href="{{ "/tooltip_demo.html" | prepend: site.baseurl }}">Tooltip Demo</a>.

In this demo, the popovers pull in and display content from the information in an external tooltips.json file located on a different host.

## Diagram overview

Here's a diagram showing the basic idea of the help API: 

<img src="images/helpapi.svg" style="width: 650px;"/>

Is this really an API? Well, sort of. The help content is pushed out into a JSON file that other websites and applications can easily consume. The endpoints don't deliver different data based on parameters added to a URL. But the overall concept is similar to an API: you have a client requesting resources from a server.

Note that in this scenario, the help is openly accessible on the web. If you have a private system, it's more complicated.

To deliver help this way using Jekyll, follow the steps in each of the sections below.

## 1. Create a "collection" for the help content (optional)

A collection is another content type that extends Jekyll beyond the use of pages and posts. Here I'm calling the collection "tooltips." You could also just use pages, but if you have a lot of content, it will take longer to look up information in the file because the lookup will have to scan through all your site content instead of just the tooltips.

Add the following information to your configuration file to declare your collection:

```liquid
collections:
  tooltips:
    output: true
```

In your Jekyll project, create a new folder called "_tooltips" and put every page that you want to be part of that tooltips collection inside that folder.

## 2. Create pages in your collection

Create pages inside your new tooltips collection (that is, inside the \_tooltips folder). Each page needs only a unique `id` in the frontmatter. Here's an example:

{%raw%}
```liquid
---
id: basketball
---

{{site.data.definitions.basketball}}
```
{%endraw%}

You need to create a separate page for each resource you want to deliver. In this setup, the definition of basketball is stored in a data file call definitions inside the \_data folder so that we can re-use it in other parts of the help as well. (This additional re-use is covered later on this page.)

## 3. Create a JSON file that loops through your collection pages

Add the following to a file and call it tooltips.json:

```
{% raw %}
---
layout: none
---
{
	"entries": 
[
    {% for page in site.tooltips %}
    {
      "id"    : "{{ page.id }}",
      "body": "{{ page.content | strip_newlines | replace: '\', '\\\\' | replace: '"', '\\"' }}"
    } {% unless forloop.last %},{% endunless %}
  {% endfor %}
]
}
{% endraw %}
```

This code will loop through all pages in the tooltips collection and insert the id and body into key-value pairs for the JSON code. Here's an example of what that looks like after it's processed by Jekyll in the site build: <a target="_blank" title="ToolTip Demo" href="{{ "/tooltips.json" | prepend: site.baseurl }}">Tooltips</a>.

{{tip}} Check out <a href="https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/jsoncstyleguide.xml">Google's style guide for JSON</a>. These best practices can help you keep your JSON file valid.{{end}}

Store this tooltips.json file in your root directory. You can add different fields depending on how you want the JSON to be structured. Here I just have to fields: `id` and `body`. And the JSON is looking just in the tooltips collection that I created.

When you build your site, Jekyll will iterate through every page in your _tooltips folder and put the page id and body into this format.

You could create different JSON files that specialize in different content. For example, suppose you have some getting started information. You could put that into a different JSON file. Using the same structure, you might add an `if` tag that checks whether the page has frontmatter that says `getting_started: true` or something. Or you could put it into a separate collection entirely (different from tooltips).

By chunking up your JSON files, you can provide a quicker lookup, though I'm not sure how big the JSON file can be before you experience any latency with the jQuery lookup.

## 4. Allow CORS access to your help if stored on a remote server

When people make calls to your site *from other domains*, you must allow them access to get the content. To do this, you have to enable something called CORS (cross origin resource sharing) within the server where your help resides. 

In other words, people are going to be executing calls to reach into your site and grab your content. Just like the door on your house, you have to unlock it so people can get in. Enabling CORS is unlocking it. 

How you enable CORS depends on the type of server. 

If your server setup allows htaccess files to override general server permissions, then create an .htaccess file and add the following:

```
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
```

Store this in the same directory as your project. This is what I've done in a directory on my web host (bluehost.com). Inside http://idratherbetellingstories.com/wp-content/apidemos/, I uploaded a file called ".htaccess" with the preceding code.

After I uploaded it, I renamed it to .htaccess, right-clicked the file and set the permissions to 774.

To test whether your server permissions are set correctly, open a terminal and run the following curl command pointing to your tooltips.json file:

```
curl -I http://idratherbetellingstories.com/wp-content/apidemos/tooltips.json
```

If the server permissions are set correctly, you should see the following line somewhere in the response:

```xml
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
```

If you don't see this response, CORS isn't allowed for the file. 

If you have an AWS S3 bucket, you can supposedly add a CORS configuration to the bucket permissions. Log into AWS S3 and click your bucket. On the right, in the Permissions section, click **Add CORS Configuration**. In that space, add the following policy:

```xml
<CORSConfiguration>
 <CORSRule>
   <AllowedOrigin>*</AllowedOrigin>
   <AllowedMethod>GET</AllowedMethod>
 </CORSRule>
</CORSConfiguration>
```

Although this should work, in my experiment it doesn't. And I'm not sure why...

In other server setups, you may need to edit one of your Apache configuration files. See [Enable CORS](http://enable-cors.org/server.html) or search online for ways to allow CORS for your server.

If you don't have CORS enabled, users will see a CORS error/warning message in the console of the page making the request. 

{{tip}} If enabling CORS is problematic, you could always just send developers the tooltips.json file and ask them to place it on their own server. {{end}}

## 5. Explain how developers can access the help

Developers can access the help using the `.get` method from jQuery, among other methods. Here's an example of how to get a page with the ID of `basketball`:

```js
{% raw %}
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){

var url = "{url}/tooltips.json";


$.get( url, function( data ) {

        $.each(data.entries, function(i, page) {
            if (page.id == "basketball") {
				$( "#basketball" ).attr( "data-content", page.body );
            }

        });
    });
 
});
</script>
{% endraw %}
```

The `{url}` is where your tooltips.json file is. The `each` method looks through all the JSON content to find the item whose `page.id` is equal to `basketball`. It then looks for an element on the page named `#basketball` and adds a `data-content` attribute to that element.

{{warning}}<b>Note:</b> Make sure your JSON file is valid. Otherwise, this method won't work. I use the <a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/json-formatter/bcjindcccaagfpapjjmafapmmgkkhgoa?hl=en">JSON Formatter extension for Chrome</a>. When I go to the tooltips.json page in my browser, the JSON content &mdash; if valid &mdash; is nicely formatted (and includes some color coding). If the file isn't valid, it's not formatted and there isn't any color. You can also check the JSON formatting using <a href="http://jsonformatter.curiousconcept.com/">JSON Formatter and Validator</a>. If your JSON file isn't valid, identify the problem area using the validator and troubleshoot the file causing issues. It's usually due to some code that isn't escaping correctly. {{end}}

Why `data-content`? Well, in this case, I'm using [Bootstrap popovers](http://getbootstrap.com/javascript/#popovers) to display the tooltip content. The `data-content` attribute is how Bootstrap injects popovers.

Here's the section on the page where the popover is inserted:

```
<p>Basketball <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign" id="basketball" data-toggle="popover"></span></p>
```

Notice that I just have `id="basketball"` added to this popover element. Developers merely need to add a unique ID to each tooltip they want to pull in the help content. Either you tell developers the unique ID they should add, or ask them what IDs they added (or just tell them to use an ID that matches the field's name).

In order to use jQuery and Bootstrap, you'll need to add the appropriate references in the head tags of your page: 

```js
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
    $('[data-toggle="popover"]').popover({
        placement : 'right',
        trigger: 'hover',
        html: true
    });
```

Note that even though you reference a Bootstrap js script, Bootstrap's popovers require you to initialize them using the above code as well &mdash; they aren't turned on by default.

View the source code of the <a target="_blank" title="ToolTip Demo" href="{{ "/tooltip_demo.html" | prepend: site.baseurl }}">Tooltip Demo</a> for the full comments. 

## 6. Create easy links to embed the help in your help site

You might also want to insert the same content into different parts of your help site. For example, if you have tooltips providing definitions for fields, you'll probably want to create a page in your help that lists those same definitions. You could use the same method developers use to pull help content into their applications. But it will probably be easier to simply use Jekyll's tags for doing it. 


Here's how you would reuse the content:

```html
{% raw %}
<h2>Reuse Demo</h2>


<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Sport</th>
<th>Comments</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>

<tr>
<td>Basketball</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.basketball}}</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Baseball</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.baseball}}</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Football</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.football}}</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Soccer</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.soccer}}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
{% endraw %}
```

And here's the code: 

<h2>Reuse Demo</h2>


<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Sport</th>
<th>Comments</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>

<tr>
<td>Basketball</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.basketball}}</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Baseball</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.baseball}}</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Football</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.football}}</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Soccer</td>
<td>{{site.data.definitions.soccer}}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
